Understanding the impacts of climate on tourism has evolved since the late 20th century, shifting from one-dimensional and partial approaches to more comprehensive and multifaceted ones. To more accurately assess the climatic suitability of destinations for recreational tourism, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) has been developed in recent years. The HCI's variable rating scale and component weighting system are based on insights into tourists' climatic preferences. Since different types of destinations have distinct climatic requirements, the HCI is designed with specifications for two major tourism segments—urban and beach. The HCI: Urban focuses on urban tourism, where the city and its attractions serve as the primary destination and point of interest. This study analyzes the HCI: Urban for Sarajevo, the most significant tourism destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The monthly probability is calculated by determining the frequency of daily index scores within ideal and unacceptable categories. Ideal climatic conditions for urban tourism are defined as days with scores between 90 and 100, while unacceptable conditions are those with scores below 40. Of all tourists visiting Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2023, 41% visited the Sarajevo Canton, which makes it a significant case study. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits throughout the year, and the obtained ratings reflect tourists' climatic preferences for urban destinations. Holiday Climate Index (HCI): Urban was analyzed for the Sarajevo area, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to more accurately assess the climatic suitability of this destination for tourism. The word “holiday” was chosen to better reflect what the index was designed for (i.e. recreational tourism), since tourism is much broader in definition. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits during the year, and the obtained scores reflect tourists' climate preferences for the city destination. Considering that tourists in Sarajevo stay only for a short time (average length of stay 2.1 days), determinants that affect tourist satisfaction and elements of the destination that need to be improved in order to increase the length of stay have been identified. Analysis of average daily values of climatic parameters of a particular destination and monitoring their trend plays an important role in the organization of tourist trips. This research is the first of its kind related to Sarajevo, and understanding local climatic conditions is crucial for developing tourism strategies, planning, and organizing tourism events in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is the most visited tourist city in the entire country.

: This study explores the accessibility of critical infrastructures (CRITIS) in urban planning, focusing on the City of Sarajevo. CRITIS, essential for societal functioning, encompasses diverse services vital to social, economic, political, health, educational, and administrative systems. The authors leverage geographic information system (GIS) tools to construct an accessibility model for Sarajevo, analysing the spatial availability of critical functions. Six groups of CRITIS indicators, composed of 29 CRITIS elements, were used in the derivation of critical infrastructure accessibility index. The methodological framework was based on implementation of network GIS analysis, interpolation method (IDW) and GIS multi-criteria analysis, which could be applicable to similar research studies. Local communities concentrated in the strict urban core (Ferhadija, Baščaršija) have the best accessibility of CRITIS, while peripheral local communities with a large area, such as Mošćanica and Reljevo, have the lowest. Results suggest a zonal categorization of the urban area, providing valuable insights for spatial planning and future urban development management. The study reveals that the highest value of CRITIS accessibility doesn't necessarily align with the most densely populated areas at local community level.

The contemporary demographic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a very active topic in academic, but also in wider political and public discourses, particularly in the context of increased depopulation trends. Distinctly negative processes in the natural change and net migration are the result of post-war and transitional circumstances, as well as the socio-economic status of the country. Demographic disparities conditioned by a complex social background (economic, social, political, cultural and environmental factors) are often the subject of geographic research in this area, however, few studies have resulted in a comprehensive demographic categorization of municipalities and cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which would be the first step in detection precise causes of demographic regression. Demographic categorization of municipalities on the basis of as many available demographic indicators as possible is a useful instrument in planning, through which concrete revitalization measures can be created primarily aimed at reducing polarization effects in development and depopulation of continuously deprived regions. This study used demographic data from the last 2013 population census, as well as those from more recent publications of national and entity statistical agencies. Special focus is placed on the index of total population change, population density, vital index, ageing coefficient and share of highly educated population. These indicators were analysed from the aspect of regional disparities, whereby special categories of municipalities and cities were created for each of them, in relation to how favourable is local demographic situation. In the second phase, their multi-criteria data integration was carried out, which more clearly indicate the general level of demographic development of individual municipalities/cities.

This paper analyses the statistical parameters that give a comprehensive overview of the socio-demographic state of the border areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it represents a novel attempt to examine the disparity and relationships between central and peripheral parts of national territory. The methodology is based on examining the differences between border and non-border municipalities/cities according to four groups of indicators, to obtain four indices: depopulation, natural change, ageing and education. Statistically significant differences were found primarily in the context of population age structure, and it can be concluded that the ageing process has affected bordering regions more than the rest of the country.

The main objective of this study is to provide a critical insight into the position of regional geography in modern geosciences, i.e. to examine the epistemological, methodological, practical and educational function of this synthetically oriented geographical discipline on a theoretical level. For this purpose, we have reviewed a number of readings selected from various published scientific papers and textbooks, which provide some sort of review of the modern concept of regional geography and the notion of region. The 1980s can be taken as the initial period of revitalization and redefinition of regional geography, when in addition to the traditional approach based on chorology, there was also the so-called new regional geography. The dominant concepts found in both these schools were evaluated by using the method of dialectical analysis and synthesis, on the basis of which the guidelines were proposed for future positioning of the spatial determination of the region within the geographical sciences. The general conclusion is that regional geography should not be viewed exclusively through the prism of idiographic concept, but the necessity would also be to aspire to discover the general spatial correlation patterns and regularities through various regional studies.

Computerization of education process is a contemporary trend that is emerging at the global scale, but with substantial regional disparities in the level of its implementation. The present study is aimed at revealing the current situation regarding computer technology use in geographical education in primary and secondary education in Bosnia and Herzegovina through a survey conducted among geography teachers from two typical regions – Canton of Sarajevo with predominantly urban features and Central Bosnia region, where majority of population lives in rural areas. The obtained results suggest that general situation with regard to the level of computer skills identified among geography teachers is satisfying, but that there are still certain disparities across different categories of respondents. It turns out that younger teachers, as well as those from urban region possess a higher level of IT skills and use this technology more frequently for the preparation and implementation of teaching process. At the same time, significant differences regarding the respondents gender have not been found, except in the context of extracurricular activities.