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Healthcare organizations operate in environments characterized by high job demands, resource constraints, and increasing service expectations. Under such conditions, sustaining employee work engagement becomes essential for maintaining service quality, employee well-being, and organizational performance. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) framework, this study examines the role of managerial competencies as organizational resources that may stimulate employee work engagement in healthcare institutions. The primary objective of this research is to investigate whether managerial competencies significantly predict employee work engagement and to determine the relative contribution of specific competency dimensions. The study focuses on five managerial competency domains: leadership, communication, strategic, operational, and emotional intelligence competencies. Data were collected through a survey conducted among 201 employees working in public and private healthcare institutions in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Work engagement was measured using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), while managerial competencies were assessed using a competency-based evaluation instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modeling.

Climate change affects all sectors, with a particularly significant impact on agricultural production. Therefore, agricultural production must adapt to these changes, and adaptive strategies for managing agricultural production should be applied. This research evaluates which adaptive strategies yield the best results in agricultural production in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia through expert decision-making. In doing so, the interval type-2 fuzzy set (IF2S) is applied, using symmetric fuzzy numbers through the membership function. The results obtained by applying IF2S M-SiWeC (Modified Simple Weight Calculation) show that the criteria of the greatest importance are yield stability and climate risk reduction. The ranking of the six selected adaptive strategies is carried out using the IF2S MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation area Comparison) method, which indicates that agricultural production diversification and adaptive water management strategies provide the best results according to expert assessments. These results are confirmed by additional analyses, including comparative analysis and sensitivity analysis. The contribution of this research is reflected in proposing guidelines on the adaptive strategies that should be applied in practice in agricultural production in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change.

This study reconstructs the formation, spatial evolution, and institutional development of the quarter (mahalle) founded around the mesjid of Kalin Haji Ali in Sarajevo during the 16th and 17th centuries. Drawing on a broad corpus of Ottoman archival sources, including the Bosnian Sanjak register of 1563/65, court records (sijils), and later cadastral surveys, alongside relevant modern scholarship, the research clarifies the genesis of this urban micro-unit by systematically examining its identification in the documentation, its spatial configuration, and its shifting toponymic layers. A particular focus is placed on the waqf established by Kalin Haji Ali, the administrative and legal mechanisms through which his mesjid attained the status of a mosque, and the ways in which the endowment’s assets shaped the social and physical development of the emerging neighbourhood. The urban landscape of Sarajevo was decisively structured by a dense network of waqf institutions founded by members of the urban elite. Through the establishment of religious, educational, commercial, and communal facilities, these endowments not only organised the city’s-built environment but also played a central role in configuring social relations, patterns of neighbourhood (mahalle) formation, and modes of communal interaction. Within this broader framework, the waqf of Kalin Haji Ali stands out as a representative example of the mechanisms through which a single philanthropic initiative could generate a lasting urban nucleus. Situated on the right bank of the Miljacka River, the mesjid he founded became the focal point of a new quarter, whose gradual consolidation reflects both the dynamics of urban expansion and the processes by which peripheral zones were incorporated into the fabric of the early modern city. A significant historiographical challenge has long been the precise identification of this quarter, given the existence of several Sarajevo quarters named after individuals bearing the name Haji Ali. By employing a comparative methodology and cross-referencing multiple source groups, this study resolves these ambiguities and reconstructs the neighborhood’s emergence, demographic profile, and spatial boundaries. The quarter was located in the area of the present-day National Theatre and bordered the quarters of Haje Kemal, Ayas Pasha, Haji Idris, and Haji Mahmud Bali. Archival evidence from the later 16th century indicates that parts of this zone were still covered in woodland vegetation, demonstrating that its urbanisation proceeded gradually. The continued use of local toponyms such as Pokrovnik and Čajirdžik (small meadow) alongside the official quarter name reveals the persistence of older topographic traditions and the survival of collective memory regarding the site’s pre-urban landscape. Although the original waqfiye has not survived, other Ottoman documents permit a reliable reconstruction of the waqf’s holdings. These included a mosque, a maktab, 14,000 silver coins (akçe) in cash, and several revenue-generating shops whose income funded the salaries of religious and educational personnel. Subsequent donations by affluent townspeople, including women such as Nevbihe Hatun, augmented the endowment’s capital base and ensured stable financial support for children’s education. By integrating dispersed archival evidence into a coherent analytical framework, the study demonstrates that the quarter of Kalin Haji Ali offers a paradigmatic illustration of the dynamics underpinning the formation of early urban micro-structures. Its development provides valuable insight into the processes of urbanisation, community organisation, and institutional life in Sarajevo during the 16th and 17th centuries.

ABSTRACT Background The preschool years are a crucial period for development. Stable environments and responsive caregivers support children's cognitive and motor development, two interrelated and essential domains. Caregiver smartphone use in front of children may reduce attention and responsiveness, which have been negatively associated with young children's health and development. We examined associations between the frequency of caregiver smartphone use in a child's presence and motor skills and executive functions, and whether these associations vary by country income level. Methods We analysed cross‐sectional data from 27 countries participating in the SUNRISE International Study. Caregivers reported the frequency of smartphone use in the child's presence across five scenarios: mealtime, playtime, travel, walk and bedtime routines. Children's motor skills were assessed using four established tests. Early Years Toolbox games were used to assess children's visual–spatial working memory and inhibition. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to assess the associations, including interaction terms to test variation by country income level. Models were adjusted for the child's sex, age, daily screen time, time spent outdoors, sleep duration and the caregiver's highest level of education. Results The analytical sample included 2232 preschoolers (mean age = 4.2 ± 0.6 years, 50.9% girls). In fully adjusted models, the frequency of caregiver smartphone use in a child's presence was not associated with gross motor skills, fine motor skills, visual–spatial working memory or inhibition (all p > 0.05). Results did not differ by country income level. Conclusions Findings suggest that the frequency of caregiver smartphone use in a child's presence alone may not be associated with performance on motor skills and executive function. There is a need for more sensitive measures that capture the frequency, duration and context of interruptions and more longitudinal studies that examine motor development and cognition. Future research should also account for socioeconomic and demographic diversity, environmental factors and cultural context when assessing such associations.

Nanoplastics have recently been detected in human liver tissue, raising concerns about their potential impact on liver function. However, early hepatocyte responses associated with nanoplastics exposure remain poorly understood. Here, we combined high-throughput Cell Painting-based phenomics, untargeted metabolomics, and Seahorse mitochondrial functional assay to investigate the effects of 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics on human HepaRG hepatocytes, a surrogate for primary human hepatocytes. At the tested concentrations (6.25-100 µg/mL), exposure did not induce overt cytotoxicity, enabling assessment of early sublethal cellular responses. Phenomics revealed widespread subcellular perturbations, with 16.4% of the measured phenotypic features significantly altered. Mitochondria-associated features represented the dominant altered phenotypic signature, showing pronounced changes in granularity, texture, and radial distribution, alongside alterations in endoplasmic reticulum- and cytoskeleton-associated features. Untargeted metabolomics of intracellular metabolites and the extracellular secretome revealed metabolic alterations, characterized by changes consistent with altered β-oxidation, lipid handling, membrane stress, and central carbon metabolism, including changes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid catabolism. Pathway analysis identified the TCA cycle as one of the most significantly affected pathways (FDR = 0.028). Integrated phenomic-metabolomic analysis revealed strong correlations between mitochondrial phenotypic features and metabolites involved in lipid and energy metabolism, indicating a coordinated structural-metabolic response to polystyrene nanoplastics exposure. Functional assessment using Seahorse assay showed reduced basal and maximal respiration and decreased ATP-linked O2 consumption. Together, these findings provide evidence that 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics elicit early mitochondria-associated phenotypic, metabolic, and functional responses prior to overt cytotoxicity under the tested conditions. They also highlight the value of phenomic-metabolomic-functional integration for profiling sublethal nanotoxicological responses and guiding future targeted mechanistic studies.

Efficient generation of entangled photons typically relies on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in phase-matched macroscopic nonlinear media. However, generating entanglement under phase-matching constraints requires additional bulk optics or interferometers. In contrast, ultrathin van der Waals semiconductors - such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) - exhibit strong enough optical nonlinearities for SPDC to be observed from subwavelength-thick media, thereby bypassing conventional phase-matching constraints. In this microscopic domain, the intrinsic crystal symmetry governs the nonlinear optical response, enabling the native generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs. However, generating these states efficiently has been fundamentally restricted by the material's coherence length ($L_c$), which limits the attainable conversion efficiency. Here, we investigate periodically-poled TMDs (PPTMDs) designed to scale up this interaction via quasi-phase matching. We demonstrate that mechanically flipping the sign of the nonlinearity at precise intervals of $L_c$ introduces quasi-phase matching, that scales the pair-production rate while preserving the pristine, symmetry-generated polarization entanglement, with fidelities exceeding 99%. Backed by a rigorous theoretical model, our work clarifies the interplay between crystal symmetry and propagation effects in thin nonlinear media, providing a new avenue for engineering quantum light in nanophotonic systems.

Modern power systems are increasingly under stress as aging assets approach retirement and load growth outpaces new generation construction. The severity of this challenge varies by region: in the EU, the transmission grid can partially compensate for local generation shortfalls, while in the US, generation tends to be more localized, making retirements harder to offset. Retirement of generation has consequences for system reserves, fuel supply chain, and public health. We present an high-performance computing (HPC) framework for rapidly assessing the grid importance of individual generating units and ranking them by primary fuel type, operating cost, or grid impact. Historically, such studies were computationally intensive and therefore conducted infrequently. This work demonstrates that such assessments can be completed in minutes, enabling planners to evaluate a much broader range of generation portfolio scenarios than was previously possible.

Elevated particulate matter (PM) concentrations pose severe health risks, necessitating green infrastructure mitigation. While deposition is well documented, wind-induced remobilization remains insufficiently quantified. This study establishes a size-fractionated (PM1–2.5 and PM2.5–10) wind-induced resuspension and net removal values for six Central European shrub and climbing species (Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Hedera helix, Viburnum opulus, Viburnum lantana, Ligustrum ovalifolium, and Cornus mas) under controlled laboratory conditions. Following standardized aerosol chamber loading, leaves were subjected to constant, laminar airflow velocity of 3 m/s. Numerical quantification of particle counts per unit area (cm2) was performed via scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron signal processing. Results demonstrate significant interspecific variations. Parthenocissus quinquefolia was most efficient, retaining the highest particle counts (121.6 × 103 particles/cm2 for PM2.5–10) and achieving net removal rates of 46.3% and 60.5% for PM1–2.5 and PM2.5–10, respectively, relative to initial deposition. Cornus mas exhibited the lowest net removal efficiency for coarse particles (21.2% for PM2.5–10), while Hedera helix showed the highest fractional resuspension rates (k = 1.93 × 10−4 ∙ s−1 and 2.01 × 10−4 ∙ s−1, respectively). These species-specific traits are vital for optimizing urban green infrastructure. Ultimately, these findings provide actionable recommendations for targeted plant selection to maximize urban air purification.

Laboratory diagnostics of iron homeostasis during pregnancy typically rely on routine parameters, which often inadequately reflect the actual maternal iron status. This study aimed to evaluate the investigative and diagnostic utility of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and ferroportin (Fpn) concentrations as key indicators of iron dysregulation in women with normal early pregnancy and those experiencing missed abortion. These primary biomarkers were assessed in conjunction with standard laboratory parameters of iron status across the study groups. Notably, Fpn concentration had not previously been determined in women with either normal or abnormal pregnancies. The study enrolled 45 women with missed abortion and 45 women with normal first-trimester pregnancies. Peripheral blood concentrations of iron (Fe), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), transferrin, and sTfR were measured using automated analyzers, while hepcidin and Fpn were quantified using ELISA kits. Transferrin saturation (TSAT), the sTfR/log ferritin index (sTfR-F index), and the ferroportin to soluble transferrin receptor ratio (Fpn/sTfR) were calculated. In the missed abortion group, Fpn (p < 0.001), Fe (p = 0.008), TSAT (p = 0.018), and Fpn/sTfR (p < 0.001) were significantly decreased, whereas sTfR (p = 0.001) and the sTfR-F index (p = 0.003) were significantly increased compared to women with normal pregnancies. Proposed multiparameter models incorporating sTfR and Fpn, or sTfR, hepcidin, and Fpn, accurately classified over 80% of cases and demonstrated excellent area under the curve (AUC) values of approximately 0.9. These findings indicate that Fpn and sTfR may serve as valuable investigative biomarkers for identifying dysregulation of iron homeostasis in early pregnancy.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important plant viruses because of its negative impact on agriculture production. This widespread pathogen has a very wide range of hosts, and it infects more than 1300 plant species, including crops, vegetables, ornamentals and weeds. According to the literature, it has been experimentally confirmed that cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted by the seeds of the following plant species: Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Spinacia oleracea, Lycopersicon esculentum, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita melo, Cucurbita moshata, Echynocistis lobata, Lupinus angustifolus, Spergula arvensis, Vinga unguiculata, Stellaria media, Lamium purpureum, Cerastium holostioides, Senecio vulgaris and Portulaca oleracea. In this study, the possibility of CMV transmission by seeds of naturally infected Chelidonium majus L. (greater celandine) plants was investigated.Investigation in naturally infected plants greater celandine was performed by DAS-ELISA test and RT-PCR. The virus was detected in plants grown from infected seeds by biological methods and DAS-ELISA test. The results of experimental research has shown that the cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted by the greater celandine seeds. This is the first data concerning CMV transmission by Chelidonium majus L. seeds.