Aim To investigate the relationship between postoperative serum thyroglobulin level ​​and outcome of therapy with I-131 of follicular thyroid cancer. Methods A total of 106 patients with follicular thyroid cancer who were being treated and monitored at the Clinic for Nuclear Medicine at Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo were included. The inclusion criteria were: surgery of total thyroidectomy, histopathological diagnosis of follicular thyroid cancer, and applied therapy with radioactive iodine. Exclusion criteria were patients with incomplete data, who were not treated with radioidine treatment, or had a different histopathological diagnosis. Postoperative serum thyroglobulin levels were correlated with results of whole body scintigraphies after 12 months (first diagnostic scintigraphy) and whole body scintigraphies after 24 months (second diagnostic scintigraphy). Results The higher frequency of recurrent disease in patients with elevated level of thyroglobulin was found compared to patients with lower postoperative thyroglobulin level. Elevated level ​​of postoperative thyroglobulin correlated with positive scintigraphy findings, i.e., with the occurrence of recurrence and/or metastases in patients with follicular cancer. The cut-off level of postoperative thyroglobulin for recurrence and/or metastasis, i.e. for failure of ablative therapy with I-131, was >12.6 ng/mL. Conclusion  Our study showed that level of postoperative thyroglobulin is an important prognostic factor for the outcome of radiodine therapy of follicular thyroid cancer and should be taken into account in deciding on therapy in this type of cancer in everyday practice Keywords: prognosis, radioiodine, thyroid neoplasm, recurrence.

This study focuses on evaluating the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (lat. Punica granatum L.) peel extracts obtained through various extraction methods, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), Soxhlet extraction, and maceration, using methanol and 96% ethanol as solvents. These techniques were chosen for their differing effects on the preservation of thermosensitive phytochemicals. Antioxidant potential was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with absorbance measured at 517 nm using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results demonstrated that the efficiency of antioxidant activity largely depended on the extraction method and solvent used. A lower IC50 value indicates higher antioxidant activity, as it reflects a greater efficiency in neutralizing free radicals at a lower concentration. Extracts obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction exhibited the highest radical scavenging capacity with an IC50 value of 19.049 μg/mL, while those obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol showed comparatively weaker activity with an IC50 value of 34.210 μg/mL, likely due to the thermal degradation of sensitive bioactive compounds. The maceration method, although mild and solvent-efficient, yielded moderate antioxidant activity, highlighting the balance between extraction intensity and preservation of functional constituents. The study emphasizes the importance of optimizing extraction conditions to maximize the recovery of bioactive compounds from plant materials. Given the phytochemical richness and biological potential of pomegranate peel, the findings support its application as a natural source of antioxidants in the development of dermocosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations aimed at combating oxidative stress and disorders related to hyperpigmentation and skin aging.

Background It has long been hypothesized that increasing heritability with age of cognitive and educational performance is partly attributable to evocative gene–environment correlation. However, this hypothesis has not been widely tested. Methods We addressed this gap by examining whether children's education polygenic scores (PGSedu ) were associated with maternal self‐reported positive and literacy‐focused parenting when children were 5 years old, and if evoked parenting differences mediated genetic effects on children's educational outcomes (mother‐reported at 6–8 years of age), while controlling for parental PGSedu . We also investigated whether maternal reports of children's language at 5 years old were associated with parenting and mediated genetic effects on educational performance. These questions were addressed in a sample of 83,627 parent‐offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study, a longitudinal population‐based pregnancy cohort. Results Children's PGSedu were significantly associated with maternal literacy‐focused (β = .03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.05], p = .021) but not positive parenting (β = 0.01, 95% CI [−0.02, 0.05], p = .410), and literacy‐focused parenting significantly mediated the effects of children's PGSedu on their educational performance (β = 0.01, 95% CI [1 × 10−3, 0.01], p = .023). Children's language was associated with maternal parenting and mediated the effects of children's PGSedu on their educational performance (β = 0.01, 95% CI [3 × 10−3, 0.02], p = .002). Conclusions These findings support our hypotheses and suggest early language and parenting may be mechanisms implicated in the pathways from children's genetics to their educational outcomes.

Personalised nutrition (PN) has emerged as an approach to optimise individual health outcomes through more targeted and tailored dietary recommendations based on unique genetic, phenotypic, medical, lifestyle and contextual factors. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to achieve personalised nutrition advice at a scale that has population impact. This review introduces a nutrition audience to different AI applications and offers insights into the concepts of AI that might be relevant to the field of nutrition research. The current and future uses of AI in PN are discussed, as well as the potential benefits and challenges to their application. AI-driven solutions have the potential to improve health and reduce the risk of disease because they can consider more information about an individual in making recommendations. However, challenges such as data interoperability, ethical considerations, and model interpretability remain an issue limiting widespread use at this point. This review will provide a foundational understanding of the application of AI within PN and help to identify opportunities to leverage the potential of AI in transforming dietary guidance and enhancing health outcomes through innovative solutions.

Plant species with strong antioxidant activity used in traditional medicine of B&H-Sambucus nigra, Filipendula vulgaris, Helichrysum italicum, Epilobium angustifolium, Crataegus rhipidophylla, Thymus serpyllum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Symphytum officinale, Corylus avellana, and Rubus fruticosus-were analysed for their phenolic profiles and cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the highest concentration of phenolic acids in S. officinale extract. Catechin, rutin, and quercetin were identified in the majority of extracts. Rutin was most abundant, especially in S. nigra flowers (9.39 mg/g DW). AChE and BChE inhibition was determined spectrophotometrically. All extracts showed activity, with AChE IC50 ranging from 0.08 mg/mL (V. myrtillus) to 8.31 mg/mL (H. italicum), and BChE from 5.35 mg/mL (T. serpyllum) to 13.26 mg/mL (C. rhipidophylla). These findings highlight the neuroprotective potential of B&H medicinal plants, with molecular docking showing phenolics like rosmarinic acid and rutin inhibit cholinesterases. Merging traditional medicinal knowledge and molecular insights offers a novel path for discovery.

Hypothermia-related deaths present significant diagnostic challenges due to non-specific and often inconsistent autopsy findings. This study investigated the histological and immunohistochemical alterations associated with primary and secondary hypothermia in an experimental Rattus norvegicus model, focusing on the effects of benzodiazepine and alcohol ingestion. Twenty-one male rats were divided into three groups: control (K), benzodiazepine-treated (B), and alcohol-treated (A). After two weeks of substance administration, hypothermia was induced and multiple organ samples were analyzed. Histologically, renal tissue showed hydropic and vacuolar degeneration, congestion, and acute tubular injury across all groups, with no significant differences in E-cadherin expression. Lung samples revealed congestion, emphysema, and hemorrhage, with more pronounced vascular congestion in the alcohol and benzodiazepine groups. Cardiac tissue exhibited vacuolar degeneration and protein denaturation, particularly in substance-exposed animals. The spleen showed preserved architecture but increased erythrocyte infiltration and significantly elevated myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive granulocytes in the intoxicated groups. Liver samples demonstrated congestion, focal necrosis, and subcapsular hemorrhage, especially in the alcohol group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in MPO expression in both lung and spleen tissues, with the highest levels observed in the benzodiazepine group. Similarly, CK7 and CK20 expression in the gastroesophageal junction was significantly elevated in both alcohol- and benzodiazepine-treated animals compared to the controls. In contrast, E-cadherin expression in the kidney did not differ significantly among the groups. These findings suggest that specific histological and immunohistochemical patterns, particularly involving pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, and splenic tissues, may help differentiate primary hypothermia from substance-related secondary hypothermia. The study underscores the value of integrating toxicological, histological, and molecular analyses to enhance the forensic assessment of hypothermia-related fatalities. Future research should aim to validate these markers in human autopsy series and explore additional molecular indicators to refine diagnostic accuracy in forensic pathology.

Aim To assess Qualitiy of life (QoL) in adults by comparing two groups, the one with diagnosed hearing loss (HL) and the other without hearing complaints. Methods This cross-sectional study included 110 consecutive voluntary adult  patients divided in two groups: patients with hearing loss and control group. All participants , after examination , answered to a questionnaires on sociodemographic, clinical data and the World health Organization Quality of Life- Short version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Among 110 adults  participants, 59  were with hearing loss (hearing loss group – HLG) and 19  in hearing loss  with hearing aid group (HLHAG) and 51 in control group.  Consistently  higher score  in the domains of physical health (p=0.036) and psychological health (p=0.024) in control group was found; other domains did not reach statistical significance Significant differences between the HLHAG and control group in physical health (mean difference = -11.3; p=0.036) and psychological health (mean difference = -11.3; p=0.029) was confirmed. Conculsion Hearing loss could decrease QoL. Therefore, it is very important to recognize hearing impairment in a timely manner and to take a serious approach to treatment.

There is little research on sexting in the LGBTQ+ population, especially among LGBTQ+ adolescents and emerging adults who face particular challenges such as body image concerns. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the role of body image factors (body surveillance, body shame, control beliefs) in predicting sexting motivations and behavior in LGBTQ+ youth, adolescents and emerging adults. A total of 847 LGBTQ+ individuals (366 adolescents and 481 emerging adults) from Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia participated in the online study. The results suggest that, on average, LGBTQ+ adolescents are more motivated to sext than LGBTQ+ emerging adults, but do not differ in the frequency of sexting behavior. The body shame was significantly positively correlated with sexting motivation, while other body-related variables were not correlated with sexting (motivation and behavior). Additionally, among adolescents, control beliefs were negatively correlated with sexting motivation. The strength of these correlations differs between adolescents and emerging adults and is stronger in adolescents. The results of this study provide novel evidence of the complex interplay between body image and sexting motivation and behavior in adolescents and emerging adults, highlighting that body variables are generally more important for adolescents than for emerging LBTQ+.

INTRODUCTION The rat sciatic nerve crush injury model is commonly employed to evaluate the efficacy of treatments aimed at promoting nerve regeneration. This review examines various crush techniques and the types of nerve injuries they are designed to produce. METHODS A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for studies published between 2010 and 2024. Studies were included if they involved surgical crush injuries on the rat sciatic nerve, performed at least one sensory functional evaluation, and compared outcomes with naive or sham controls. Crush techniques and the resulting nerve injuries were analyzed based on postoperative sensory evaluations. RESULTS Of the 48 studies reviewed, 21 met the inclusion criteria. The crush techniques used included clamp (11 studies), forceps (5), clip (4), and others (1), all of which resulted in sensory impairments. Ten studies reported transient impairments with recovery to control levels, while 11 reported no recovery during the observation period (permanent). The transient group had significantly longer observation periods compared to the permanent group (57.7 vs. 17.4 days, p = 0.0009). ROC analysis determined 25 days as the optimal cutoff to distinguish transient from permanent injuries, with 90.0% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. DISCUSSION Regardless of the technique used, the induced nerve injury aligns with axonotmesis, characterized by spontaneous recovery over time. To accurately evaluate functional recovery, a minimum postoperative observation period of 4 weeks is recommended. This model is best suited for assessing rapid-acting agents, as spontaneous recovery may obscure the effects of slower-acting treatments.

Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of estimating the speech reception threshold (SRT) based on electroencephalography (EEG), termed SRTneuro, in younger normal-hearing (YNH) participants. This method may support speech perception in hearing-aid users through continuous adaptation of noise-reduction algorithms. The prevalence of hearing impairment and thereby hearing-aid use increases with age. The SRTneuro estimation is based on envelope reconstruction accuracy, which has also been shown to increase with age, possibly due to excitatory/inhibitory imbalance or recruitment of additional cortical regions. This could affect the estimated SRTneuro. This study investigated the age-related changes in the temporal response function (TRF) and the feasibility of SRTneuro estimation across age. Twenty YNH and 22 older normal-hearing (ONH) participants listened to audiobook excerpts at various signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) while EEG was recorded using 66 scalp electrodes and 12 in-ear-EEG electrodes. A linear decoder reconstructed the speech envelope, and the Pearson's correlation was calculated between the reconstructed and speech-stimulus envelopes. A sigmoid function was fitted to the reconstruction-accuracy-versus-SNR data points, and the midpoint was used as the estimated SRTneuro. The results show that the SRTneuro can be estimated with similar precision in both age groups, whether using all scalp electrodes or only those in and around the ear. This consistency across age groups was observed despite physiological differences, with the ONH participants showing higher reconstruction accuracies and greater TRF amplitudes. Overall, these findings demonstrate the robustness of the SRTneuro method in older individuals and highlight its potential for applications in age-related hearing loss and hearing-aid technology.

This study aims to investigate individual and joint effects of digitalization and inbound open innovation (OI) on technological (product and process) innovations in German firms. In particular, two specific forms of digitalization are considered – artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics (BDA), as well as the search breadth as a measure of inbound OI. To answer this research question, an econometric analysis is conducted on a sample of Germany firms using the Mannheim Innovation Panel dataset from the wave conducted in 2019 and covering the period 2016–2018. Moreover, the study reports results for the manufacturing and service sectors separately. This sectoral analysis sheds light on any potential differences in the innovation effects of digitalization and OI practices. Our empirical findings are heterogeneous and show that, overall, AI positively impacts product innovation, while BDA increases the likelihood of process innovation. Moreover, AI and the breadth of knowledge search do not yield synergistic innovation effects, while BDA weakens the positive impact of search breadth on process innovation. Based on empirical findings, we discuss theoretical, managerial and policy implications. This study contributes to the literature by examining the influence of digitalization and inbound OI on technological, product and process innovations. In addition, this study examines the mediating effect that digitalization and inbound OI can exert on technological innovation in German firms. The full sample is divided into manufacturing and service sectors to disentangle potentially heterogeneous effects of inbound OI and digitalization on innovation performance.

In this pilot study, a subset of CALERIE Phase 2 (No. NCT00427193, registered 25th Jan 2007) participants (n = 26) were evaluated for the effects of 2 years of 25% calorie restriction (CR) on N-glycosylation of IgG, plasma, and complement C3, as well as IgG-based biological age (GlycAge). Plasma samples were collected at baseline (BL), 12 (12mo), and 24 months (24mo). IgG galactosylation was higher at 24mo compared to BL (p = 0.051) and increased from 12mo to 24mo (p = 0.016); GlycAge decreased over the same period (p = 0.027). GlycAge was positively associated with TNF-α (p = 0.030) and ICAM-1 (p = 0.017). Between BL and 24mo, plasma high-branched glycans declined (p = 0.013), bisecting GlcNAcs increased in both plasma (p < 0.001) and IgG (p = 0.01), complement C3 protein (p < 0.001), C3-Man9 (p < 0.001), and C3-Man9Glc1C3 (p = 0.046) were reduced. The absence of a control group warrants cautious interpretation.