: This paper presents the simulation model “Simulation of Technological Knowledge Recovery in a Post - Apocalyptic Scenario”, designed to explore the key question of how widely technological knowledge must be distributed to survive a cataclysmic event. The model is implemented in the NetLogo environment using an agent-based approach to simulate a complex system of education and knowledge distribution related to electrical grid infrastructure. The study focuses on critical factors affecting technological sustainability and applies the Knowledge Survival Formula (ZP) to evaluate system resilience. The formula incorporates four main components: knowledge distribution, center availability, critical mass of experts, and internal resources. The simulation results offer insight into strategies for preserving technological knowledge under crisis conditions and show that greater decentralization of knowledge significantly improves resilience and long-term survival.

The rapid advancement of quantum computing presents an urgent threat to 5G networks, particularly across sensitive roaming boundaries. While existing quantum-safe solutions typically require intrusive modifications to core network functions, this paper introduces a highly crypto-agile, non-intrusive proxy architecture to secure the N32 control-plane and N9 user-plane roaming interfaces. By deliberately isolating cryptographic operations within local, containerized proxies, our design avoids complex dependency upgrades on the running 5G core. To maximize practical deployability, we developed proof-of-concept prototypes based on OpenSSL 3.5.4 offering two distinct, highly configurable variants. The first enables immediate, software-only integration utilizing Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) suites (ML-KEM/ML-DSA, BIKE/Falcon). The second deploys autonomous agents in a custom Pre-Shared Key (PSK) configuration fed by out-of-band Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), enabling dynamically enforced cryptoperiods and seamless Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) fallback mechanism based on real-time key availability. We evaluate this architecture using a comprehensive open-source testbed combining Open5GS and QKDNetSim. To assess practical deployability, we measured control-plane registration times, cryptographic data volume, user-plane delay, and QKD key consumption against legacy HTTP(S) baselines. Experimental results demonstrate that these quantum-safe architectures perform comparably to, or better than, legacy security. The PQC proxies maintained competitive cold-start registration times (261–285 ms), successfully balancing computational and bandwidth trade-offs. Notably, the QKD-assisted PSK configuration achieved the highest efficiency, reducing median registration time to 258.2 ms (a 4.5% improvement over legacy HTTPS) and restricting handshake data volume to 12.3 kB by bypassing heavy asymmetric certificate authentication. Furthermore, all prototypes successfully secured the traditionally unencrypted GPRS Tunnelling Protocol user plane (GTP-U) traffic traversing the N9 interface with a practically negligible delay increase ( $\sim 300~\mu $ s). Finally, the study highlights critical transport-layer constraints, such as TCP-in-TCP congestion interference, underscoring the necessity of DTLS 1.3 to optimize practical, quantum-resilient telecommunications infrastructure.

Research laboratory buildings are among the most energy-intensive building types due to their high energy demand, ventilation requirements, and the need to maintain controlled indoor environmental conditions. Previous indoor environmental quality (IEQ) investigations exist; however, IEQ research on purpose-built research laboratory buildings, particularly those constructed during the middle of the 20 th century, remains underexplored. This study investigates the IEQ conditions of a mid-century research laboratory building constructed in 1960 and located on the University of Utah campus. Indoor environmental data were collected in two representative chemical engineering laboratories located within the basement and third floors of the building. This paper presents results from a seven-month analysis period, spanning April to October 2025. The monitored IEQ parameters included indoor air temperature, relative humidity (RH), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration, and fine indoor particulate matter (PM2.5). Measurements were recorded at hourly intervals and analyzed to assess temporal variations at both hourly and monthly scales. The results showed distinct thermal and indoor air quality patterns between the two laboratories. The basement laboratory (Basement Lab) had extended periods of underheating during the fall months, while the third-floor laboratory (Lab 3) exhibited more stable thermal conditions with occasional short-term temperature increases during summer. Relative humidity levels in both spaces showed pronounced seasonal variability, including extended periods below recommended comfort ranges. For both laboratories, CO 2 concentrations generally remained below the commonly adopted indoor air quality threshold of 1000ppm, although intermittent spikes were observed in the third-floor laboratory during occupied periods. Lastly, PM 2.5 concentrations were consistently low in both spaces throughout the monitoring period. Overall, the findings from this study illustrate how IEQ conditions are influenced by floor level, facade exposure, room volume, and occupancy patterns within a mid-century research laboratory building. The study provides empirical evidence that can support future performance assessments aimed at improving occupant comfort and environmental performance in existing laboratory facilities.

Dendroflora as a basic element of a green area plays a key role in the fulfilment of ecosystem services in all landscape architecture structures within a city. The objective of this paper is to show dendroflora diversity through the analysis of dendrofloristic elements of Mali Park in Obrenovac. In the studied area of 0.65 ha 28 taxonomic categories were identified including 10 Gymnosperms and 18 Angiosperms, with 218 trees recorded in total. The most dominant species in the park are Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G.Manetti ex Carrière (Gymnosperms) and Betula pendula Roth (Angiosperms). According to origin, the taxa are divided into four categories with different share: allochthonous taxa (13), autochthonous taxa (12), cultivars (2), hybrid taxa (1). The research indicates the importance of increasing the share of resistant species in the dendrofund, with an emphasis on autochthonous species, in order to maintain ecological stability and improve quality of life.

Emerging fifth-generation (5G) capabilities such as network slicing and network-exposed application programming interfaces (APIs) aim to support vertical industries with stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. However, current solutions lack per-user observability and real-time adaptation, limiting their effectiveness in dynamic, safety-critical environments. This paper introduces Enricher, a modular edge-based framework that autonomously optimizes application-level QoS by leveraging standardized APIs such as CAMARA. Enricher operates as middleware between vertical applications and 5G infrastructure, combining localized telemetry, artificial intelligence (AI)-based forecasting, and intent-driven control, without requiring telecom-specific logic from vertical developers. We validated Enricher’s performance in a real-world 5G standalone (SA) deployment for teleoperated vessel control at the Port of Antwerp-Bruges. Compared to baseline approaches, Enricher reduces Service-Level Agreement (SLA) violations by 84% and resource overprovisioning by 36%, achieving 97.3% SLA compliance. These results position Enricher as a deployable and domain-agnostic solution for per-application QoS adaptation in 5G and beyond.

The aim of this study is to analyse the affect of climate aridity impact, through to the climate indices - Forest Aridity Index (FAI) and Ellenberg climate quotient (EQ), on the nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) content and N/P, N/K ratio in leaves of European beech in Serbia. The analysis of the macroelements concentration in the leaves shows that beech leaves contain: N - 9.82-19.62 mg/g, P - 0.82-1.53 mg/g, K - 4.83-11.11 mg/g. N/P ratio is 8.61-16.39 and N/K ratio 0.95-2.81. FAI index was in a range of values 3.19-7.10, and EQ quotient was in a range of values 15.27-30.24. Based on the research of the macronutrient content in beech leaves and the FAI and EQ at different altitudes, it can be concluded that FAI and EQ were statistically significant correlated with N and P content, and with N/K, respectively. An increase in indices values linearly causes a decrease in the concentration of key macronutrients N and P. The only parameter examined on which warmer and drier climate (through to the FAI and EQ index), did not have a statistically significant effect was the concentration of K.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the body cannot properly use or does not produce enough insulin. This leads to hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of all diabetic cases. Aim: To examine the association of behavioral factors with the development of chronic complications and the degree of glycoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The research was conducted as a descriptive study on a sample of 215 subjects with a diagnosis of T2DM set in accordance with the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), treated at the Srbac Health Center and the Banja Luka Health Center in the period March-November 2024. The subjects were selected using a random sample method. They filled out a questionnaire with general and sociodemographic data and a questionnaire with medical data and laboratory analyses. Results: Smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate diet and alcohol consumption have a significant impact on the occurrence of certain complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vasculopathy. Poor blood glucose control and elevated HbA1c values, together with an unfavorable lipid profile and the presence of hypertension, further increase the risk of developing complications. Smoking, physical inactivity and poor diet have a statistically significant association with poorer glycoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it indicates the necessity of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of diabetes, which must not be focused exclusively on blood sugar regulation, but must include lifestyle changes, monitoring of lipid status and blood pressure, as well as systematic patient education.

Insecticides have historically played, and still play, a very significant role in protecting humans and animals from numerous pests. This role consists not only of protection from the effects of the disturbance caused by numerous insects to animals and humans but also of controlling infectious diseases that these pests can transmit. In addition to public hygiene and veterinary medicine, these agents have found their application in agriculture, where they are intended to protect crops from numerous pests. It has been shown that agricultural yields are significantly higher when these agents are used. The importance of insecticides and their application for the mentioned purposes is best demonstrated by the fact that today approximately 40% of the world's population lives in areas with a high risk of malaria infection, and it is known that about 4 million people die from this disease annually, with hundreds of millions falling seriously ill. In addition to malaria, Dengue fever, which is also transmitted by mosquitoes, should be mentioned, affecting 35-50 million people annually (according to other authors, 50-100 million) and significant A large number unfortunately die. Here, one should also mention the so-called 'River Blindness', a disease that affects people in the Amazon River valley, as it is caused by a certain fly, after it bites the eyelid. To date, several tens of thousands of chemical substances have been introduced into practice, which are used to control insects in agriculture. In order to increase crop yields, as well as the production of larger quantities of meat, today several million tons of various pesticides are introduced into the environment worldwide each year, a significant portion of which are insecticides. Although these substances, as already mentioned, have a very important positive role, it should be emphasized that their (often irrational) use can also have negative consequences, which are reflected in the development of resistance in insects, the occurrence of residues in food, drinking water, soil, and air, direct or indirect toxic effects on humans and animals, as well as harmful effects on the environment and numerous organisms living in it.

Background: The relationship between the morphometric characteristics of the incisive papilla and dental arch width represents an important aspect in assessing anatomical and prosthetic relationships in the anterior maxilla. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between maxillary dental arch width and morphometric characteristics of the incisive papilla (length, width, shape). Materials and Methods: A total of 180 subjects of both sexes, aged 20-40 years, with complete dentition and different skeletal classes were included in the study. Results: The results indicate that the transverse dimensions of the maxillary dental arch (13-23, 14-24, and 16-26) are significantly associated with the morphological parameters of the palate and the incisive papilla. The width of the incisive papilla emerged as the most significant predictor in all regression models, confirming its importance as a stable anatomical landmark in prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous patients. The shape of the incisive papilla did not show a statistically significant influence on dental arch width, nor was there a significant interaction between sex and papilla shape. Conclusion: The width of the incisive papilla represents the most significant predictor of the transverse dimensions of the maxillary dental arch. This correlation has important implications in prosthodontics for understanding individual anatomical variations and improving clinical practice.