This literature review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into government systems to support strategic decision-making. It examines how AI can improve decision-making through real-time data analysis, predictive modelling, and suggestions for optimised resource allocation. Using an exploratory approach, this review draws on case studies such as Singapore’s Smart Nation initiative and considers application in urban planning, disaster response, and policy development. Key challenges include data privacy, algorithmic bias, ethical considerations, and the need for robust data governance frameworks. The review is primarily theoretical, assessing existing uses of AI in government and its potential to enhance strategic decision-making. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, transparency, and ethical implementation, while also underscoring the need for appropriate regulation and data protection legislation. Overall, the review aims to provide policymakers with guidance for using AI to support smarter, more efficient, and ethically responsible governance in increasingly complex and data-rich environments.

Periodontitis is an inflammation-driven disease caused by dysbiosis, in which excessive host proteolytic activity contributes to connective tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are key regulators of extracellular matrix turnover and potential molecular targets of photobiomodulation (PBM). This review summarizes the biological basis of MMP/TIMP regulation and critically evaluates the available clinical evidence on the effects of adjunctive PBM on these biomarkers in periodontitis. Ten clinical studies published between 2005 and 2023 were identified, together with one systematic review. The included studies used PBM-compatible protocols or mixed laser studies with a PBM-related arm. Irradiation parameters, treatment schedules, comparator therapies, follow-up duration, and biomarker assessment varied considerably. MMP-8 was the most studied marker, and its levels tended to decrease following periodontal therapy regardless of PBM application. Some studies reported greater decrease with PBM while others reported clinical improvement with no further reductions in MMP-8. Evidence for MMP-1, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and MMP/TIMP ratios was limited and heterogeneous. Changes in biomarker levels did not always correlate with clinical improvements in probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival inflammation, bleeding indices, and early wound healing. In conclusion, PBM may influence MMP-related responses during periodontal healing, but a definite consistent additional effect beyond conventional periodontal therapy has not been established. Future randomized trials should use well-defined non-thermal PBM protocols, identical background periodontal treatment in test and control groups, quantitative assessment of active MMPs and their corresponding TIMPs, and standardized long-term clinical and biochemical follow-up.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occurs with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Comorbid PTSD and AUD is associated with poorer outcomes including worse treatment prognosis and significant physical health consequences. Both PTSD and AUD are polygenic in nature and genetically overlap. Previous work showed negative or non-significant associations between PTSD and alcohol consumption but positive genetic associations between PTSD and AUD. This work highlights the need for more nuanced examination of the similarities and distinctions in the associations between PTSD and alcohol consumption versus AUD. We leveraged the latest large-scale GWAS data to perform a multivariate GWAS of alcohol consumption (ALCC), problematic alcohol use (ALCP), and PTSD using GenomicSEM. Partial genetic correlations revealed that ALCP and PTSD were associated with each other (rG = 0.39, p = 4.38 × 10-60) and with other psychiatric problems, medical conditions, and pain, while ALCC was only weakly correlated with PTSD (rG = -0.08, p = 2.03 × 10-4) and uncorrelated with most traits after accounting for its genetic overlap with ALCP and PTSD. We examined associations between GenomicSEM-derived polygenic scores (PGS) and their corresponding phenotypes in participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). PGS for ALCC were unrelated to PTSD diagnosis and PGS for PTSD were unrelated to drinks in a typical week. PTSD is more strongly related to alcohol problems, and much of the overlap in PTSD and consumption is accounted for by its overlap with alcohol problems. These results help demonstrate the complex partial overlaps of PTSD, AUD, and alcohol consumption.

This study investigates the socioemotional wealth model in which identification of family members with the firm, their emotional attachment to the firm, and renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession mediate the relationship between family control and influence and firm performance. Drawing on Upper Echelons Theory as a theoretical rationale, we argue that family control relates to affective, relational, and temporal orientations in family firms that, in turn, shape firm performance. The study uses cross-sectional data from 252 family businesses across five Western Balkan countries awaiting accession to the European Union. Data were collected using convenience sampling and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Among socioemotional wealth dimensions, only the binding social ties dimension was excluded during pretesting because it did not demonstrate acceptable reliability and validity. Results show that the extent of family control and influence is positively related to identification of family members with the firm, their emotional attachment to the firm, and renewal of family bonds through the dynastic succession. Further, identification of family members with the firm and renewal of family bonds through dynastic succession positively relate to family firm performance. Finally, the results indicate that identification of family members with the firm mediates the relationship between family control and influence and family firm performance. The study utilizes the reduced FIBER scale (FIER) to capture the socioemotional wealth in an underresearched European context, while combining the socioemotional wealth model and Upper Echelons Theory to explain the capacity-orientation-outcome model in which family's discretion in decision-making stemming from family control and influence relates to family-centric orientations, shaping family firm performance.

Juvenile victims of crime face the risk of secondary traumatization during court proceedings. In practice, the selection of protective measures often depends on judges' subjective decisions rather than systematic evaluation. This research addresses this issue by developing a decision-support system to select protective measures for juvenile victims of crime in Montenegro. Here, 22 experts from the justice and social protection systems evaluated 6 protective measures against 10 criteria using a fuzzy approach. The results of the fuzzy SiWeC (Simple Weight Calculation) method show that experts prioritize Additional trauma prevention, Recovery support, and Physical safety as the most important criteria. The results of the fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method show that professional support emerged as the highest-rated protective measure, followed by video-link testimony and identity anonymization. Sensitivity analysis indicates that no single measure fits all cases; thus, the choice should be tailored to the specific needs and circumstances of each case. This research offers a transparent, repeatable framework for judges and social workers when making decisions about protective measures. It contributes to more consistent protection for juvenile victims. The findings also have direct implications for legislative reform, resource allocation, and professional training in Montenegro to better assist juvenile victims of crime.

This review summarizes the current World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung tumors, emphasizing key morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features relevant to diagnosis and management. REVIEW: Primary pulmonary tumors comprise a heterogeneous spectrum of neoplasms with distinct morphological, immunophenotypic, molecular, and clinical characteristics. The current WHO classification integrates traditional histopathological assessment with immunohistochemical and molecular findings, reflecting advances in our understanding of tumor biology and the growing importance of precision medicine. This review summarizes the major categories of primary pulmonary tumors, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinomas, neuroendocrine neoplasms, salivary gland-type tumors, and mesenchymal tumors specific to the lung, as well as selected rare pulmonary neoplasms. Particular attention is given to the defining morphological characteristics and diagnostic criteria of individual tumor entities, relevant immunohistochemical profiles, and recurrent molecular alterations with diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. The challenges of diagnosing pulmonary tumors in small biopsies and cytological specimens are also addressed, with an emphasis on the judicious use of immunohistochemistry and preservation of tissues for molecular testing. CONCLUSION: Accurate classification of primary pulmonary tumors requires the integration of morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular findings within the framework of the current WHO Classification of Thoracic Tumors. Recognition of the characteristic morphological and immunophenotypic features, together with appropriate molecular characterization, is essential for precise diagnosis and optimal patient management. Continued advances in molecular pathology are expected to further refine pulmonary tumor classification and contribute to increasingly personalized therapeutic strategies.

PDE foundation models enable data-efficient adaptation but are deployed autoregressively, so short-horizon accuracy need not imply reliable simulation. We ask whether the short-horizon advantage of a foundation-model recipe persists when its predictions are repeatedly fed back as inputs for a long horizon. We define error amplification as G=E(H_f)/E(H_s), which measures full-horizon error relative to short-horizon error. We evaluate seven models on seven two-dimensional time-dependent PDE datasets: scratch-trained FNO and DeepONet; fine-tuned DPOT, GPhyT, Poseidon, and Walrus; and frozen in-context VICON. We report VRMSE, relative L_2, and relative MAE. Six datasets provide paired short- and full-horizon scores, while CE-RM contributes short-rollout sweeps only. At least one fine-tuned foundation model outperforms both scratch baselines in 26 of 30 short-rollout dataset--budget cells under every metric. Nevertheless, full-horizon VRMSE exceeds short-horizon VRMSE in 140 of 144 paired trained configurations, with a median error amplification of $2.04$. The count below VRMSE one falls from 104 to 53, and 12 full rollouts exceed ten although none does at the short horizon. Walrus achieves the lowest full-horizon VRMSE in 16 of 24 cells, yet its median error amplification is $2.70$. Relative L_2 and relative MAE show the same qualitative pattern. These results show that favorable short-horizon rankings can coexist with substantial error amplification. PDE foundation-model benchmarks should therefore report horizon-resolved absolute errors, amplification statistics, and failure incidence rather than a single local forecast score.

Agile metrics support empirical management in modern Information Technology (IT) projects. However, their interpretation and practical use depend strongly on project context, organizational maturity, and the selected development approach. This paper provides a structured analysis of agile metrics and develops an integrated approach to their contextual selection in IT projects. Using a design-oriented synthesis of relevant literature and official framework documentation, the study classifies agile metrics by measurement domain, including product, process, quality, project, and resource metrics, and by managerial purpose. Their application is analyzed across widely used agile approaches and frameworks, including Scrum, Kanban, Lean, the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe), and the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM). Based on this analysis, the paper proposes a structured CPV (Context-Purpose-Value) matrix that supports decisions about which metric groups and key performance indicators (KPIs) to prioritize by jointly considering project context, measurement purpose, and dominant value dimensions. A scenario-based application illustrates how the matrix can be used to derive and interpret a context-specific metric set without implying universal applicability. The synthesis indicates that no single metric can adequately represent overall IT project success. Instead, project performance should be evaluated through a combination of metrics addressing project efficiency, user impact, business success, and future readiness. The proposed framework supports a more balanced and context-aware use of agile metrics but requires external empirical validation.

Each local community has distinct traditions and customs that define its cultural heritage and make it recognizable. This paper examines how cultural heritage can strengthen and develop rural tourism. To do so, a model was developed to assess the extent to which cultural heritage is integrated into tourism activities in rural areas. The model includes seven rural households in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) engaged in rural tourism, along with ten criteria for evaluating them. Using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), the importance of the criteria and the selected rural households were first assessed through expert evaluation. The results of fuzzy LMAW (Logarithmic Methodology of Additive Weights) indicate that attractiveness (C9) and economic potential (C7) are the most important criteria for evaluating rural households. Ranking the rural households using the fuzzy RAWEC (Ranking of Alternatives with Weights of Criterion) method shows that the Ibrišimović household is the most successful example of integrating cultural heritage into rural tourism offerings. This research offers a new approach to valuing cultural heritage in tourism and aims to support the continued development of rural tourism in BiH through sustainable practices.

Uvod: Radiološki odjeli koriste nekoliko dijagnostičkih modaliteta snimanja s jonizirajućim zračenjem u dijagnostičke svrhe. Najčešći izvori jonizirajućeg zračenja su radiografija, kompjuterizirana tomografija, mamografija, i angiografija. Iako su doze jonizirajućeg zračenja koje se koriste relativno niske, s rastućim brojem populacije izložene zračenju više puta tokom života, svako nepotrebno snimanje moglo bi dovesti do zdravstvenih problema u budućnosti. Poslednjih godina, broj radioloških snimanja za dijagnostičke i terapijske procedure znatno se povećao. Cilj: Na osnovu dostupne literature, analizirati značaj edukacije pacijenata i zdravstvenih profesionalaca o rizicima jonizujućeg zračenja i zaštitnim mjerama tokom radioloških pregleda, s ciljem unapređenja sigurnosne prakse i smanjenja nepotrebnog izlaganja zračenju. Materijal i metode rada: Provedena je analitička studija pregledom dostupne naučne literature u relevantnim bazama podataka (PubMed, Medline i Google Scholar), upotrebom ključnih riječi “Radiation protection”, “ALARA”, “Ionizing radiation”. Rezultati: Nedostatak edukacije pacijenata o jonizirajućem zračenju proizilazi iz nedovoljne komunikacije od strane zdravstvenih radnika i nedostatka sveobuhvatnih informacija o rizicima i koristima radiološkog snimanja. U više od 70% slučajeva pacijenti ne dobiju informacije o rizicima prije pregleda, a 74,7% nikada nije razgovaralo sa ljekarom o rizicima zračenja. Čak 44% ispitanika zdravstvenih radnika pogrešno smatra da magnetna rezonanca i ultrazvuk emituju jonizirajuće zračenje. Velika većina pacijenata (84,7%) smatra da bi informacija o primljenoj dozi trebala biti obavezan dio medicinskog izvještaja. U opštoj populaciji samo 9,2% ispitanika ima dobro znanje o jonizirajućem zračenju. Zaključak: Potrebno je provoditi više programa podizanja svijesti kako bi se unaprijedila edukacija pacijenata i zdravstvenih radnika o rizicima jonizujućeg zračenja i mjerama zaštite, te time smanjilo nepotrebno izlaganje i poboljšala sigurnost u radiološkoj praksi.

Uvod: Semikvantitativna metoda u nuklearnoj medicini predstavlja metodu koja kombinuje vizuelnu procjenu scintigrafskih snimaka sa numeričkim parametrima izvedenim iz definisanih regija od interesa. Za razliku od kvalitativnih metoda, ova metoda uvodi objektivne, reproducibilne mjere koje smanjuju varijabilnost i povećavaju dijagnostičku tačnost analizom krivulja vremenske aktivnosti i jačine signala. Cilj: Komparirati vrijednost jačine signala i krivulje vremenske aktivnosti sa kliničkim nalazom ljekara specijaliste, te ispitati dijagnostičku vrijednost u razlikovanju uredne funkcije od hipofunkcije pljuvačnih žlijezda. Metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 10 pacijenata (70% žena, 30% muškarci; prosječna dob 44,7± 12,3 godina) koji su obavili dinamsku scintigrafiju pljuvačnih žlijezda na uređaju SPECT/CT Discovery 670 NM/CT. Obrada scintigrama provedena je na Xeleris Workstation. Statistička analiza uključivala je Mann-Whitney U test, Fisherov egzaktni test i ROC analizu (IBM SPSS Statistics). Rezultati: Pacijenti s urednim nalazom imali su statistički značajno višu jačinu signala parotidnih žlijezda u poređenju s pacijentima s hipofunkcijom (p=0,032). ROC analizom utvrđena je odlična dijagnostička moć jačine signala parotidnih žlijezda (AUC=0,920) i obje grupe žlijezda (AUC=0,920), te dobra dijagnostička moć za submandibularne žlijezde (AUC=0,840). Vizuelnom analizom krivulja vremenske aktivnosti potvrđena je statistički značajna korelacija odgovora submandibularnih žlijezda na stimulans s kliničkim nalazom ljekara (p=0,048). Zaključak: Semikvantitativna metoda u analizi dinamske scintigrafije pljuvačnih žljezda pokazuje dobru do odličnu korelaciju sa standardnim kliničkim nalazom ljekara specijaliste. Rezultati podržavaju klinički značaj semikvantitativne metode u dijagnostici hipofunkcije pljuvačnih žlijezda, naročito u slučaju Sjogrenovog sindroma.