Small bowel and ileocecal diseases remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, despite the introduction of various modalities for deep enteroscopy. Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy is an innovative technology that uses an overtube with a raised spiral at the distal end to pleat the small intestine. It consumes less time and meets both the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of small bowel diseases. The objective of this article is to highlight the possibility of using NMSE as an alternative technique when a target lesion is inaccessible during conventional colonoscopy or cecal intubation cannot be achieved. We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented with pain in the right lower abdominal segment, diarrhea, and rapid weight loss for more than 3 months. An initial ultrasound showed a suspicious liver metastasis. Computerized tomography scans showed an extensive ileocecal tumor mass with liver metastasis. The colonoscopy was unsuccessful and incomplete due to dolichocolon and intestinal tortuosity. Later, endoscopy was performed using a Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscope in a retrograde approach, passing the scope through the anus and colon up to the ileocecal segment, where a tumor biopsy was performed and adenocarcinoma was pathohistologically confirmed.

In recent years, it has been shown that gastrointestinal microflora has a substantial impact on the development of a large number of chronic diseases. The imbalance in the number or type of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to diseases and conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, and small bowel cancers. This can occur as a result of genetics, alcohol, tobacco, chemotherapeutics, cytostatics, as well as antibiotic overuse. Due to this, essential taxa can be lost, and the host’s metabolism can be severely affected. A less known condition called small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can be seen in patients who suffer from hypochlorhydria and small intestine cancers. It is characterized as a state in which the bacterial population in the small intestine exceeds 105–106 organisms/mL. The latest examination methods such as double-balloon enteroscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy have the potential to increase the accuracy and precision of diagnosis and provide better patient care. This review paper aims to summarize the effect of the gastrointestinal environment on chronic disease severity and the development of cancers.

The aim of this article was to present a summary of the current resources available in the literature regarding the role of inflammation in anal cancer development. Anal cancer is relatively uncommon, accounting for about 2.7% of all reported gastrointestinal cancers in the United States. However, the importance of understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors for anal cancer has been recognized over the last several decades due to a noticed increase in incidence worldwide. Infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology cause chronic inflammation that promotes tumorigenesis. The association between chronic inflammation and cancer development is widely accepted. It is based on different pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cellular transformation and changes in immunological response, allowing tumor cells to avoid apoptosis and immune surveillance. However, there are still many molecular and cellular mechanisms that remain largely unexplored. Further studies on this topic could be of tremendous significance in elucidating anal cancer pathogenesis and developing immunotherapeutic approaches for its treatment.