Na temelju sačuvanih bilježaka Balda Bogišića i drugih dostupnih izvora rad analizira Bogišićevu ulogu u procesu pregovora o sadržaju bračnog ugovora između crnogorske princeze Jelene Petrović Njegoš i talijanskog prijestolonasljednika Viktora Emanuela III. Pregovori su održani u Rimu u listopadu 1896. godine, a rezultirali su potpisivanjem ugovora čije su odredbe uključivale niz pravnih, dinastičkih i međunarodnih pitanja. U radu se ukazuje na to kako je cijeli proces predstavljao diplomatsku misiju najviše razine u okviru koje su Bogišićev pravni autoritet i diplomatska vještina bili izrazito važni za zaštitu interesa Crne Gore.

Background: Neuromodulation encompasses a range of methods aimed at selectively modifying nervous system function to enhance motor and neurophysiological processes. Although neuromodulation suits have shown benefits in clinical populations, their application in sports remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this case study was to examine the acute effects of a neuromodulation suit on the contractile properties of the rectus femoris muscle in an elite football player. Methods: The subject was an 18.8-year-old male professional football player. After conducting an anthropometric evaluation, initial tensiomyography (TMG) was carried out to evaluate the contractile properties of the rectus femoris, such as delay time (Td), contraction time (Tc), sustain time (Ts), relaxation time (Tr), and maximum radial displacement (Dm), in both legs. The athlete then donned a neuromodulation suit set to 20 Hz for a duration of 60 min. Following this, the same TMG measurements were repeated to assess post-intervention changes. Results: The right leg showed a reduction in Tc from 33.33 to 31.93 milliseconds (ms); Dm increased from 6.61 to 11.17 millimeters (mm). Conversely, the left rectus femoris exhibited prolonged Tc from 26.84 to 29.45 ms. Conclusions: A single 60 min session of neuromodulation suit application produced acute changes in muscle contractile properties. Findings suggest a potential positive effect on rapid force production and reduced muscle stiffness, alongside notable inter-limb variability.

This paper analyzes different approaches for the mathematical modeling and optimization of process parameters in the hard turning process of 42CrMo4 steel using a hybrid approach combining response surface methodology (RSM), multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), and machine learning through, support vector regression (SVR) with one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) sensitivity analysis. Controlled process parameters such as cutting speed, depth of cut, feed, and insert radius are applied to conduct the experiments based on a full factorial experimental design. RSM was used to develop models that describe the effect of controlled parameters on surface roughness and cutting forces. Special emphasis was placed on the analysis of standardized residuals to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the RSM-developed model on an unseen data set. For all four outputs considered, analysis of the standardized residuals shows that over 97% of the points lie within ±3 standard deviations. A multi-criteria optimization technique was applied to establish an optimal combination of input parameters. The SVR model had high performance for all outputs, with coefficient of determination values between 89.91% and 99.39%, except for surface roughness on the test set, with a value of 9.92%. While the SVR model achieved high predictive accuracy for cutting forces, its limited generalization capability for surface roughness highlights the higher complexity and stochastic nature of surface formation mechanisms in the turning process. OFAT analysis showed that feed rate and depth of cut have been shown to be the most important input variables for all analyzed outputs.

The identification of cancer drivers is a cornerstone to delivery of precision oncology. So far sequencing of renal cell cancer (RCC) has largely been confined to the clear cell subtype of RCC. In contrast, sequencing analyses of the less common forms of RCC, papillary RCC (pRCC) and chromophobe RCC (ChRCC), have so far been limited. We analysed whole genome sequencing data on 164 tumour-normal pairs from the Genomics England 100,000 Genomes Project, providing a comprehensive, high-resolution map of copy number alterations, structural variation, and key global genomic features, including mutational signatures, intra-tumour heterogeneity and analysis of extrachromosomal DNA formation. Our research establishes correlations between genomic alterations and histological diversification and the extent to which genetically-mediated immune escape contributes to the development of these RCC subtypes. Implications: We demonstrate the distinctive genetics which characterises pRCC and ChRCC and how this information has the potential to inform patient treatment and clinical trials.

We introduce BallotRank, a ranked preference aggregation method derived from a modified PageRank algorithm. It is a Condorcet-consistent method without damping, and empirical examination of nearly 2,000 ranked choice elections and over 20,000 internet polls confirms that BallotRank always identifies the Condorcet winner at conventional values of the damping parameter. We also prove that the method satisfies many of the same social choice criteria as other well-known Condorcet completion methods, but it has the advantage of being a natural social welfare function that provides a full ranking of the candidates.

Aim: To identify the clinicopathological factors associated with five year mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) treated at Cantonal Hospital Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 64 consecutively operated CRC patients (2019 2024) was analysed. The base-line variables included age, sex, tumor stage, histology, metastatic burden, local infiltration, and comorbidities. Five year cumulative mortality was the primary outcome. Risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by two by two contingency analysis.Results: The cohort comprised 26 women (40.6 %) and 38 men (59.4 %); their median age was 64 years (IQR 58.8–73.0). Eleven patients (17.2 %) died within five years. Mortality was strongly linked to tumor spread and cardiometabolic disease. Any distant metastasis conferred a fifteen fold increase in risk (9/15 vs 2/49; RR 14.7, 95 % CI 3.6–60.8, p < 0.001), and the involvement of two or more metastatic sites remained prognostic (RR 5.6, 95 % CI 1.9–16.9,p = 0.014). Infiltration of more than two adjacent organs quadrupled mortality (RR 4.4, 95 % CI 1.7–11.6, p = 0.032). Hypertension was present in 10 of the 11 deaths, yielding an RR of 12.1 (95 % CI 1.6–88.8, p = 0.002).Type 2 diabetes also increased risk (RR 3.5, 95 % CI 1.3–9.6, p = 0.040). Patients with three or more comorbid conditions had a nearly four times higher mortality (RR 3.9, 95 % CI 1.3–11.7, p = 0.027).Conclusion: The five year death rate in this Bosnian Herzegovinian CRC cohort was driven chiefly by distant metastasis, extensive local invasion, and cardiometabolic comorbidities—especially hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Early detection of metastatic spread and proactive management of vascular risk factors may improve survival in similar settings.

Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare condition that often presents asymptomatically, but can occasionally lead to severe complications, such as obstruction, perforation or bleeding. We report a case of an incarcerated ventral hernia resulting from massive jejunal diverticulosis, an unusual cause of bowel obstruction. An 80-year-old female patient presented with acute abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Physical examination revealed a tender, irreducible mass in the epigastric region. Exploratory surgery was performed and confirmed the presence of multiple jejunal diverticula, with one segment incarcerated in the epigastric hernia. The patient underwent successful surgical repair, including liberation of the affected jejunal segment and hernia repair. This case highlights the importance of considering jejunal diverticulosis in the differential diagnosis of bowel obstruction, and emphasizes the need for prompt surgical intervention in cases of complicated diverticulosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical inpreventing the severe morbidity and mortality associated with this condition.

Background and purpose This study investigates the influence of pedagogical qualification on the teaching of gymnastics in primary education, focusing on Slovak teachers’ instructional practices, resource utilization, and perceptions of teaching difficulty. Gymnastics is a foundational component of physical education (PE), promoting critical motor skills such as coordination, balance, and strength. Despite its benefits, gymnastics is often perceived as a difficult subject to teach, largely due to gaps in teacher training. Material and methods An online survey was completed by 1 189 actively employed primary school teachers across Slovakia during the 2023/2024 school year. Respondents were grouped by pedagogical background: 52.23% held preschool/elementary education qualifications, while 47.77% had alternative pedagogical training such as PE specialization. Results Results showed that “Gymnastics/Dance” was rated as the second most challenging thematic unit by both groups, with 28.18% of preschool/elementary-qualified teachers and 34.54% of other-qualified teachers selecting it, following “Health/Fitness” (38.49% and 37.18%, respectively). Although differences were not statistically significant (χ ²(3) = 7.56, p = 0.055), they highlight widespread difficulty with gymnastics instruction. Apparatus use was similarly high in both groups, with 66.34% of preschool/elementary-trained and 66.20% of other-qualified teachers reporting use of traditional gymnastics equipment. However, significant differences were observed in broader equipment use (χ²(3) = 12.84, p = 0.005), where 23.35% of preschool/elementary-trained teachers reported using both traditional and non-traditional tools compared to 17.96% of other-qualified teachers. Perceptions of facility adequacy also varied significantly (χ²(3) = 9.86, p = 0.018), with more critical ratings from preschool/ elementary-trained respondents. Conclusions These findings suggest that pedagogical training influences teaching diversity, expectations, and perceived support in gymnastics education. The study highlights the need for more robust, practice-focused training in gymnastics during teacher preparation, as well as improved access to equipment and facilities to support high-quality instruction.

Seed biopriming is increasingly recognized as a strategy capable of inducing molecular memory that enhances plant performance under heavy-metal stress. Here, we investigated how biopriming Silene sendtneri seeds with Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN establishes a transcriptional state that predisposes seedlings for improved cadmium (Cd) tolerance. RNA-seq profiling revealed that primed seeds exhibited differential gene expression prior to Cd exposure, with strong upregulation of detoxification enzymes, antioxidant machinery, metal transporters, photosynthetic stabilizers, and osmoprotectant biosynthetic genes. Enrichment of gene ontology categories related to metal ion detoxification, redox homeostasis, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and cell wall organization indicated that biopriming imprints a preparatory transcriptional signature resembling early stress responses. Upon Cd exposure, primed plants displayed enhanced physiological performance, including preserved integrity, elevated antioxidant activity, particularly peroxidases in roots, higher osmolyte accumulation, stabilized micronutrient levels, and substantially increased Cd uptake and sequestration. These coordinated responses demonstrate that biopriming induces a sustained molecular memory that accelerates and strengthens downstream defense activation. These findings demonstrate that PGPR-based biopriming establishes a stable transcriptomic memory in seeds that enhances cadmium tolerance, metal sequestration, and stress resilience, highlighting its potential for improving hyperaccumulator performance in phytoremediation and stress adaptation strategies.

Abstract Overhead transmission lines that consist of two or more circuits are frequently utilized as a solution in scenarios requiring the transmission of a higher amount of energy per unit of space, when spatial constraints exist, or to achieve cost savings in the construction and maintenance of transmission infrastructure. Despite their numerous advantages, these overhead transmission lines pose significant challenges concerning the intensity of magnetic fields in their vicinity. This paper presents an analysis of the influence zone of multi-circuit overhead transmission lines from the perspective of magnetic fields in the range of extremely low-frequencies. The zone of influence, in this context, is defined as the area surrounding the overhead transmission lines where the magnetic flux density exceeds specified reference values. To determine the magnetic flux density values, a methodology based on the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) was employed. The paper outlines the implementation of this ANN based approach to estimate the magnetic flux density near multi-circuit overhead transmission lines. Two case studies are presented, examining double-circuit overhead transmission lines that have different configurations and rated voltages. For these cases, the zones of influence were determined with respect to extremely low-frequency magnetic field values. Additionally, a comparison was conducted between the obtained influence zones and the safety zones for overhead transmission lines defined by regulatory authorities.

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic caused over seven million deaths globally as of July 2024. In an attempt to bring the pandemic under control, immunization was implemented as the main preventive strategy. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) regarding COVID-19 vaccination, as well as the factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccination rates. Methods: This cross-sectional, survey-based KAP study was conducted between November 2024 and February 2025 in five hospitals across five cities of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: There were 571 respondents, 68% of whom were female, with an average age of 39.17 ± 14.74 years; one-third held a university degree. The study sample consisted of patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) (59% vs. 41%). During the pandemic period, 46.6% of respondents were diagnosed with COVID-19, with a higher prevalence among healthcare workers compared to patients (54.2% vs. 41.2%). Among the 55.2% of respondents who were vaccinated, HCWs were more often vaccinated than patients (70.9% vs. 44.2%) and more likely to know that vaccines protect against severe forms of disease and death (80.8% vs. 68.5%). Patients more often believed that vaccination against COVID-19 may lead to sterility in young patients (11.3% vs. 6%) and were more often afraid of vaccination compared to the occurrence of COVID-19 (35.6% vs. 24.8%). Regression analyses showed that independent predictors of COVID-19 vaccination were older age (p < 0.001), higher education level (p = 0.039), knowledge of vaccine production technology, and the belief that vaccinated individuals have milder symptoms of the disease (p = 0.002). Conversely, the belief that the COVID-19 situation was overblown was negatively associated with vaccination (p = 0.004). Conclusions: HCWs had better knowledge, more positive attitudes, and better vaccination practices against COVID-19 in comparison to patients. However, there are still certain dilemmas and hesitations among HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination.