BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia is frequently observed in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes and is considered a marker of metabolic and neurohormonal stress. However, its prognostic significance relative to chronic glycemic status remains incompletely understood, particularly in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glycemic control but may not adequately capture acute metabolic derangements occurring during myocardial ischemia. Stress hyperglycemia reflects a transient metabolic response to acute illness mediated by counter-regulatory hormones, systemic inflammation, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, and does not necessarily indicate pre-existing insulin resistance or chronic dysglycemia. Recent studies suggest that stress-related hyperglycemia indices may better reflect short-term risk, yet comparative data in NSTEMI populations remain limited. AIM To determine whether admission stress hyperglycemia indices are associated with early mortality in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. METHODS This prospective, single-center observational study consecutively enrolled 171 patients admitted with confirmed NSTEMI. Stress hyperglycemia was assessed using the stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) and the admission glucose-to-chronic glycemia ratio (ACGR), calculated from admission plasma glucose and HbA1c values obtained at hospital presentation. Patients were categorized according to established HbA1c thresholds. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic data were systematically collected. All patients were followed for three months after discharge. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or urgent coronary revascularization. The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Discriminatory performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to assess the independent and incremental prognostic value of stress hyperglycemia indices before and after adjustment for established clinical and echocardiographic predictors. RESULTS During the three-month follow-up period, 88 MACE and 25 deaths were recorded. HbA1c categories were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality or MACE. In contrast, admission glucose levels, SHR, and ACGR were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. No significant differences in HbA1c were observed between outcome groups. Stress hyperglycemia indices demonstrated modest discriminatory ability for predicting mortality and showed greater discrimination than HbA1c in ROC analyses. In multivariable models, both SHR and ACGR remained independently associated with early mortality after adjustment for demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic variables, whereas no independent association with the composite MACE endpoint was observed. ROC-derived thresholds used for survival analyses were exploratory and have not been externally validated. CONCLUSION In patients with NSTEMI, stress hyperglycemia indices assessed at hospital admission are independently associated with early mortality, whereas chronic glycemic status shows limited prognostic relevance. These indices appear to reflect acute systemic stress and metabolic instability and may provide clinically useful information for early risk stratification during the initial phase of hospitalization, particularly when comprehensive echocardiographic assessment is not yet available.

This study aimed to provide a more in-depth analysis of the fruit quality of three table grape varieties: 'Moldova', 'Lasta', and 'Italia', cultivated in the Žepče area (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The findings from the comparative analysis indicated substantial variations in grape quality among the studied varieties. 'Moldova' grapes exhibited significantly higher total soluble solids and pH values than those of the other table grape varieties. 'Moldova' also had higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents in the grape skin relative to 'Italia' and 'Lasta'. On the other hand, 'Italia' variety showed the highest titratable acidity, followed by 'Lasta' and 'Moldova'. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were highly positively correlated with the antioxidant capacities of all analyzed grape samples, suggesting that phenolic compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant properties of grapes. Study results also indicated that all heavy metal levels tested in grapes were below the threshold limits, which was expected considering that the experimental soil was not contaminated with the heavy metals being assessed. Overall, the results from the study have shown that all grape varieties studied hereby displayed a satisfactory level of quality based on key chemical parameters, and that the experimental area is quite favorable for their cultivation.

The semiconductor industry is foundational to modern technology, yet its complex global multi-relational firm network remains poorly understood, posing challenges to scientists, firms, and policymakers. Traditional analysis relies on proprietary databases that are often expensive, incomplete, and slowly updated, limiting their ability to capture rapidly evolving dependencies. Here, we demonstrate that a novel, generalizable methodology combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with open web data can reconstruct this network and its structural dynamics at scale. We identify and classify supply-chain, partnership, and ownership links from 170 million semiconductor firm webpages, yielding a temporal network of over 1,300 linked firms. We validate link-extraction quality (Precision: 0.884; F1-score: 0.784), network overlap and complementarity with a proprietary database, and consistency with aggregate economic data. Our network reveals a temporary 9% decline in edges during the 2022 chip shortage, rapid increases in the centrality of AI supply-chain bottleneck firms such as NVIDIA, and geographic realignment of interfirm relations amid geopolitical turbulence. This generalizable framework overcomes barriers to transparency and provides essential, up-to-date maps for assessing resilience and informing policy across strategically relevant sectors.

We develop a framework in which Yukawa hierarchies arise from powers of fully anarchic spurions transforming in higher representations of the flavor symmetry group $SU(2)^{n_2}\times SU(3)^{n_3}$. The core mechanism is the progressive lifting of Yukawa ranks through successive outer products of composite doublets and triplets. We formulate the general construction in detail and build explicit models realizing it. We then investigate whether renormalizable scalar potentials for higher $SU(2)$ representations can dynamically generate anarchic spurions with non-vanishing composites. The framework predicts distinctive patterns in flavor-changing neutral currents and potentially observable stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds.

Primary hypothermia arises from prolonged exposure to low environmental temperatures without underlying pathology, whereas secondary hypothermia is triggered by impaired thermoregulation due to factors such as disease, trauma, or substance use. This study aimed to investigate core temperature changes in rats exposed to specific water temperatures over time, with a focus on differentiating primary and secondary hypothermia induced by alcohol and benzodiazepines.Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves to compare the time to event (in minutes) among three experimental groups: Control, ethanol, and Diazepam. Core temperatures were recorded at five key points: baseline (normal temperature), post-ketamine anesthesia, during immersion, at hypothermia onset, and at the time of death. Survival times were also recorded and statistically analyzed. Median survival times were highest in the control group (35 minutes), followed by Diazepam (29 minutes) and ethanol (28 minutes). Pairwise comparisons using the log-rank test, adjusted for multiple comparisons via the Benjamini-Hochberg method, revealed a statistically significant difference between the control and diazepam groups (p = 0.018), with the control group demonstrating longer survival time. A significant interaction between Diazepam and time was observed (β = -0.23, 95% CI: -0.35 to -0.12, p < 0.001), indicating that the rate of temperature decline over time was significantly greater in the Diazepam group compared to the control group. Our results indicate that Diazepam accelerates the decrease in body temperature over time, which may contribute to its observed effect on survival, and that Diazepam administration is associated with a significant reduction in survival time compared with untreated controls. Ethanol did not significantly alter the measured thermoregulatory or survival outcomes in this pilot study. Any potential forensic relevance of ethanol-induced hypothermia remains speculative and requires further investigation in larger, adequately powered studies. Our results could have potential forensic implications in differentiating between primary and drug-induced as secondary hypothermia in medico-legal investigations.

Background and purpose: Ants are a dominant terrestrial insect group and rank among the most abundant and diverse animals on land, playing significant ecological and economic roles. Due to their global diversity and the high morphological similarity among closely related species, accurate identification of ants can be difficult. The aim of this study was to assess the species status within one of the most important ant groups – Lasius genus, subgenus Lasius s. str. – in Bosnia and Herzegovina, using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. Materials and methods: Forty-two individuals were collected from four localities and identified using appropriate morphological keys. DNA barcoding was performed to complement morphological identification, and sequences were deposited in GenBank. A Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA11, incorporating both the sequences from this study and selected sequences from the BOLD database. Results: We identified three species - Lasius niger, L. platythorax and L. emarginatus, by applying both approaches. Specific dark-brown mesosoma and a new haplotype were recorded for L. emarginatus. Conclusions: The observed morphometric differences and a discovery of a new Lasius emarginatus haplotype suggest that the diversity of species within the subgenus in Bosnia and Herzegovina is greater than previously recognized. Further research is warranted to explore the regional diversity and ecological roles of Lasius species.

This article examines how post-war Bosnian cinema mediates the unresolved absences of the Bosnian War through its cinematic portrayals of widowhood, mourning, and survival. Drawing on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork among Bosnian war widows and a close reading of three films— Halima’s Path (dir. Arsen Anton Ostojić, 2012), Snow (dir. Aida Begić, 2008), and Days and Hours (dir. Pjer Žalica, 2004)—the article explores how film operates simultaneously as a repository of cultural memory and as an ethnographic lens into the lived afterlives of genocide. I argue that cinematic narratives of absence and endurance offer a counterpoint to the dehumanizing tendencies of nationalist historiography and the quantification of loss, instead foregrounding the intimate textures of grief, resilience, and feminine agency. By weaving ethnographic observation with film analysis, the study illuminates how post-war cinematography assumes a feminist political role—making visible the everyday struggles of women on the social margins and reframing their experiences as central to collective remembrance. Ultimately, I contend that film and ethnography together reveal how the missing persist not as voids but as vital presences, intricately woven into the moral, emotional, and cultural fabric of post-genocide Bosnia.

Background: Negative public attitudes promote undesirable stereotypes and stigma in stutterers. Method: To mitigate negative attitudes, 403 respondents combined from 16 international samples filled out the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA–S) before and after interventions to improve attitudes and were compared to 249 respondents from seven control groups. Investigators aimed (a) to replicate an extreme case of regression to the mean (i.e., “crossover” effect) reported earlier in larger combined samples in which respondents with high pre-scores ended with low post-scores, respondents with low pre-scores finished with high post-scores, and intermediate scorers were unchanged; and (b) to identify individual POSHA–S items related to overall attitude change and among the high and low scorers. Results: As in previous studies, stuttering attitudes improved in the intervention group but not in the control group. Intervention and control respondents demonstrated “crossover” but less than the earlier samples due to lower pre–post correlations. Item contributions to pre–post change and differences among the three change groups were inconsistent; however, high agreement items by respondents were less likely to vary than low agreement items. Conclusion: The “crossover” effect was replicated, and future research should explore its presence in other measures or conditions.

Climate change significantly affects human physiology and contributes to increased morbidity and mortality, with heat stress representing one of the most severe consequences of thermal imbalance. The aim of this study was to analyze morphological changes to leukocytes on the peripheral blood smears of Wistar rats exposed to hyperthermia using the geometric morphometrics method. A total of forty Wistar albino rats were divided into three experimental groups according to water temperature exposure (37 °C, 41 °C, and 44 °C). Peripheral blood smears were prepared, stained, and digitally recorded using Motic Images Plus 2.0 software, after which selected images were analyzed using geometric morphometric programs (tpsDig, tpsUtil, and MorphoJ) to evaluate leukocyte shape variations. Comparative analysis demonstrated statistically significant morphological changes in polymorphonuclear cell shapes between the control group (37 °C) and rats exposed to 41 °C (p = 0.009). Significant differences were also identified in mononuclear cell morphology between the antemortem and postmortem groups (p = 0.00307). The findings indicate that exposure to elevated temperatures induces measurable alterations in white blood cell morphology, confirming that hyperthermia produces significant structural changes in polymorphonuclear cells and mononuclear cells detectable through geometric morphometric analysis.

Biological invasions are a major driver of biodiversity loss, yet inconspicuous or “cryptic” species often escape detection and public awareness, limiting management responses. We investigated the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii , likely native to China and now present on six continents, through a 22‐month multilingual online survey across 17 European countries ( n  = 1388), to assess public knowledge, perceptions and views on its management. Results revealed low public awareness: over 80% of respondents did not know the scientific name, 49% misidentified its freshwater habitat as marine and only 33% recognized it as non‐native. Aesthetic perceptions were largely positive, but mass occurrences triggered caution and direct contact was rare and usually harmless. Bayesian Network analysis showed that direct observation—rather than demographic factors or scientific knowledge—was the strongest predictor of concern and support for public discussion. While C. sowerbii was not widely perceived as a local threat, many respondents acknowledged its potential ecological implications and supported greater public awareness and management actions. Our findings highlight how visual subtlety and limited media coverage reduce detection and prioritization of cryptic invasive alien species (IAS), hindering early warning systems and policy development. Leveraging citizen science and experiential engagement can improve recognition and reporting, complement formal monitoring and support more inclusive management strategies. We recommend integrating cryptic invasions like that of C. sowerbii into IAS frameworks and policies, emphasizing public participation and awareness to address overlooked, but potentially impactful species. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.