Background: The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related clinical conditions, including metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), sarcopenia, and a wide spectrum of pathological manifestations, is rising globally. According to WHO, BMI is the only anthropometric measure currently used to classify obesity, overweight, and underweight. However, emerging research suggests that obesity is a complex pathological state influenced by multiple etiological factors. Given the limitations of BMI, there is a growing need for a more comprehensive assessment of body composition, particularly fat mass quantity and distribution. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provides valuable anthropometric data that can help differentiate obesity phenotypes and guide improved therapeutic approaches. Objective: This study aims to analyze body composition using BIA in a randomly selected sample of adults from primary healthcare settings in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The primary goal is to assess total body weight, fat mass quantity, fat distribution, and obesity types prevalent in this population. Additionally, the study seeks to establish reference values for further diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies to improve public health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adults (≥18 years) in Gračanica, Bosnia & Herzegovina (B6H), from January 2021 to January 2025. Inclusion criteria required participants to provide signed informed consent, while exclusion criteria included acute systemic diseases, severe dehydration, and fasting for more than 24 hours. Anthropometric parameters measured included age, height, weight, BMI, body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (PBF), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and bone mineral content (BMC). Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 18), with results presented as medians, interquartile ranges, and percentiles (5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th). Results: A total of 4,628 adults participated in the study, of whom 2,824 (61.0%) were female and 1,804 (39.0%) were male. The median age was 45 years (IQR: 29 years). The findings revealed that over one-quarter of the B&H population is obese, with abdominal obesity being the predominant type. This phenotype is associated with the highest risk for metabolic syndrome and MASLD. Conclusion: Our study highlights a high prevalence of obesity among the examined individuals in primary care settings in B&H, with abdominal obesity being the most common type. This phenotype is strongly associated with metabolic complications. BIA-derived parameters of fat distribution and visceral fat mass may serve as valuable tools for improving obesity classification and developing more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Project risk management is one of the project management knowledge areas that identifies, analyzes and deals with project risks. One of the important factors influencing the decision-making of a project-based organization is the level of risk tolerance of organization. This study focuses on the factors affecting the level of risk tolerance of project-based organizations. For this purpose, in the first step, the potential factors affecting risk tolerance are extracted by reviewing the related literature. In the next step, the factors affecting the organization's risk tolerance level are identified by using the Fuzzy Delphi method in several steps. The most effective factors are identified by experts? judgment using a questionnaire. Then, the relationships between these factors are determined by using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method. The intensity of these relationships and the intensity of the effect of the factors are investigated by using the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. Finally, the factors are ranked based on their weights by utilizing the Fuzzy DEMATEL method. In this study, 13 external and internal factors are ranked using questionnaires based on the experts? opinions. Four external factors include political conditions and international relations, the conditions of the capital markets such as stock market, investment security and government support. These factors have significant influence on the other factors as well as the project-based organization. The findings of this study direct project managers to accurately identify the risk tolerance level of the key project stakeholders in order to efficiently plan and implement project risk management and achieve project goals.

Background/Aim. Piclidenoson (CF101, IB-MECA), a selective agonist of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), is used in clinical trials for the treatment of psoriasis. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that piclidenoson possesses anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but its action on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of piclidenoson in a model of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human PBMCs culture. Methods. Human PBMCs were isolated from the venous blood of healthy donors (n = 4) and treated with different concentrations of piclidenoson. Flow cytometry and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test were used to determine cell viability, while the MTT method and the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining method were used to analyze the effect of picl idenoson on cell proliferation. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1?, IL-23, IL-36, IL-5, interferon (IFN)??, IL-17, and IL-10 were measured using a specific sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The results of cytotoxicity tests showed that the highest applied concentration of piclidenoson (1,500 nM) reduced the metabolic activity of PBMCs (p < 0.05) and increased the percentage of late apoptotic (p < 0.05) and necrotic cells (p < 0.01). Non-toxic concentrations (250, 500, and 1,000 nM) decreased the proliferation of PBMCs (p < 0.05) compared to the control cells. These concentrations also decreased the production of TNF-? (p < 0.001). Piclidenoson at concentrations of 250 and 1,000 nM reduced the production of IL-23 (p < 0.05) while the concentrations of 500 and 1,000 nM reduced the production of IL-36 (p < 0.05). Piclidenoson at 1,000 nM increased IL-1? production, while other concentrations decreased its production (p < 0.01). The highest concentration (1,000 nM) inhibited the production of IL-5 (p < 0.05) and IFN-? (p < 0.01) while all applied concentrations inhibited the production of IL-17 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, piclidenoson increased the production of IL-10 in all applied concentrations (p < 0.01). Conclusion. At non-toxic concentrations, piclidenoson exerts anti-inflammatory properties associated with the inhibition of proliferation and modulation of cytokine production in PHA-stimulated PBMCs culture.

Ovaj rad u svom uvodnom dijelu nudi informaciju o dvodnevnoj međunarodnoj naučnoj konferenciji Institucija hifza Kur’ana u Bosni i Hercegovini, o njenom značaju, učesnicima i izloženim radovima. U drugom dijelu se fokusira, kao nastavak tematici Konferencije, na temu odnosa između hifza Kur’ana i razumijevanja značenja njegovog teksta. Govori se o dilemi šta je za muslimana važnije: memorisanje Teksta ili njegovo razumijevanje. Nudi se odgovor na tu dilemu i nudi metoda učenja hifza uz razumijevanje sadržaja. Na kraju se predlaže određeni oblik druženja hafiza jednog područja na programu analize odabranih odlomaka iz Kur’ana i preuzimanje ponuđenih pouka i principa iz njega važnih za praktični život muslimana uopće, a posebno hafiza kao primjernih individua ovog ummeta.

Selecting a tractor is one of the most complex investment decisions an agricultural producer faces. There are numerous types of tractors on the market, each differing in technical, economic, and ecological characteristics. The aim of this research is to demonstrate how multi-criteria analysis methods can aid in this decision-making process, using a practical example of selecting an optimal tractor for the Myzeqe area in Albania. In this study, a decision-making model was developed based on a hybrid fuzzy methodology, combining the fuzzy LOPCOW (Logarithmic Percentage Change-Driven Objective Weighting) and fuzzy MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) methods. The findings show that the determination of criterion weights is less crucial, with the T15 tractor exhibiting the best overall indicators. This research primarily contributes to developing a methodology in agriculture that enhances production outcomes.

This paper aims to generalize linear models for the multiproduct break-even point. Taking into consideration identified research gaps, the paper focuses on deriving formulas for determining the multiproduct break-even point through determination models. Different assumptions regarding the constancy of individual product contribution structures to total physical production volume, total revenue, total variable costs, and total contribution margin are taken into account. Additionally, connections between the obtained solutions from different models and different assumptions regarding the constancy of individual product contributions are established. The verification of the optimality of solutions obtained through different determination models is conducted by comparing them with solutions derived from linear programming as a benchmark. The developed models are tested using a case study of a multiproduct company in the metal processing industry. Through comparative analysis, the hypotheses concerning obtaining an optimal solution and the identical nature of solutions derived from the determination model and linear programming are examined. This paper contributes to the understanding of the multiproduct break-even point, providing a theoretical and practical framework for evaluation and enabling the application of various determination models in the context of a multiproduct situation.

Providing an objective ranking of scientists based on their merit is a rather challenging task. Numerous factors complicate this endeavor, raising difficult questions about how such evaluations should be conducted. The goal of the present paper is to introduce a new measure for evaluating researchers’ performance, the Performance Impact Score (PIS), which combines both productivity and research impact. In this study, I compared the PIS with h-index scores for 108 researchers at the University of Sarajevo. More specifically, I examined the overlap between the top 20 researchers according to the PIS and the top 20 researchers according to Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS h-indexes. The concordance rate was 65% for Google Scholar and Web of Science, and 55% for SCOPUS. The analysis highlights the importance of considering both productivity and impact when evaluating researchers’ rankings. It is also evident that the top 20 researchers vary across different metrics. The results further demonstrate that creating a fair and just ranking system requires going beyond the data available in bibliometric databases, particularly in cases where researchers rank highly by one metric but perform poorly when evaluated by another.

he study aims to assess the capability of various data mining techniques in detecting inaccurate financial statements of government-owned enterprises operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Inaccurate financial statements indicate potential financial fraud. Prediction models of four classification algorithms (J48, KNN, MLP, and BayesNet) were examined using a dataset comprising 200 audited financial statements from government-owned enterprises under the supervision of the Audit Office of the Institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results obtained through data mining analysis reveal that a dataset encompassing seven balance sheet items provides the most comprehensive depiction of financial statement quality. These seven attributes are: opening entry of accounts receivable, profit (loss) at the end of the period, operating assets at the end of the period, accounts receivable at the end of the period, opening entry of operating assets, short term financial investments at the end of the period, and opening entry of short-term financial investments. By employing these seven attributes, the MLP algorithm was implemented to construct the most precise predictive model, achieving a 76% accurate classification rate for financial statements. Leveraging the identified attributes, a mathematical model could potentially be formulated to effectively predict financial statements of government-owned enterprises in FBiH. This, in turn, could considerably facilitate the process of selecting GOEs for inclusion in the annual work plan of state auditors. Presently, due to resource constraints, government-owned enterprises in FBiH do not undergo regular annual scrutiny by state auditors, with only 10 to 15 such enterprises being subject to audits each year. The results of this research can also be beneficial to both the public and the Financial Intelligence Agency in the FBiH. The paper contributes to filling the gap in the literature regarding the applied methodology, particularly in the part concerning the attributes used in the research.

Arsenic concentration in seafood could potentially reach very high levels and represent a significant health risk for humans. In this study, the concentration of arsenic in various seafood: crabs (shrimp, prawns), molluscs (mussels), and cephalopods (squid) available both fresh on the market and frozen in supermarkets in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina were determined by the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The results obtained using different matrix modifiers: Mg(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, Pd(NO3)2, and mixture Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2 were compared. The best recovery rate of 98.4 % arsenic for the reference material ERM-CE278k, was achieved after the addition of the mixture Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2 . The mean arsenic concentrations were 1.551 ? 0.836 mg kg-1 1.298 ? 0.410 mg kg-1, and 2.794 ? 0.958 mg kg-1 for crustaceans, molluscs and cephalopods, respectively, by using mixture Pd(NO3)2 + Mg(NO3)2 as matrix modifier. Arsenic concentrations in the same sample measured using different matrix modifiers varied widely, even above 70 %. With the current consumption rate of seafood products, both cancerogenic and non-cancerogenic risks associated with exposure to arsenic through seafood are very low for the residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Background: In recent years, research efforts have focused on understanding virtual environments and the importance of collaboration in such environments. The spread of remote working, exacerbated by the global pandemic and changing workforce dynamics, has meant that organizations are increasingly reliant on dispersed teams. Building trust in virtual teams is paramount to fostering effective collaboration, and achieving common goals. Trust reduces uncertainty, promotes collaboration and facilitates open communication between team members. Building trust in virtual contexts is challenging due to limited face-to-face interactions. In addition, knowledge sharing plays a crucial role in improving team effectiveness by enabling information sharing and problem solving. The lack of physical proximity in virtual environments is a barrier to spontaneous knowledge sharing and highlights the critical need for a culture that encourages knowledge sharing. Methodology: This study highlights the importance of cultivating a supportive virtual environment, ensuring psychological safety and utilizing technical platforms to facilitate information sharing. Quantitative data and survey methods are used to explore the integral impact of trust, knowledge sharing, collaboration, and team effectiveness. Findings and Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to the existing literature on virtual teamwork by highlighting techniques and practices that improve team performance. The finding that trust and information sharing play a central role in virtual teams can help organizations develop effective virtual work policies, design appropriate training programs, and select suitable collaboration platforms. Limitations and Future Research: While the study provides valuable insights, the generalizability of the findings to other contexts is limited by the restriction to a single sample. Replicating the study in different organizational contexts would improve the robustness of the results. Furthermore, the cross-sectional nature of the study limits the possibility of proving causality. Future research efforts could use longitudinal studies to examine the complex relationships between trust, teamwork, collaboration, and knowledge sharing over time.

The article aims to mathematically model processes that occur in non-metallic heterogeneous materials when active thermography methods were used for deep study control. Currently, the trend in industrial development is using non-metallic heterogeneous mediums as a system of various components as structural materials. Such materials are characterized by improved physical and mechanical properties, which can be adjusted by selecting compositions and the ratio of component phases and macrostructure. At the same time, they are characterized by disadvantages such as variability of volume and time properties and the presence of various defects. Effective control methods are of particular importance to ensure the quality and reliability of products made from materials of this class. In the article, the authors analyzed the capabilities of existing non-destructive testing methods for flaw detection of products made of non-metallic heterogeneous materials. When developing a new and improving an existing measurement method, the problem of establishing a set of radiation parameters was used. This allowed for describing the state of the material with the necessary accuracy and the functional connections of these parameters with the latter’s characteristics.

Eduard von Keyserlings erster Roman Fräulein Rosa Herz (1887) war kein Bestseller. Da sich Keyserling später selbst von seinem Frühwerk distanzierte, überrascht auch die vernachlässigende Einstellung der Forschung gegenüber diesem Werk nicht. Für das Verständis von Keyserlings Poetik erweist sich der Roman jedoch als wichtige Grundlage. Der Text behandelt viele zeitspezifische Themen, darunter auch die Adoleszenz, wobei Keyserlings Schreiben generell der weiblichen Adoleszenz mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Die einzelnen Problempunkte, die Keyserling dabei aufgreift, werden auch in diesem Beitrag dargestellt. Obwohl Fräulein Rosa Herz in den 80er Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts erscheint und traditionell nicht als Adoleszenzroman bezeichnet wurde, kann der Roman als interessanter und wertvoller Beitrag zur Adoleszenzliteratur der Moderne betrachtet werden.

The paper aims to explore the impact of state audits of grants in the public sector on reducing non-compliance with legal regulations. The research was conducted over a ten-year period among federal and cantonal ministries in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) responsible for planning and distributing grant funds as part of their regular duties. The research results show that the total number of recommendations given during the observed 10-year period was 1,666, including: 245 recommendations related to grant planning, 684 recommendations related to the distribution of grant funds, 554 recommendations concerning the oversight of the designated expenditure of allocated funds, 74 recommendations concerning grant implementation reporting, and 109 recommendations regarding the accuracy of accounting records. During the observed ten-year period, the number of recommendations decreased by 75%. The research results also indicate that the adoption of stricter guidelines for grant management has a strong impact on reducing the number of identified irregularities. The paper also presents an analysis of the most common causes of irregularities. The results of the conducted research will contribute to filling the literature gap on the importance of grant audits, the most common causes of identified irregularities, and the significance of stricter legal regulations and clearer rules related to grant management.