Introduction: Physiotherapy, a non-invasive method of conservative treatment, that includes manual therapy, exercises and physical procedures, is used in the treatment of temporomandibular dysfunction and polyarticular laxity. It has been proven that physiotherapy focused on temporomandibular dysfunction is an essential element of treatment that leads to a reduction in pain, an improvement in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function, and an improvement in quality of life. Physiotherapy treatment aims to alleviate the symptoms and try to restore the normal function of the masticatory system, for which various techniques can be used. The aim of the study was to determine the type, intensity, and frequency of TMJ dysfunction pain before and after physiotherapy. Methods: The study was conducted in a private practice in Munich, Germany. All subjects who met the criteria for inclusion in the study completed a standardized questionnaire on TMJ dysfunction (TMJ disorder [TMJ/TMD] Questionnaire). The questionnaire was used to obtain data on the type and location of pain, duration of pain, and other symptoms related to the TMJ. The anamnestic data of the respondents who came to the doctor’s office with the symptoms mentioned were examined, and the orthodontic or dental findings were analyzed.Results: The analysis showed that before treatment some of the joints were affected in 28 subjects, while after treatment the joints were affected in 19 subjects. After treatment a significant decrease in affected TMJ was observed (χ2 = 9.516, p = 0.008). Ear pain occurred in 17 (54.84%) subjects before treatment, and in 5 (16.13%) after treatment. A significant reduction was observed at the p = 0.003 level. Pain around the eyes occurred in 9 (29.03%) of the respondents before treatment, and after treatment in 2 (6.45%) of the respondents. Facial pain was reported in 16.13% of the anamnestic data before the treatment, and it was not reported in any of the respondents after treatment. There was also a significant reduction in the occurrence of tinnitus (p = 0.004). The occurrence of headaches also decreased after treatment (p < 0.001). Ear pressure was present before treatment in 45.16% of cases, and after treatment in 22.58% of cases, so there was no significant decrease. Conclusion: Physiotherapy for people with TMJ dysfunction contributed significantly in reducing pain and alleviating other TMD symptoms.

By intensively investing in innovation, development and construction, Photovoltaic power plants become the first choice for electricity production due to a number of reasons related to environmental parameters, sustainable development, but also the wide availability of the primary source. However, a significantly larger number of such power plants compared to fossil fuel power plants with a larger capacity creates new risks, related to the conditions of network infrastructure availability, management of such complex systems, where telemetry management, especially with the introduction of new standards, ICT and advanced technologies, has an increasing significance and brings a number of benefits, eliminates a number of obstacles, but also reduces the perceived risks to an acceptable level. The aim of this article is to show the potential of improving telemetry control at PV power plants, but also to show the results of adequate use of this type of control. With the intensive development of new technologies for remote management and control, there will be an increasing potential and need for their application in Electric Power Systems, which due to the need for sustainable development are becoming more and more complex and demanding, but also more necessary if one wants to ensure safe, reliable and effective exploitation.

This study examines the impact of media convergences on the evolution of role-playing games (RPGs) from the early 1970s to the present day. The analytical focus of this research is directed at the dynamics between player community participation and the process of commodification within this genre. In this context, specific phases in the development of RPGs are highlighted, including tabletop role-playing games (TRPGs), classic computer role-playing games (CRPGs), massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), live-action role-playing (LARP), and actual play (AP). This study highlights the similarities and differences between these forms, their mutual convergence, and their convergence with other analog and digital media (such as books, comics, television, film, and podcasts). Special attention is given to the phenomenon of prosumerism within the RPG subculture; that is, the specific interaction between the content offered by the entertainment industry and the efforts of RPG communities to maintain the participative and creative aspects of the genre. This research is based on a diachronic comparison of specific phases in the development of the RPG genre, as well as a secondary analysis of the dominant media content on current trends in the RPG subculture.

The purpose of the paper is to show, through the selection of given criteria, which of them has the greatest impact on food losses in an agricultural-food company. For this purpose, an innovative expert method of multi-criteria decision-making, SiWeC (Simple Weight Calculation), and its fuzzy variant, was applied. The results show that the criteria “poor handling of products during transport” and “inadequate packaging and handling of products” have the greatest impact. Considering the already existing plan of the company to train this part of the work processes, the expert assessment confirms the results of the research. Also, the successful use of this method with the application of fuzzy logic was confirmed, and future research should be directed towards the development of new ways of researching the influence of individual factors on the entire process of supplying food to end consumers.

Objectives. The main objective was to assess the relationship between sociodemographic and occupational factors and stress levels among healthcare workers in family medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using the PSS-10-BH scale. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the PSS-10-BH questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to primary care nurses and physicians between July and August 2022. Results. The study included 272 participants, with a mean age of 44.7 (±10.55), predominantly women (86.8%) and physicians (58.8%). The mean PSS-10-BH total score for the sample was 21.26 (±6.77) ranging from 3 to 36. The linear regression model indicated male gender and older age showed an association with slightly lower stress levels. Marital status and the number of children showed a slight positive association with stress levels. Oc- cupation (B=-3.068, 95%CI: -5.442 to -0.694, P=0.012) was associated with stress, with physicians tending to report lower stress levels compared to nurses. Years of work experience (B=0.060, 95%CI: -0.190 to 0.309, P=0.636), and patient load (B=0.082, 95%CI: 0.027 to 0.137, P=0.004) were associated with higher stress levels. The results suggest that work-related variables are significant predictors of stress levels as measured by the PSS-10-BH scale in this sample of healthcare workers. The included predictors explain 10% of the variability in the outcome, indicating additional unidentified contributing factors. Conclusion. Occupational factors, particularly profession, work experience, and daily patient load, significantly influence stress levels in healthcare workers. Further research is needed to explore other potential influences and refine interventions aimed at managing stress in this population.

Energy poverty remains a significant issue in Bosnia and Herzegovina, characterized by limited access to affordable and sustainable energy sources. This paper examines the prevalence of energy poverty among 1500 retiree households and evaluates the potential of photovoltaic (PV) systems as a solution. The research highlights the multidimensional nature of energy poverty, incorporating variables such as income, energy expenditures, and heating methods. Using statistical methods, including factor analysis and regression models, the research developed an energy poverty index (EPI) to categorize households and identify key drivers of energy poverty. The findings reveal that 96.5% of households experience moderate to high energy poverty when transport costs are included, dropping to 84.3% when these costs are excluded. Households using wood for heating, with a combined rooftop area of 26,104 m2, could generate 7,831,200 kWh of solar energy annually, reducing CO2 emissions by 1,389,825 kg. The aggregated payback period for PV investments is approximately 9.3 years, demonstrating financial viability. The paper underscores the potential of energy communities in pooling resources, facilitating rooftop leasing for PV installations, and promoting policy reforms to promote renewable energy adoption. This research contributes to the understanding of energy poverty dynamics and provides actionable recommendations for integrating PV power plants, fostering energy equity, and reducing environmental impacts.

Bidirectional communication between pathogenic microbes and their plant hosts via small (s)RNA-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a key element for successful host colonisation. Whether mutualistic fungi of the Serendipitaceae family, known for their extremely broad host range, use sRNAs to colonize plant roots is still under debate. To address this question, we developed a pipeline to validate the accumulation, translocation, and activity of fungal sRNAs in post-transcriptional silencing of Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Using stem-loop RT-qPCR, we detected the expression of a specific set of Serendipita indica (Si)sRNAs, targeting host genes involved in cell wall organization, hormonal signalling regulation, immunity, and gene regulation. To confirm the gene silencing activity of these sRNAs in plant cells, SisRNAs were transiently expressed in protoplasts. Stem-loop PCR confirmed sRNAs expression and accumulation, while qPCR validated post-transcriptional gene silencing of their predicted target genes. Furthermore, Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE 1 immunoprecipitation (AtAGO1-IP) revealed the loading of fungal SisRNAs into the plant RNAi machinery, suggesting the translocation of SisRNA from the fungus into root cells. In conclusion, this study provides a blueprint for rapid selection and analysis of sRNA effectors and further supports the model of cross-kingdom communication in the Sebacinoid symbiosis.

Although COVID-19 is not a pandemic anymore, the virus frequently mutates, resulting in new strains and presenting global public health challenges. The lack of oral antiviral drugs makes it difficult to treat him, which makes the creation of broadly acting antivirals necessary to fight current and next epidemics of viruses. Using the molecular docking approach, 118 compounds derived from marine organisms and 92 previously synthesized compounds were screened to assess their binding affinity for the main protease and papain-like protease enzymes of SARS-CoV-2. The best candidates from the xanthene, benzoxazole, and coumarin classes were identified. Marine-derived compounds showed slightly better potential as enzyme inhibitors, though the binding affinities of synthesized compounds were similar, with the best candidates displaying affinity values between 0.2 and 0.4 mM. Xanthenes, among both marine origin and synthesized compounds, emerged as the most promising scaffolds for further research as inhibitors. The papain-like protease was found to be more druggable than the main protease. Additionally, all top candidates met the criteria for various drug-likeness properties, indicating good oral bioavailability and low risk of adverse effects. This research provides valuable insights into the comparative affinities of marine origin and synthesized compounds from the xanthene, coumarin, and benzoxazole classes, highlighting promising candidates for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

An assessment of different materials for additive manufacturing (AM) of polymer gears is presented in this research. Experimental testing is carried out for three different materials. Two materials are selected as the most common materials used for gears made by additive manufacturing. These materials are nylon and polycarbonate (PC). The third material is IGUS i180, which is a tribological material specially developed for additive manufacturing of parts with demands for high resistance properties such as resistance to friction, wear, and high temperatures which are essential for the long service life of gears. Gears are experimentally tested to determine service life in the form of operating cycles until failure. In addition, the gear temperature is monitored during the experimental testing. Using the value of maximum temperature at the moment of total gear failure at a specific load level enables the categorization of failure type. Different types of gear failures are categorized and presented. Taking into consideration failure type and the service life in the form of operating cycles, the applicability of analyzed materials for specific applications concerning load, speed, and thermal conditions is presented and discussed at the end of the paper. The main goal of this research was to test IGUS i180 material and compare its mechanical and thermal properties with other commonly used materials for gears manufactured by AM, such as nylon (PA6/66) and polycarbonate (PC). IGUS i180 material showed inferior properties concerning gear design in the case of high loads. This research showed that PA6/66 material is still the best solution for polymer gears production using AM, but the applicability of this material, due to temperature constraints, is still quite limited.

Goal: The paper will present the library collection of the Babusaade Ahmed Agha based on one of the three existing waqfiyas of this benefactor, preserved in the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul (TS.MA.d. 6927). The waqfiya describes the establishment of a madrasa and its accompanying library in Mostar in the mid-17th century. The work will also offer a comparison of this collection with the Gazi Husrev-beg Library collection in Sarajevo, as the majority of the preserved titles from the mentioned collection can be found in this central heritage institution. Approach/Methodology: Using the identification method, we determined the exact titles and authors of the endowed books and manuscripts, for which numerous lexicographical dictionaries and manuscript catalogs were consulted. The classification of works by subject areas was based on the Flügel and Ahlwardt models. Regarding the presence of works from the original collection established by the Babusaade Ahmed Agha, the main research base was the Gazi Husrev-beg Library collection in Sarajevo, which provided direct access to works from the mentioned collection, as well as published catalogs of manuscripts in Oriental languages from this institution. Results: The paper highlights data related to the titles and authors of works from the library collection that was part of this educational institution. Based on this information, insight was provided into the thematic and content diversity of the mentioned library. Particularly interesting is the fact that this waqfiya contains the oldest mention of a librarian (1653) in Mostar, along with his duties and responsibilities regarding the preservation of the manuscript collection. In addition to this, the paper discusses the current state of the collection, aiming to determine the extent of preservation of the manuscript holdings from this 17th-century Mostar library. Originality/Value: In scientific and expert circles, it was known that there was a waqf established by the Babusaade Ahmed Agha, but it was not widely known what he left behind as a legacy for his fellow citizens in Mostar. This paper specifically discusses his legacy in Mostar based on primary sources, as well as the provisions he established to specify how this waqf would function. The waqf of Ahmed Agha was very important for the cultural life of Mostar in the second half of the 17th century.

Starting from the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we hypothesized that the mechanisms of ¹³¹I-induced cardiotoxicity differ between patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with/without T2DM, with metformin potentially acting as a cardioprotective agent by mitigating inflammation in patients with T2DM. To address this hypothesis, we quantified, using ELISA, the serum concentration of several key biomarkers that reflect cardiac injury (NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, ST2/IL-33R, and cTn I) in 74 female patients with DTC/−T2DM and 25 with DTC/+T2DM treated with metformin. All patients received a cumulative oral dose of 131I exceeding 150 mCi (5.55 GBq) over approximately 53 months. Our results showed the following: (i) In DTC/−T2DM patients, high-cumulative 131I doses promote a pro-inflammatory state that accelerates the development of cardiotoxicity. Monitoring NT-proBNP, ST2/IL-33R, and cTn I in these patients may help identify those at risk of developing cardiac complications. (ii) In patients with DTC/+T2DM, high-cumulative 131I doses lead to the release of NT-proANP (r = 0.63), which signals that the atria are under significant stress. (iii) In patients with DTC/+T2DM, metformin suppresses inflammation, leading to a dose-dependent reduction in cTn I (r = −0.59). Monitoring cTn I and NT-proANP, and considering the use of metformin as part of the therapeutic strategy, could help manage cardiotoxicity in T2DM patients undergoing 131I therapy.

The accessible literature sources do not give an integrated register of non-native tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina and western Balkans floras. Therefore, the focus of this study was on an inventory of allochthonous dendroflora in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) by 2023. Numerous literature sources, the herbarium collection of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SARA) and the authors' field investigations were used to create the allochthonous B&H dendroflora list. The inventory list comprises dendro species of trees, shrubs and lianas. The survey consists of 552 non-native dendro taxa, associated with family, geographic origin, residence time status, degree of naturalization, zone of resistance, and abundance of the investigated taxa. A total of 82 families, 208 genera, and 552 taxa, which included species level, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids were recorded. The B&H allochthonous dendroflora generally originate from Asia (260 taxa) and North America (128), with a significant share of hybrids (81). Only 19 archaeophytes were registered. According to the degree of naturalization, it was observed that as many as 451 taxa are casual and 13 invasive. The non-native dendro species in B&H mainly belong to the USDA Hardiness Zones 4-9, 5-9 and 6-9. The alien dendroflora of B&H includes 152 occasional, 142 rare, 198 abundant and only 60 taxa with massive abundance. The presented results give a detailed insight into the allochthonous dendroflora of B&H, which is also the first such presentation for the Western Balkans.

U ovom se radu analizira sintaksički status akuzativnih klitika u bosanskom jeziku i njihovo pomjeranje u tzv. drugu poziciju (engl. second position clitics / Wackernagel clitics) s teorijskog polazišta tzv. minimalističkog programa (engl. Minimalist Program, Chomsky 1995; 2000; 2001). Derivacija sintaksičkih struktura posmatra se kroz djelovanje sintaksičke operacije spajanja (engl. Merge) i sintaksičke operacije slaganja (engl. Agree). Pri tome, u radu se slijedi tzv. teorija faza (engl. Phase Theory, Chomsky 2001), koja postulira da se derivacija sintaksičke strukture odvija u fazama koje omogućavaju da se minimalni dijelovi strukture sukcesivno šalju u tzv. Spell-out, odnosno u interfejs u kojem dolazi do razdvajanja informacija relevantnih za nivo fonetskog (engl. Phonetic form, PF) i logičkog predstavljanja (engl. Logical form, LF). U radu se zastupa hipoteza da se akuzativne klitike izvorno generiraju u poziciji komplementa glagola za koji su tematski vezane te da, budući da nemaju status fraznih afiksa, ne mogu biti sintaksički spojene s tim glagolom. U tom se smislu transfer akuzativnih klitika u PF komponentu dešava već u vP fazi, dok glagol za koji je klitika tematski vezana nije obuhvaćen ovim transferom jer se pomjera u tzv. rubnu poziciju (engl. edge position) vP faze. Cilj je ovoga rada pokazati da je tzv. druga pozicija akuzativnih klitika rezultat njihovog postsintaksičkog pomjeranja koje slijedi nakon prozodijskog organiziranja strukturnih elemenata na PF nivou. Akuzativne klitike pomjeraju se u tzv. drugu poziciju u svojoj intonacijskoj frazi (engl. Intonation phrase, IP), pri čemu intonacijska fraza korespondira s granicama CP domene klauze koja sadrži akuzativne klitike. Pozicija akuzativnih klitika iza prve naglašene riješi (engl. first word position, 1W) ili iza prvog sintaksičkog konstituenta (engl. first constituent position, 1C) u vezi je s (ne)postojanjem prozodijskih barijera.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine 1) multidimensional sleep profiles in pre-schoolers (3-6 years) across geocultural regions and 2) differences in sleep characteristics and family practices between Majority World regions (Pacific Islands, Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America) and the Minority World (the Western world). METHODS Participants were 3507 pre-schoolers from 37 countries. Nighttime sleep characteristics and nap duration (accelerometer: n=1950) and family practices (parental questionnaire) were measured. Mixed models were used to estimate the marginal means of sleep characteristics by region and examine the differences. RESULTS Geocultural region explained up to 30% of variance in sleep characteristics. A pattern of short nighttime sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and long nap duration was observed in Eastern Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia. The second pattern, with later sleep midpoints and greater night-to-night sleep variability, was observed in South Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and Latin America. Compared to the Minority World, less optimal sleep characteristics were observed in several Majority World regions, with medium-to-large effect sizes (∣d∣=0.48-2.35). Several Majority World regions reported more frequent parental smartphone use during bedtime routines (Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia: 0.77-0.99 units) and were more likely to have electronic devices in children's bedroom (Eastern Europe, Latin America, South Asia: OR=5.97-16.57) and co-sleeping arrangement (Asia, Latin America: OR=7.05-49.86), compared to the Minority World. CONCLUSIONS Pre-schoolers' sleep profiles and related family practices vary across geocultural regions, which should be considered in sleep health promotion initiatives and policies.

Cirsium (thistle) is one of the most taxonomically demanding genera within the Compositae. These taxonomic difficulties are hypothesized to result from limited morphological differentiation, incipient speciation and/or hybridization among taxa, and misinterpretations of faded and incomplete herbarium specimens. According to the latest data, the Dinarides and the Eastern Alps are inhabited by the endemic, diploid, newly described species Cirsium greimleri, which often occurs in sympatry with C. rivulare and C. erisithales. The area of the related, vicarious, tetraploid, and endemic species C. waldsteinii is limited to the southeastern Carpathians. Considering that the new knowledge refutes the existence of C. waldsteinii in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was necessary to review all C. waldsteinii data discovered so far in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results obtained from the distribution of the species, the predictive modelling of its ecological niche, and the analysis of the genome size confirmed the existence of the species C. greimleri in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its potential hybridization. This study indicates the need for further research into the sympatry of C. greimleri and its relatives, as well as the essential taxonomic revision of this complex.