Filip Novaković (b. 1999) is a legal scholar and doctoral researcher in criminal, international, and constitutional law. Author of 5 books and 60+ papers, he researches digital evidence, and human rights, and serves on multiple civic boards.
Polje Istraživanja: Constitutional law Criminal law Philosophy of law Criminology/Criminal justice
Filip Novaković (b. 1999, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina) is a legal scholar and doctoral researcher specializing in criminal law, international law, and constitutional law and human rights. He holds an LL.B. (Hons.) in General Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Banja Luka and an LL.M. in Criminal Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Sarajevo, where he defended a thesis on the principle of immediacy in evidentiary procedure. He is currently pursuing a second master’s degree in International Law and a doctorate in Criminal Law, with a dissertation titled „The Admissibility of Digital Evidence in Modern Criminal Procedure“.
Filip has authored and co-authored five books and over 60 scientific and professional articles, publishing in both domestic and international journals. His research spans criminal procedure, human rights, constitutional theory, digital forensics, and legal history. His work has earned recognition including the prestigious UNESCO International Chair in Bioethics award for scientific excellence.
Beyond his academic achievements, Filip has held numerous leadership roles, including serving as student vice-dean and student representative on the Scientific and Teaching Council. He is actively engaged in public service, currently serving on the Board of Directors of the Center for Culture and Sports in Srbac, Board of Directors of the Human Rights House Banja Luka and as a corresponding member of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
His interdisciplinary interests include animal welfare—where he is involved in ethical breeding and education through specialized associations—as well as paleozoology and paleobotany. He is a member of several professional bodies, including the Paleontological Society, Association of Lawyers of the Republika Srpska, the Croatian Association for European Criminal Law, and the Victimology Society of Serbia.
Between Fragmentation and Protection: Incitement to Violence and Hatred in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the result of a sustained academic and professional engagement with the phenomenon of hate speech and, more specifically, the criminalization of incitement to violence and hatred in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In recent years, the regulation of such conduct has become increasingly relevant, not only as a matter of criminal law, but also as a broader societal and constitutional concern in post-conflict and pluralistic societies. This work seeks to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of criminal offences related to incitement to violence and hatred across the different jurisdictions within Bosnia and Herzegovina. It combines doctrinal analysis, comparative insights, and empirical observations in order to present a nuanced understanding of both the normative framework and its practical application. Particular attention is devoted to the relationship between criminal law and international human rights standards, especially the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The book is intended for a broad audience, including academics, legal practitioners, judges, prosecutors, policymakers, and students of criminal law and human rights. It aims not only to clarify existing legal provisions, but also to contribute to ongoing discussions on legal reform and the harmonization of criminal law in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Finally, this monograph reflects the author’s belief that criminal law, while an essential tool in combating incitement to violence and hatred, must be applied with caution, precision, and a constant awareness of fundamental rights. Striking the appropriate balance between protecting society and preserving freedom of expression remains one of the most demanding tasks of contemporary criminal justice systems
This article examines the development of criminal procedure in the Roman Imperial period, with particular emphasis on the relationship and gradual transition between the accusatorial model (accusatio) and the extraordinary imperial procedure (cognitio extra ordinem). Starting from the institutional and procedural changes caused by the decline of republican judicial bodies and the strengthening of imperial authority, the paper analyses the transformation of judicial power holders, the initiation of criminal proceedings, the role of the judge, the shift from public to secret hearings, the law of evidence, and the emergence of legal remedies such as appeal (appellatio) and asylum (asylum). Special attention is devoted to the issue of proof and to a critical reassessment of the long-standing doctrinal misconception concerning the existence of a formal and binding system of evidentiary rules in Roman law. The conclusion highlights the importance of Roman imperial criminal procedure for the development of the continental legal tradition, emphasizing its ambivalent legacy between enhanced state repression and the early formation of procedural safeguards.
This paper examines the level of alignment between procedural safeguards for children in criminal proceedings in the Republic of Srpska and the standards established by Directive (EU) 2016/800 on procedural safeguards for children who are suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings. Recognising children as a particularly vulnerable category of participants in criminal proceedings, the paper analyses whether the domestic normative framework ensures effective and child-appropriate procedural protection, taking into account the child’s age, maturity and specific needs. The analysis is based on a normative-dogmatic approach and focuses on the Law on the Protection and Treatment of Children and Juveniles in Criminal Proceedings of the Republic of Srpska, with the subsidiary application of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Srpska. Directive (EU) 2016/800 is used as the primary reference standard, interpreted in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights and the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The findings indicate that the domestic legal framework is largely aligned with European standards, particularly regarding the right to legal counsel and the basic limitations on the deprivation of liberty of children. However, the analysis also reveals notable normative shortcomings, especially concerning the individual assessment of the child, the right to information in a child-appropriate manner, and the comprehensive protection of the child’s privacy and identity. The paper concludes that targeted legislative improvements are necessary in order to achieve full and consistent compliance with the standards set by Directive (EU) 2016/800.
U proteklim godinama, susret umjetne inteligencije (AI) i krivičnog pravosuđa potakao je paradigmatski pomak u upravljanju pravdom. Ovaj rad istražuje mnogobrojne implikacije integracije umjetne inteligencije u pravosudni pejzaž. Rad kritički ispituje primjenu AI u krivičnim sudovima, fokusirajući se na njegovu ulogu u procesima donošenja odluka, pristranosti i integriteta. Iskorištavanjem algoritama mehaničkog učenja, ovi sistemi analiziraju obimne skupove podataka kako bi predvidjeli buduće kriminalno ponašanje, postavljajući relevantna pitanja o pouzdanosti i pravičnosti takvih predviđanja. Etičke dimenzije upotrebe AI u krivičnom pravosuđu čine središnju temu, razmatrajući pitanja transparentnosti, odgovornosti i pristranosti inherentne u algoritamskom donošenju odluka. Ovaj tekst analizira izazove i prilike koje pruža „mehanička pravda“, naglašavajući potrebu za nijansiranim razumijevanjem uticaja AI na temeljna načela krivičnog postupka i ljudska prava i osnovne slobode. Nadalje, istraživanje analizira potencijal za pogoršanje postojećih dispariteta unutar krivičnog pravosudnog sistema. Društveno-ekonomske, rasne, spolne i rodne pristranosti ukorijenjene u istorijskim skupovima podataka mogu se održavati i čak pojačavati kroz primjenu AI alata, što zahtijeva sveobuhvatne mjere opreza radi ublažavanja takvih rizika. Dok stojimo na raskrižju tehnološkog napretka i pravne tradicije, ovaj rad služi kao ključni resurs za pravne teoretičare, praktičare i kreatora politika. Zagovara promišljen i mjerodavan pristup integraciji AI u krivično pravosuđe, osiguravajući da tehnološki napretci usklađuju s načelima pravičnosti, pravde i zaštite individualnih prava. Rasprava predstavljena ovdje ključna je za oblikovanje kontura budućnosti u kojoj se UI i pravda stapaju, zahtijevajući budno nadziranje i etičko razmatranje u traganju za pravednijim pravnim sistemom.
Tehnološki razvoj vještačke inteligencije transformiše ne samo digitalnu industriju i komunikacione obrasce, već i prirodu savremenog kriminaliteta. Među posebno zabrinjavajućim pojavama izdvaja se sintetički materijal seksualnog zlostavljanja djece (synthetic CSAM), koji obuhvata kompjuterski generisane slike i deepfake video-zapise što realistički simuliraju seksualnu eksploataciju maloljetnika. Iako takav sadržaj ne mora uvijek uključivati identifikabilnu stvarnu žrtvu, njegov vizuelni realizam, društveni učinak i potencijal za normalizaciju seksualnog nasilja nad djecom proizvode ozbiljne pravne i viktimološke posljedice. Rad analizira sintetički CSAM kao novi oblik digitalnog rizika, sa posebnim osvrtom na njegovu krivičnopravnu relevantnost, difuzne oblike viktimizacije i izazove medijskog izvještavanja. Posebna pažnja posvećena je djeci i mladima, kako u ulozi potencijalnih žrtava sekundarne viktimizacije, tako i u ulozi subjekata krivičnopravnog rizika. Ukazuje se na potrebu interdisciplinarnog i normativno preciznog odgovora društva i institucija.
Rad analizira stepen usklađenosti Zakona o krivičnom postupku Bosne i Hercegovine sa Direktivom (EU) 2016/800 o postupovnim jamstvima za djecu osumnjičenu ili optuženu u krivičnim postupcima. Polazeći od metodološkog okvira funkcionalne i normativne komparacije, rad ispituje da li domaći procesni sistem uspostavlja koherentan model pravosuđa prilagođenog djetetu ili se zaštita djece ostvaruje fragmentarno kroz opšte procesne garancije. Analiza pokazuje da ZKP BiH sadrži niz temeljnih garancija pravičnog suđenja, uključujući pravo na odbranu, zabranu nezakonitih dokaza, procesnu pravičnost i ograničenje trajanja pritvora, koje su kompatibilne s osnovnom zaštitnom logikom Direktive. Međutim, Direktiva uvodi kvalitativno razvijeniji, djetetu-specifičan normativni okvir zasnovan na principu najboljeg interesa djeteta, individualnoj procjeni potreba, pravima na informacije prilagođene dobi, obaveznom uključivanju roditelja, posebnim garancijama tokom ispitivanja i restriktivnom režimu lišenja slobode djece kao krajnje mjere. U poređenju s tim standardom, domaći procesni okvir pokazuje parcijalnu usklađenost: pojedini zahtjevi Direktive ostvaruju se funkcionalno, ali nisu sistematski normirani. Rad zaključuje da potpuna harmonizacija zahtijeva ciljane zakonodavne intervencije usmjerene na integraciju koncepta pravosuđa prilagođenog djetetu u strukturu krivičnog postupka, posebno kroz normiranje individualne procjene, jačanje procesnih garancija tokom ispitivanja i preciznije uređenje režima lišenja slobode djece.
Resocijalizacija je proces postupnog reintegrisanja prestupnika iz kriminalne podgrupe u društvenu zajednicu kao grupu. Od resocijalizacije se očekuje da izmjeni ona lična svojstva osuđenika koja su povezana sa kriminalnim ponašanjem i da ih tako osposobi za integraciju u društveni život. Modeli resocijalizacije su se mjenjali i dopunjavali kroz istorijiski razvoj same penologije kao nauke i svaki od njih je imao važnu ulogu u prevaspitavanju osuđenih lica. Danas model resocijalizacije teži humanizaciji i individualizaciji tretmana, ali i potrebi da osuđenik prije svega prihvati aktivnu ulogu u procesu prevaspitanja i realizacije programa postupanja. Prevaspitni tretman i proces resocijalizacije veoma su usko povezani, jer uspješan ishod prevaspitnog tretmana doprinosi uspješnosti resocijalizacije. Zato je pedagoški pristup u procesu resocijalizacije ključni faktor za njihovu uspješnu rehabiliticiju i reintegraciju u društvenu zajednicu. Međutim brojne društvene promjene zahtjevaju i drugačiji pristup prema osuđeniku u toku procesa resocijalizacije kako u pogledu vaspitno – korektivnog postupanja i metodike rada sa osuđenim licima, tako i u pogledu radnog angažovanja i sticanja obrazovnih i socijalnih kompetencija kroz neki od neformalnih vidova učenja.
Ovaj rad pruža (sveobuhvatnu) analizu razvoja rimskog kaznenog (krivičnog) postupka od kraljevskog doba do kraja Republike. Autor istražuje kako je rano rimsko društvo prešlo sa privatne osvete na državno provođenje pravde, naglašavajući nerazdvojivost prava, religije i politike. Kroz detaljno razmatranje institucija kao što su quaestores parricidii, quaestiones perpetuae, te reformi koje su sproveli Sula, Ciceron i Pompej, tekst prikazuje sve veću formalizaciju, specijalizaciju i politizaciju krivičnog prava. Posebna pažnja posvećena je procesnim principima, uključujući pretpostavku nevinosti, akuzatorni model i pravila dokazivanja. Zaključno, rimsko krivično pravo – iako često zapostavljeno u korist privatnog prava – imalo je značajan uticaj na temeljne koncepte savremenih evropskih krivičnopravnih sistema.
Introduction: Hermeneutics, as a theory of interpretation, plays a significant role in criminal law by providing a framework for understanding legal norms within their socio-political and historical contexts. Given the necessity for precision and clarity in criminal law, hermeneutical approaches help resolve ambiguities and reconcile conflicts between statutory provisions, judicial practice, and moral principles. Aim: The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the significance of hermeneutics as a methodological tool in interpreting criminal law norms and to highlight its contribution to the development of contemporary legal doctrine and practice. Materials and Methods: The paper applies the hermeneutical method of analysis, as well as comparative-legal and normative methods, relying on relevant case law and modern theoretical approaches in criminal law and legal philosophy. Results: The analysis shows that hermeneutical approaches enable a dynamic understanding and application of criminal law norms, contributing to greater coherence between statutory texts, judicial decisions, and moral principles. In doing so, hermeneutics becomes a key factor in resolving legal dilemmas and ensuring the fair application of law. Conclusion: Hermeneutics represents an indispensable methodological framework for understanding and applying criminal law. It allows legal norms to be interpreted in accordance with contemporary social values, thereby contributing to the development of legal science and practice as a whole.
The paper examines the application of the principle of opportunity in juvenile criminal proceedings across different legal systems. The principle of opportunity, as opposed to the principle of legality, allows prosecutors to refrain from initiating or continuing criminal proceedings when doing so serves the interests of justice, rehabilitation, or social reintegration. The paper provides a comparative analysis of various jurisdictions, highlighting differences in legal frameworks, prosecutorial authority, and policy rationales behind the discretionary prosecution of juvenile offenders. It assesses how different legal systems balance the need for accountability with the fundamental principles of juvenile justice, such as the best interests of the child, proportionality, and diversion from formal criminal proceedings. The study also evaluates the safeguards and limitations imposed on prosecutorial discretion to prevent arbitrariness, discrimination, or excessive leniency. The paper ultimately argues that an appropriately structured system of prosecutorial discretion can enhance the effectiveness of juvenile justice by prioritizing rehabilitative measures over punitive sanctions. Through a comparative lens, the research underscores the importance of a balanced approach in juvenile justice policies, advocating for a legal framework that safeguards due process while promoting the social reintegration of young offenders.
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