Urbanization of cities demands efficient spatial management. The construction of utility lines significantly alters the spatial landscape. The subsurface space is often neglected, resulting in outdated or absent records of underground utility infrastructure. This clearly underscores the need and importance of maintaining accurate utility records. Modern non-destructive techniques for underground utility detection, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), can enhance the documentation and mapping of subsurface infrastructure. The subject of this paper is the optimization of GPR survey and processing workflows to improve the accuracy of underground utility detection when using the Leica DS2000. The research comprises both theoretical and experimental analyses, including the application of various GPR data collection methods on test sites. The experimental component of the research was conducted using the Leica DS2000 GPR system. The geospatial data were processed using several software applications, including uNext Advanced, IQMaps, and Geolitix. Based on the multicriteria analysis of these results and an assessment of detection accuracy, an optimal workflow (decision diagram) was defined for the detection of underground utility infrastructure using Leica DS2000 under favorable soil conditions. This study explored the feasibility of efficiently updating the cadastral database of public utility infrastructure through non-invasive technologies, thereby contributing to the improvement of subsurface utility infrastructure management.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is the most common neurological disorder associated with brain tumors, which leads to linguistic communication damage. Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities in this population. Objectives: To determine the level of cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in patients with intracranial tumors with and without aphasia. Subjects and methods: A prospective study was conducted on 91 patients with verified brain tumors which were hospitalized at the Clinic for Neurosurgery for one year period. The patients were assessed with Mini Mental State Examination, Beck’s depression inventory, and Beck’s anxiety inventory. The type and severity of aphasia were determined by the Boston Aphasia Test. Results: The highest number of patients, a total of 31 (37.3%), had moderate anxiety disorder. 30 patients (36.1%) had shown symptoms of moderate depression, and 33 (39.7%) had shown mild and moderate cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction were significantly more pronounced in subjects with aphasia.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) occupies a dominant transformational position in a wide range of fields, including education, business, law, medicine, rehabilitation – among others. Despite the controversies regarding the use and abuse of this technology, it is possible for professionals, especially those in education, to reap its benefits for instruction, research, and administrative endeavors. Keeping in mind the ethical concerns and the current limitations of the system, AI can provide substantial assistance to, for example, teachers, students, and scholars. Setting aside fears of this technology, teachers can save time and become more efficient and productive with their administrative and instructional tasks. Teachers can also use AI to improve the academic, communication, and social skills of students, including—and especially--students in special education programs. Students can learn to use AI independently; in fact, AI can help students to become autonomous and critical seekers of knowledge. After highlighting some challenges of using AI, the present manuscript discusses a few benefits of AI for children and adolescence who are d/Deaf and hard of hearing (d/Dhh). The manuscript also contains recommendations for teacher education and future research endeavors.

To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of urgent bronchoscopies due to foreign body aspiration (FBA), we analyzed cases from January 1954 to December 2021. The study included children up to 14 years of age who underwent emergency bronchoscopy on suspicion of a foreign body in the lower respiratory tract. Each patient was assessed for age, sex, nature and location of the foreign body, bronchoscopy findings, complications, and airway involvement. A total of 889 children underwent urgent bronchoscopy over 67 years. Most cases (66.7%) occurred within the first three years of life, and 10.6% involved children under one year of age. Recently, a marked decrease in positive findings in infants has been observed. Boys represented 62.5% of cases. Organic foreign bodies, predominantly pumpkin seeds, were most common. The right bronchus was the predominant location (51%). In the most recent period, multiple-location foreign bodies became more frequent. Both the annual number of bronchoscopies and the proportion of positive findings have declined. During the COVID-19 pandemic, suspicion of FBA and the number of bronchoscopies significantly decreased.

This paper aims to systematically present existing research on cognitive and executive functions, speech and auditory perception, language, literacy, and academic development, and cross-modal reorganization in children with CIs. The methodology included a systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) using keywords related to cognition and CIs. After eliminating duplicates and applying inclusion criteria, an analysis was conducted of relevant references published from 2015 to the present, which were analyzed both in tables and narratively. Research confirms that the cognitive development of children with CIs depends on auditory input and the brain’s ability to integrate information from different sensory modalities. Multisensory and interactive approaches to rehabilitation have the potential to enhance cognitive development and should be further researched and applied in practice.

U ovom radu analizira se odnos socijalne politike prema civilnim žrtvama rata i njihova međusobna korelacija u Bosni i Hercegovini. Krajnji cilj je doći do odgovora na pitanja kako odgovoriti potrebama civilnih žrtava rata kroz kvalitetnu socijalnu politiku u Bosni i Hercegovini. U ostvarivanju socijalne pravde, socijalnih prava, smanjivanju društvene nejednakosti i općoj humanizaciji društva u Bosni i Hercegovini posebnu ulogu ima upravo socijalna politika. S tim u vezi primjenu socijalnih politika u području brige i zaštite civilnih žrtava rata sve više pažnje usmjeravaju na deinstitucionalizaciju i tako nastoje da trendovi u brizi o civilnim žrtvama rata idu prema zbrinjavanju ne na državnom nivou, nego na nivou lokalne zajednice. Ono što bi moglo biti jedno od rješenja ili državnih strateških pravaca jeste razvijanje različitih modela podrške, uz podršku njima najbližih osoba, odnosno podrška primarne socijalne mreže uz podršku države. Činjenica je da se naše društvo mora suočiti sa izazovom kreiranja sistema koji će biti prilagođen i u skladu s potrebama kategorije civilnih žrtava rata. Važan preduslov za poboljšanje statusa i brige o civilnim žrtvama rata jeste kroz primjenu kvalitetne i zakonom utvrđene socijalne politike. Odnos socijalne politike prema kategoriji civilnih žrtava rata je vrlo prisan, samom činjenicom jer se ona bavi raznim društvenim segmentima, a civilne žrtve rata su upravo jedna od najugroženijih društvenih kategorija čija ljudska, socijalna i druga prava, bi se trebala početi primjenjivati onako kako to nalažu i međunarodne konvencije koje su sastavni dio socijalne politike, a ne biti samo mrtvo slovo na papiru.

The integration of technology in correctional facilities represents a paradigm shift in modern prison rehabilitation approaches globally, offering unprecedented opportunities to enhance inmate reintegration while addressing systemic challenges. This research examines the global phenomenon of digital rehabilitation, using the current state and prospects of technology adoption in Albanian prisons as an illustrative case study. By analysing both opportunities for rehabilitation enhancement and implementation challenges, this study highlights the broader implications of digital tools in correctional settings. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent developments from 2020 to 2025, including international cooperation initiatives, this study reveals significant potential for digital transformation in correctional systems. Key findings indicate that technology-enhanced rehabilitation programs can reduce recidivism rates by up to 23% compared to traditional methods, while digital education platforms show 68% success rates versus 35% for conventional approaches. However, implementation faces substantial barriers globally, including high costs (85% impact), ageing infrastructure (78% impact), and staff training requirements (72% impact). The research demonstrates that strategic   technology adoption, supported by international partnerships and phased implementation approaches, can transform prisons into modern rehabilitation-focused institutions. This study contributes to the growing body of international knowledge on correctional technology, providing insights that are transferable to other transitional contexts and informing global policy decisions.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress globally. However, the independent psychological impact of prior COVID-19 infection remains heterogeneous, particularly in primary healthcare populations. This study aimed to examine differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms between individuals with and without a history of COVID-19 infection in a primary healthcare setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 in five family medicine practices in the primary health care facility of Sarajevo Canton. A total of 279 participants without previously diagnosed mental disorders completed an online questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. Multivariable regression models were performed, and propensity score matching (1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, caliper = 0.2) was conducted to address baseline imbalance. Results: No statistically significant independent association was detected between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms in multivariable models. Propensity score matching yielded 84 well-balanced pairs. In the matched sample, no significant differences were observed in GAD-7 (p = 0.229) or PHQ-9 scores (p = 0.139), nor in clinically relevant cut-offs. Female sex and chronic disease were independently associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusions: In this primary healthcare population, we did not observe an independent association between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms after covariate adjustment and propensity score matching. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design, possible exposure misclassification, and residual confounding.

Political discourse attributes the pressure on European welfare systems to foreign nationals. Yet projections of service demand rarely disaggregate service demand by citizenship status. We develop a structural demographic model and project healthcare, education, and housing demand in Austria through 2050, disaggregated by citizenship status and regions across migration scenarios. We find that migration, ageing, and fertility shape each sector differently. In healthcare, the ageing of Austrian nationals contributes 4.7 times more to demand growth than immigration, with the most acute pressures in rural, low-migration regions. In housing, migration accounts for the entire net growth in demand, concentrated in metropolitan hubs. In education, aggregate demand contracts regardless of migration assumptions, whereas future needs are driven more by the births of foreigners in Austria than by new arrivals. Foreign nationals consume services in proportion to their demographic weight, with deviations explained by age structure rather than over-utilisation. These results show that the drivers of service demand are sector-specific: migration restrictions could ease housing pressure, but would not address ageing-driven healthcare demand and may accelerate contraction in the education system.