Hydatidiform mole, the most common form of gestational trophoblastic disease, presents as complete or partial form. Complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) usually presents with prominent histological criteria, whereas partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) shows a wide spectrum of presentations depending on gestational age. Molecular markers enhance the understanding of the variation and heterogeneous presentation of molar pregnancies, as well as their biological potential and behavior. This retrospective study included 50 CHM and 50 PHM specimens, terminated in first trimester via suction curettage. A second histopathological review of slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin was conducted, as well as a selection of representative tissue slides for p53 immunostaining. This study aimed to determine the precise correlation between specific morphological criteria and the patterns of p53 immunoexpression. Semi-quantitative analysis of samples for both pathological criteria and p53 immunostaining was performed. p53 positivity was defined as follow: the percentage of positive cells/nuclei: + (10-40%); ++ (40-70%); +++ (>70%); and staining intensity was scored as: 1 – weak, 2 – moderate, and 3 – strong intensity. P53 expression was estimated on at least 200 nuclei of cytotrophoblasts per slide. Significant difference in p53 expression exist between CHM and PHM in staining intensity. CHM shows significant correlation of p53 positivity with hydrops, central cisterns and atypia. In PHM trophoblast pseudoinclusions demonstrate strong significant correlation with p53 positivity. The irregular pseudoinclusions demonstrate lower expression compared with round or oval, being consistent with benign behavior of PHM. Prominent morphological criteria strongly correlate with p53 immunoexpression for both CHM and PHM.

This study examines the key competencies required of teachers in contemporary education and their role in preparing future generations. These competencies are widely recognized as foundational to societal development across multiple domains. In this context, the 4Cs model in initial teacher education was developed to establish conceptual and pedagogical preconditions for integrating critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication competencies into teacher education programs. The study investigated the perceptions of students enrolled in teacher education programs at the University of Sarajevo regarding instructional activities through which university teachers foster and develop 4Cs competencies in higher education teaching. The findings indicate that, from the students’ perspective, instructional activities most strongly support the development of communication competency, followed by critical thinking and collaboration, whereas creativity is the least consistently fostered. This finding suggests that the integration of 4Cs competencies in higher education remains predominantly declarative rather than transformative, revealing a gap between curricular expectations and pedagogical practice. Furthermore, the results indicate a highly significant correlation between instructional activities fostering critical thinking and creativity. Significant correlations were also observed among the other competency scales, indicating that these competencies are interrelated and mutually reinforcing rather than developed in isolation. These findings highlight practical implications for teacher education programs.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous joint disorder traditionally considered mechanically driven; however, evidence indicates that inflammatory mechanisms contribute to symptom expression. Exploratory analyses of peripheral biomarkers may provide insights into systemic inflammation in symptomatic knee OA, but formal phenotypic validation requires dedicated clustering or longitudinal studies. Objective: To examine associations between clinical pain, functional impairment, and circulating inflammatory biomarkers in patients with knee OA compared with healthy controls. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, patients aged 40–80 years with radiographically confirmed knee OA and chronic knee pain were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Pain intensity and functional status were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Circulating inflammatory biomarkers, including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, were quantified using multiplex immunoassays. Statistical analyses included adjusted linear regression models, with age and BMI as covariates, and multiple testing correction using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure (FDR alpha error 5%). Results: OA patients exhibited higher circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, TNFSF13, TNFSF13B, and pentraxin-3 compared with controls (p < 0.01). No significant sex differences were observed. KOOSs correlated with IL-6 and IL-10 levels, suggesting an association between systemic inflammatory activity and functional limitation. All findings are presented as exploratory and associative. Conclusions: Patients with knee OA display systemic inflammatory biomarker differences associated with pain and functional impairment. These results support the role of inflammation in OA symptoms within an exploratory framework. Larger, longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these observations.

This paper presents two offline, on-premise NLP proof-of-concept assistants built on a shared architecture for internal knowledge access in the Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina: (i) a semantic document search tool for internal Word/PDF repositories and (ii) an HR chatbot that applies retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) over indexed HR policies and procedures. Rather than proposing a novel NLP method, the paper contributes by documenting a reusable offline architecture for institutional AI assistants in a security-constrained central banking environment and by providing pilot evidence on how established semantic retrieval and RAG techniques can be adapted to strict requirements of confidentiality, data sovereignty, and governance. The semantic search assistant combines exact phrase matching with embedding-based retrieval and hybrid re-ranking, while the HR chatbot generates source-grounded answers using locally hosted language models under explicit governance constraints, including B/H/S-only output, strict fallback behaviour, and transparent display of retrieved passages. Pilot results indicate that hybrid retrieval offers the most reliable performance across representative internal queries, while the HR chatbot demonstrates the feasibility of document-grounded employee support under offline institutional constraints. The findings provide preliminary evidence that offline NLP assistants can improve access to internal institutional knowledge while remaining compatible with the security and operational risk requirements typical of central banking environments.

The Sarajevo ion accelerator (SARAI) benefits from the successful transfer of the CERN’s 750 MHz radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) technology, adapted for societal and medical applications. SARAI incorporates an industrial electron cyclotron resonance supernanogan ion source operating at 14.5 GHz, designed to generate alpha particles and ions that can be used for ion beam analysis and experimental and applied physics research. The system is equipped with a 4-electrode extraction subsystem capable of extracting and focusing multiple ion species at voltages up to 30 kV. The source is being optimized at CERN for injection into a 750 MHz RFQ, initially with protons, followed by helium and carbon ions. This paper reports on the progress of a novel idea of integrating a supernanogan ECR ion source with the RFQ to get higher currents than currently achievable in the emerging domain of compact linacs for societal applications. The project is in its infancy, so this paper focuses on the source commissioning preparation, reports on the initial high voltage holding tests on the source extraction system in vacuum, and discusses further plans and applications.

This study investigates early‐age carbonate mineralization in cementitious systems using in situ Raman microspectroscopy. In the presence of dissolved CO 2 , clinker phases undergo accelerated dissolution, decomposing to form various calcium carbonate polymorphs and a transient amorphous silica gel network. Once the available CO 2 is consumed, clinker hydration resumes, leading to delayed calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) and portlandite (Ca(OH) 2 ) formation. The precipitation of portlandite through the pore network triggers a localized pozzolanic reaction at the silica gel–portlandite interface, yielding a distinct calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H*). This templated mechanism produces a homogeneous and highly polymerized binder, leading to improved 24‐h compressive strength compared to reference samples. Correlation function analysis confirms that the evolution of silica gel, portlandite, and C–S–H follows a three‐stage sequence— mineralization , transition , and stabilization— quantitatively demonstrating a strong spatial anticorrelation between silica gel dissolution and portlandite precipitation. These findings establish a new chemomechanical framework for CO 2 mineralization in cement, highlighting transient silica gel as a critical intermediate for engineering sustainable, high‐performance concrete.

Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LEO) was obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried flowers collected in the Mostar region (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Its chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, revealing a camphor content of 16.96%, substantially higher than the maximum value specified in the European Pharmacopoeia. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using quantitative suspension tests according to EN 1276 and EN 1650 under simulated “dirty” conditions with organic load (bovine albumin, 3 g/L) and a 5 min contact time. High-concentration LEO (80% w/v) exhibited strong bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and yeasticidal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (>5 log10 CFU/mL reduction for bacteria, >4 log10 CFU/mL reduction for yeast), but was ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541. Lower concentrations (1.0% and 0.1% w/v) showed no bactericidal and yeasticidal activity, highlighting LEO’s efficacy limits. Antioxidant activity, assessed by DPPH radical scavenging, was dose- and time-dependent. Molecular docking provided insight into the interaction of major constituents with selected microbial and antioxidant-related targets. These findings highlight both the potential and limitations of LEO as a renewable bio-based resource for sustainable disinfectant formulations while emphasizing the importance of chemical composition and regulatory compliance.

Objective: To evaluate the level of insight into illness in patients with schizophrenia and its associations with demographic factors, clinical symptoms, executive functions, and selected metabolic parameters. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV criteria. Participants were divided into two groups based on the median score of the Self-Appraisal of Illness Questionnaire (SAIQ): preserved insight (n=30) and impaired insight (n=30). Positive symptoms were assessed with the Positive Symptoms Rating Scale (PSRS), negative symptoms with the Brief Negative Symptom Assessment (BNSA), executive functions with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale-II (WB-II) subscales. Metabolic parameters included body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results: Patients with impaired insight exhibited significantly higher positive (PSRS: 28.5±4.2 vs 18.3±3.1; p<0.001) and negative symptoms (BNSA: 35.2±5.6 vs 22.1±4.0; p<0.001), poorer executive performance (WCST total score: 45.6±8.9 vs 68.4±7.2; p<0.001), higher BMI (28.7±3.4 vs 24.5±2.8; p<0.01), and elevated blood pressure values. SAIQ total score negatively correlated with positive (r=–0.62; p<0.001) and negative symptoms (r=–0.58; p<0.001), illness duration (r=–0.45; p<0.01), and positively with years of education (r=0.48; p<0.01) and WCST score (r=0.52; p<0.001). Regression analysis showed that negative symptoms (β=–0.41; p<0.001) and executive dysfunction (β=–0.35; p<0.01) were the strongest independent predictors of poor insight (R²=0.62). Conclusion: Impaired insight in schizophrenia is strongly associated with greater psychopathological burden, neurocognitive deficits (especially executive dysfunction), and metabolic disturbances. These findings support the implementation of integrated therapeutic strategies targeting insight, cognition, and cardiometabolic health to improve long-term outcomes.

We identify a novel next-to-leading order renormalization effect in the dimension-six SMEFT with direct phenomenological impact. The Higgs-Yukawa operator that modifies the top-Higgs coupling $\kappa_t$ induces a shift in the $ W $ mass at two-loop order through a large anomalous dimension, rendering electroweak precision observables a powerful indirect probe of $\kappa_t$. We show that this effect is essential for the consistent interpretation of data from future Tera-$Z$ and Giga-$W$ factories such as FCC-ee. The effect is realized in a simple renormalizable two-Higgs doublet model.

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is frequently reported in peripheral neuropathies, but its prevalence and clinical correlates in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) remain poorly defined. We aimed to determine RLS prevalence in CMT1A and HNPP and to assess associations with disease severity, muscle strength, disability, and quality of life (QoL). Methods Forty‐seven CMT1A and 18 HNPP patients were included. RLS was diagnosed according to the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria, and RLS severity was assessed with the International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale (IRLS‐SS). MRC Sum Score (MRC‐SS), Charcot–Marie‐Tooth Examination Score (CMTES), Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale (ONLS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) were recorded. Results RLS was present in 29.8% of CMT1A and 38.9% of HNPP patients. CMT1A patients with RLS had longer disease duration (p = 0.05), worse muscle strength (p = 0.014), higher disease severity (p = 0.014), higher upper‐limb (p = 0.005) and overall disability (p = 0.011), and higher fatigue severity (p = 0.011) compared with those without RLS. HNPP patients with RLS showed higher upper‐limb (p = 0.034) and overall disability (p = 0.032), higher depression (p = 0.005), and fatigue severity (p = 0.018) than those without RLS. QoL was significantly impaired in patients with RLS in both groups, and RLS severity negatively correlated with physical and mental QoL domains. Interpretation RLS is common in CMT1A and HNPP and is associated with increased disease severity, greater functional disability, and reduced QoL. Clinicians should screen for RLS in PMP22‐related neuropathies and consider symptomatic management.

Kounis syndrome (KS) describes the occurrence of acute coronary syndromes precipitated by allergic, hypersensitivity, or anaphylactic reactions and represents a unique intersection between immunologic activation and cardiovascular disease. The epidemiology of KS is likely underestimated due to diagnostic overlap with other cardiac and allergic conditions and limited awareness across medical specialties. This narrative review focuses on the distinctive features of KS in special populations, emphasizing how patients’ age, comorbidities, immune status, and vascular substrate modify presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes. In elderly patients, polypharmacy, increased plaque vulnerability, and endothelial dysfunction favor Type II and III KS. Pediatric cases, although rare, are predominantly Type I and strongly associated with food allergies, insect stings, vaccines, and antibiotics, with under-recognition driven by diagnostic bias and ethical concerns surrounding invasive testing. Patients with coronary stents, cardiac devices, chronic kidney disease, and those receiving dialysis exhibit heightened susceptibility due to chronic inflammation, foreign-body hypersensitivity, and prothrombotic states. Pregnancy and the peripartum period represent a unique immuno-hemodynamic milieu in which Th2 immune shift, increased coronary vasoreactivity, and obstetric triggers can compromise both maternal and fetal perfusion. Additional risk modulation is observed in atopic individuals, asthmatics, patients with autoimmune, inflammatory, oncologic, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental conditions, as well as in COVID-19 and post-infectious states. We propose a host-modified framework for KS that complements traditional classification by integrating immune phenotype and vascular substrate, enabling improved risk stratification and personalized preventive strategies.

Background: Sarajevo Canton reported large measles outbreaks in 2019 and 2024, highlighting the impact of the persistent gaps in immunisation coverage. Aim: To analyse 2 measles outbreaks in Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina, identify populations at risk and assess the impact of vaccination coverage on disease transmission. Methods: We collected publicly available weekly case counts data for 45 weeks from the Public Health Institute of Sarajevo Canton and examined the vaccination coverage for 5 years to assess the impact of immunisation on outbreak dynamics. We conducted descriptive analyses using RStudio version 2024 and evaluated the differences between outbreaks using Mann-Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 869 cases were reported in 2019 and 4505 in 2024, and children aged 1–4 years were mostly affected (42.1%). Most of the cases were either unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status; 92.3% of cases in 2019 were unvaccinated, and 87.7% in 2024 were unvaccinated, while 9.9% had unknown vaccination status. The 2024 outbreak had a higher and longer peak (416 vs 91 cases) occurence than 2019, and one death was reported in each year. Conclusion: The declining vaccination coverage in Sarajevo Canton contributed to increased measles incidence. Strengthening mandatory immunisation, targeted catch-up campaigns and public communication are essential to achieve herd immunity, prevent future outbreaks and progress towards Universal Health Coverage.