Introduction: Hermeneutics, as a theory of interpretation, plays a significant role in criminal law by providing a framework for understanding legal norms within their socio-political and historical contexts. Given the necessity for precision and clarity in criminal law, hermeneutical approaches help resolve ambiguities and reconcile conflicts between statutory provisions, judicial practice, and moral principles.  Aim: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of hermeneutics as a methodological tool in interpreting criminal law norms and to highlight its contribution to the development of contemporary legal doctrine and practice.  Materials and Methods: The paper applies the hermeneutical method of analysis, as well as comparative-legal and normative methods, relying on relevant case law and modern theoretical approaches in criminal law and legal philosophy.  Results: The analysis shows that hermeneutical approaches enable a dynamic understanding and application of criminal law norms, contributing to greater coherence between statutory texts, judicial decisions, and moral principles. In doing so, hermeneutics becomes a key factor in resolving legal dilemmas and ensuring the fair application of law.  Conclusion: Hermeneutics represents an indispensable methodological framework for understanding and applying criminal law. It allows legal norms to be interpreted in accordance with contemporary social values, thereby contributing to the development of legal science and practice as a whole.

Stroke is the leading cause of disability in both Bosnia and Herzegovina and Western countries and ranks as the second most common cause of death globally. Strokes are classified into two major categories: ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes account for approximately 85% of all cases, resulting from vascular occlusion, while 10% are due to primary intracerebral hemorrhage and 5% due to subarachnoid hemorrhage. Early intervention in acute stroke cases can lead to full recovery or significantly reduce long-term consequences. Therefore, early symptom recognition, rapid diagnostics, and timely access to treatment options are essential. In addition to thrombolysis, which has been performed for many years, mechanical thrombectomy has been available at the University Clinical Hospital Mostar since late 2022. To ensure patients receive appropriate therapy, thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy as quickly as possible, stroke symptoms must be promptly identified and diagnostic procedures initiated. Since 2023 Herzegovina-Neretva Canton has implemented an automated platform for rapid stroke detection called Canon AUTOStroke. This AI-based system automatically detects strokes and immediately alerts the designated stroke intervention team via established communication channels. Canon AUTOStroke utilizes deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence that enables computers to process data in a manner inspired by the human brain. By using this AI application, the time required to make therapeutic decisions is significantly reduced, which can be critical to the outcome of acute stroke treatment.

Introduction: Post-traumatic embitterment syndrome is a pathological reaction to drastic life events and doesnot have the tendency to end. This syndrome also occurs relatively frequently in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Aim: To investigate post-traumatic embitterment syndrome in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 200 subjects who were participants in the past war. The research group consists of 100 subjects who participated in the war and have a diagnosis of PTSD, and the control group consists of 100 healthy volunteers who were in the war but were not previously diagnosed with PTSD.The study used a sociodemographic questionnaire, a self-assessment questionnaire for post-traumatic embitterment syndrome, and a clinical questionnaire for post-traumatic stress disorder.Results: Subjects with PTSD show a statistically significantly higher level of post-traumatic embitterment syndrome compared to subjects without PTSD. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups that actively and passively participated in the war, between genders, and between the groups with current PTSD and lifetime PTSD.Conclusion: Subjects with PTSD show a statistically significantly higher level of post-traumatic embitterment syndrome compared to subjects without PTSD.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a major yet underrecognized driver of gastrointestinal morbidity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Disordered motility, fibrosis, and dysbiosis promote microbial stasis, malabsorption, and malnutrition, contributing substantially to impaired quality of life and survival. Diagnostic accuracy remains limited: jejunal aspirate culture is invasive, whereas breath testing offers only moderate sensitivity and specificity. Empirical antibiotic therapy yields transient symptom relief, but recurrence is common, and evidence guiding optimal eradication strategies is sparse. Adjunctive measures, including probiotics, prokinetics, and dietary interventions, remain variably applied, with heterogeneous outcomes across studies. Novel microbiome-targeted, neuromodulatory, and antifibrotic therapies are emerging as promising mechanism-based options. Bearing this in mind, this narrative review aims to consolidate current knowledge on SIBO eradication in SSc. We first outline the pathophysiological rationale and clinical relevance of bacterial overgrowth. We then synthesize available evidence for treatment strategies, appraise barriers to durable remission, and discuss implications for multidisciplinary management. Finally, we highlight emerging approaches, including microbiome-directed therapies, novel prokinetics, and antifibrotic interventions, and define priorities for future clinical research.

Understanding the impacts of climate on tourism has evolved since the late 20th century, shifting from one-dimensional and partial approaches to more comprehensive and multifaceted ones. To more accurately assess the climatic suitability of destinations for recreational tourism, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) has been developed in recent years. The HCI's variable rating scale and component weighting system are based on insights into tourists' climatic preferences. Since different types of destinations have distinct climatic requirements, the HCI is designed with specifications for two major tourism segments—urban and beach. The HCI: Urban focuses on urban tourism, where the city and its attractions serve as the primary destination and point of interest. This study analyzes the HCI: Urban for Sarajevo, the most significant tourism destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The monthly probability is calculated by determining the frequency of daily index scores within ideal and unacceptable categories. Ideal climatic conditions for urban tourism are defined as days with scores between 90 and 100, while unacceptable conditions are those with scores below 40. Of all tourists visiting Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2023, 41% visited the Sarajevo Canton, which makes it a significant case study. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits throughout the year, and the obtained ratings reflect tourists' climatic preferences for urban destinations. Holiday Climate Index (HCI): Urban was analyzed for the Sarajevo area, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to more accurately assess the climatic suitability of this destination for tourism. The word “holiday” was chosen to better reflect what the index was designed for (i.e. recreational tourism), since tourism is much broader in definition. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits during the year, and the obtained scores reflect tourists' climate preferences for the city destination. Considering that tourists in Sarajevo stay only for a short time (average length of stay 2.1 days), determinants that affect tourist satisfaction and elements of the destination that need to be improved in order to increase the length of stay have been identified. Analysis of average daily values of climatic parameters of a particular destination and monitoring their trend plays an important role in the organization of tourist trips. This research is the first of its kind related to Sarajevo, and understanding local climatic conditions is crucial for developing tourism strategies, planning, and organizing tourism events in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is the most visited tourist city in the entire country.

This document presents strategic guidelines and a development framework aimed at enhancing higher education programs in biotechnology within Bosnia and Herzegovina. It emphasizes the importance of aligning academic curricula, research capacities, and innovation ecosystems with global sustainable development goals (SDGs) and emerging scientific trends. Drawing on insights from the 2025 scientific-expert symposium "Next-Generation Biotechnologists – Skills of Future Educators," this work outlines key recommendations for modernizing educational approaches, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering the next generation of biotechnologists equipped to meet societal and technological challenges. The framework is intended for academic institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders committed to advancing biotechnology education and innovation in the region.

Objectives: To examine the mental health of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with biological therapy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with Crohn’s disease. Two groups were included: an experimental and a control group. The experimental group consisted of 100 patients with Crohn’s disease, of whom 50 were on biological therapy and 50 were not, all treated at the Department of Gastroenterology. Participants completed instruments adapted for the research: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), a tool designed to assess various aspects of mental health and personality.Results: The highest proportion of women was recorded among healthy participants (71.0%), while men were most represented in the group receiving biological therapy (58.0%). A significant difference was found between genders among healthy and diseased individuals. Participants receiving biological therapy achieved significantly higher scores in the domains of Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms, Depression, and Psychoticism compared to the other groups. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with research highlighting the connection between mental health and disease activity, suggesting the need for a holistic approach in the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

<p>This study explores the use of natural plant extracts as a sustainable method to enhance the quality and safety of long-life sausages by incorporating them into natural edible casings. Ethanol (E) and aqueous (A) extracts of blackthorn (BT) and red cherry (RC), as well as their ethanol and water-based solutions, were prepared and analysed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The analyses included the quantification of total phenols, non-flavonoids, flavonoids, flavonols, and anthocyanins, along with antioxidant activity assessments using FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Salmonella enterica</em>) and mold <em>Penicillium expansum</em> via agar dilution methods to determine MIC and MBC/MFC.</p> <p>Results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity than aqueous ones (p&lt;0.05), with the ethanol extract of blackthorn (EBT) containing the highest levels of phenolics (54.11 mg GAE/g d.e.) and exhibiting the strongest antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Casings treated with EBTE (ethanol BT extract dissolved in ethanol) demonstrated significant antibacterial properties, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. This study confirms that plant-extract-enriched natural casings can protect against oxidation and microbial spoilage, thereby enhancing the overall quality and safety of dry-cured sausages.&nbsp;</p>

A Boolean-algebraic framework for maximal-degree U-k-seminets is presented, unifying combinatorial and algebraic properties. This work ex tends Aczel’s quasigroup theory and Belousov’s k-net constructions by in traducing a computational framework for U-k-seminets of maximal degree μ. Key results include: (1) explicit bounds for μ in terms of set cardinality t and t-order d (μ = t−d+2), (2) existence conditions for no equipotent sets, and (3) inequalities governing μ and t ((t+2)/2 < μ ≤ t). Theorems are validated via tabulated solutions for m = t − d, demonstrating scal able applications in finite geometry and network design. The framework bridges partial quasigroups and block designs, offering algorithmic tools for seminets with maximal degree constraints.

This paper presents a review of the application of machine learning to face detection in images, with a specific focus on face recognition in digital environments. The primary objectives of this research are to develop and analyze advanced machine learning algorithms to improve face identification accuracy. The study provides a detailed evaluation of several key algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the MTCNN (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks). It also benchmarks the performance of established object detection models, such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Cascaded HAAR, and Maximum Margin Object Detection (MMOD). Through empirical evaluation, the MTCNN (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks) algorithm demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest accuracy and most efficient runtime among the tested models.

This study presents an empirical benchmarking comparison of two distinct speech-to-text approaches under identical conditions: the Speech Recognition module, which utilizes the online Google Web Speech API, and the offline Wav2Vec model developed by Facebook AI. Both approaches facilitate the transformation of spoken language into written language, although they demonstrate unique characteristics in terms of reliance on the internet, speed, and precision. This study utilizes the LJ Speech dataset, which contains short audio segments of a single reader supplemented by their corresponding transcriptions. Both examined models acquire text from the identical dataset and subsequently assess its similarity to the texts within the dataset. Our analysis reveals that wav2vec outperforms the speech recognition model in both accuracy and performance, suggesting the use of wav2vec in speech-to-speech implementations.

Abstract Introduction Peritoneal lymphangiomatosis is a rare benign lymphatic disorder with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It may mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis or mesothelioma, often requiring histological confirmation. Management options are limited, and long-term data on targeted therapies, including sirolimus, remain scarce. Case Presentation We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of surgically corrected atrial septal defect, who developed progressive abdominal distension and dysuria in May 2014. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed diffuse ascites, peritoneal thickening, and cystic changes. Diagnostic uncertainty led to an exploratory laparotomy in May 2015, where histopathology confirmed peritoneal lymphangiomatosis. After failed conservative management including dietary modification, diuretic therapy, and repeated paracenteses, she was started on sirolimus 2 mg/day in August 2016. Her serum trough levels were maintained between 5 and 15 ng/mL. She achieved a Karnofsky Performance Score of 100% (indicating full functional capacity) within 2 months and has remained in complete clinical and radiologic remission for over 8 years. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was diagnosed during follow-up and is well controlled with insulin therapy. Conclusion This case underscores the difficulty of diagnosing peritoneal lymphangiomatosis and highlights the transformative potential of sirolimus therapy. To our knowledge, this is one of the longest documented remissions of peritoneal lymphangiomatosis under mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition.

Driver mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are initiating events in the evolution of chondrosarcoma and several other cancer types. Here, we present evidence that mutant IDH1 is recurrently lost in metastatic central chondrosarcoma. This may reflect either relaxed positive selection for the mutant IDH1 locus, or negative selection for the hypermethylation phenotype later in tumor evolution. This finding highlights the challenge for therapeutic intervention by mutant IDH1 inhibitors in chondrosarcoma.

This paper presents an example of an approach to designing and techno-economic analysis of the feasibility for a battery energy storage system based on data from a real consumer in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trends in electricity consumption of the considered consumer, as well as real location conditions, were taken into account when designing the system. Analytical deduction and decision-making based on possible business models in the local electricity market are presented. Trends in the analysis and assessment of battery system degradation are developed, and a comparison is made from the economic aspect of the feasibility of the system. Conclusions are drawn regarding the use of the system and guidelines for further research are set.

Simple Summary Eye cancers can damage vision and, in some cases, threaten life. Retinoblastoma mainly affects children, while uveal melanoma is the most common eye cancer in adults. Doctors need better ways to judge how aggressive these tumors are and to find new treatment targets. We examined five proteins that help cells handle nutrients and signals, Megalin, Cubilin, Caveolin-1, GIPC1, and DAB2IP, in normal eye tissue, retinoblastoma, and different forms of choroidal melanoma. Using fluorescent staining, we measured the amount of each protein present, then compared our results with publicly available gene data and patient survival information. Our goal was to learn whether changes in these proteins track with tumor type and outcome. These findings may support the development of future tools for diagnosis, risk prediction, and therapy design in eye cancer.