Background: Early risk stratification in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is clinically important, where management relies on routinely available laboratory data. This study evaluated the association of conventional inflammatory, coagulation, hematologic, and oxygenation-related parameters, together with derived thrombo-inflammatory indices, with in-hospital mortality. Methods: This retrospective single-centre cohort study included 78 hospitalised patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 and documented in-hospital outcomes. Variables included oxygen saturation, leukocyte differential parameters, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and creatinine. Derived indices included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, D-dimer-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio, and an exploratory scaled thrombo-inflammatory hypoxemia-lymphopenia index. Group comparisons, receiver operating characteristic analysis, and age-adjusted logistic regression were performed. Results: Of the 78 patients, 66 survived, and 12 died. Non-survivors had lower oxygen saturation and higher C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil percentage and count, and lower lymphocyte percentage and count. Among the derived indices, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, D-dimer-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the exploratory scaled thrombo-inflammatory hypoxemia-lymphopenia index were higher in non-survivors. C-reactive protein, D-dimer, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the exploratory scaled thrombo-inflammatory hypoxemia-lymphopenia index remained associated with mortality in age-adjusted models. Conclusion: In hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019, in-hospital mortality was associated with higher systemic inflammation, greater coagulation activation, more pronounced lymphopenia, and lower oxygen saturation. Routine laboratory biomarkers and derived thrombo-inflammatory indices may support early mortality-oriented risk stratification.

Rad analizira izazove i specifičnosti primjene metode diskontovanog slobodnog novčanog toka (DCF) na nelikvidnim tržištima kapitala, sa fokusom na Banjalučku berzu. Motivi istraživanja proističu iz potrebe za objektivnijim vrednovanjem kapitala u uslovima visoke tržišne volatilnosti i informacione asimetrije, te neophodnosti usklađivanja domaće prakse sa novim globalnim okvirom IVS 2025. Centralni predmet rada je utvrđivanje unutrašnje vrijednosti akcionarskog društva Telekom Srpske a.d. Banja Luka, uz kritički osvrt na kvantifikaciju neopipljivih rizika. Poseban doprinos rada ogleda se u integraciji ESG faktora (ekoloških, socijalnih i upravljačkih) kroz specifične premije rizika unutar WACC modela. Rezultati analize, uz primjenu svjesno konzervativne diskontne stope od 14,42%, ukazuju na unutrašnju vrijednost od 1,70 KM po akciji. Ovako postavljen visok WACC, iako iznad industrijskog prosjeka, služi kao neophodan filter za institucionalne rizike i nelikvidnost. Analiza osjetljivosti je potvrdila da je cijena akcije veoma volatilna, sa rasponom od 1,43 KM do 2,04 KM, što opravdava napuštanje statičnih procjena. Preporuke istraživanja usmjerene su na obavezno uvođenje standardizovanog ESG izvještavanja za listirana društva kako bi se smanjila subjektivnost procjenitelja. Takođe, afirmiše se upotreba profesionalnog skepticizma i analiza osjetljivosti kao nezaobilaznih elemenata u procesu donošenja investicionih odluka na nerazvijenim tržištima. Rad zaključuje da na malim berzama transparentnost nije samo regulatorni zahtjev, već direktan generator tržišne vrijednosti, dok IVS 2025 standardi pružaju neophodan okvir za zaštitu integriteta profesije.

Digital culture is recognised as one of the key company competencies associated with a sustainable competitive advantage. Leaders play a vital role in creating a digital culture that enhances the company’s digital competencies by investing in individual and company knowledge to increase its innovation capacity. The study indicates that combining transformational and transactional leadership is essential for shaping digital culture successfully. The positive correlation between the level of development of digital culture and competitive advantage highlights the strategic importance of digital culture in raising a company’s digital maturity and ability to compete. The findings that companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria invest more in company knowledge than individual knowledge open new perspectives in strategic planning. Companies should balance knowledge investment at individual and company levels to foster innovation. As leadership, digital culture, and balanced knowledge investment collectively contribute to innovation and sustainable competitive advantage, there is a need for a holistic approach to address this issue.

Postpenalna podrška, kao skup mjera i aktivnosti koje su u službi pripreme i osposobljavanja resocijalizovanog maloljetnog prijestupnika za povratak u zajednicu, u Bosni i Hercegovini nije normativno uređena kao jedinstven i sistemski definisan institut. U kontekstu maloljetničkog krivičnog pravosuđa, postpenalna podrška ima posebno značajnu ulogu, s obzirom da se odnosi na lica koja predstavljaju razvojno osjetljivu kategoriju, kod koje je proces resocijalizacije neraskidivo povezan s psihosocijalnim razvojem, obrazovanjem, stečenim vještinama, porodičnim prilikama i spremnosti zajednice da ne stigmatizira „bivšeg počinioca krivičnog djela“. U radu ćemo akcentirati unutrašnju (internu ili institucionalnu) postpenalnu podršku koja se odnosi na pripremu maloljetnog prijestupnika za povratak u zajednicu. Adekvatna penološka individualizacija i profesionalni pristup osoba koje rade sa maloljetnicima u ustanovi, ostavljaju veću vjerovatnoću uspjeha u ostvarivanju specijalne prevencije.  Obzirom na cilj rada da pokažemo značaj ove vrste postpenalne podrške za konačnu resocijalizaciju i uspješnu reintegraciju maloljetnika, u radu su prikazani modeli unutrašnje postpenalne podrške maloljetniku u skandinavskim zemljama koji mogu poslužiti kao primjer i inspiracija, pogotovo sa aspekta stope recidivizma koje ove zemlje ostvaruju. Ovakav pristup podrazumijeva dugotrajan proces koji uključuje širok spektar aktera sa posebnom osjetljivošću i posvećenošću postizanju resocijalizacije maloljetnih prijestupnika. Za Bosnu i Hercegovinu značio bi inspiraciju ka budućim reformama ovog, veoma značajnog segmenta borbe protiv maloljetničkog prestupništva.

Open-RAN is transforming 5G and Beyond-5G networks by promoting openness, flexibility, and interoperability across network components. However, this architectural shift introduces new security challenges due to expanded attack surfaces, distributed control mechanisms, and exposed interfaces. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) struggle to address the dynamic threat landscape of O-RAN environments. To address this challenge, we propose ORANGuard, an Artificial Intelligence-driven dual-tier intrusion detection and mitigation framework for O-RAN environments. ORANGuard comprises two core modules: Real-Time Guard (RT-Guard), a real-time threat detection model deployed in the Near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC), and Non-Real-Time Guard (NRT-Guard), a periodic anomaly analysis model operating within the Non-Real-Time RIC, together enabling multi-level threat detection. The framework is built on an end-to-end 5G O-RAN testbed using srsRAN and Open5GS, capturing E2 measurements under both benign and attack conditions. Custom scripts simulated anomalous scenarios, including DDoS, producing a dataset of 17,052 E2 measurement records across a testbed of 4 gNodeBs and 12 UEs. RT-Guard, based on Random Forest, achieved 96.7% accuracy, while NRT-Guard, using an Autoencoder, reached 95.6%. The hierarchical dual-tier decision rule achieved 99.5% accuracy on the held-out test set. RT-Guard required a median detection latency of 5.2 ms and a median detect-and-enforce latency of 17.9 ms, whereas NRT-Guard required 283.6 ms after closure of its one-second analysis window. These results demonstrate the complementary low-latency and anomaly-analysis capabilities of ORANGuard for O-RAN security.

Thymoquinone (TQ) has significant in vitro therapeutic potential, but its chemical instability limits experimental reproducibility. This study investigates TQ thermal and photolytic degradation kinetics in various biological matrices to establish robust handling protocols. TQ solutions (10, 50, and 100 µM) were analyzed using a validated HPLC-UV method employing an Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, USA) with a Zorbax C18 column (4.6x150mm, 5 um). Photostability was assessed in a Suntest CPS+ chamber (Atlas, USA) per ICH Q1B guidelines (1.2 × 106 lux·h at 35°C for 9 h). Thermal stability was tracked for 168 h at 5°C, ambient, 25°C /60% RH, and 40°C /75% RH in serum-free and complete (10% fetal bovine serum, Elabscience, China) RPMI 1640 and DMEM. Photolytic stress caused extensive degradation, with 0.01% TQ remaining after 9h. Thermal degradation showed concentration-dependent, pseudo-first-order kinetics. Ambient exposure led to complete degradation within 24-96 h. Refrigerated storage (5°C) reduced degradation but recovery fell below 42% after 7 days. Matrix composition significantly influenced stability; DMEM and serum presence provided a partial protective effect, while RPMI formulations yielded less consistent recovery profiles. TQ exhibits high thermal and photolytic instability in cell media. ICH-compliant light triggers near-complete degradation, demanding immediate light protection during sample preparation. Although storage at 5°C improves short-term stability, substantial loss occurs over time. TQ stability is highly matrix-dependent, showing enhanced persistence in DMEM and serum-supplemented media. Strict light protection and minimized storage times are mandatory for reliable in vitro screening.

Talent management has become one of the most significant strategic functions of contemporary human resource management because organizations increasingly depend on highly skilled and motivated employees to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Globalization, digital transformation, demographic changes, and rapid technological development have intensified competition for talented employees, making talent management a critical organizational capability rather than merely a human resource practice. The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between talent management, employee engagement, and organizational performance through both theoretical analysis and empirical investigation. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 120 employees working in public and private sector organizations. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were applied to examine the relationships among the observed variables. The results indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between talent management and organizational performance (r = 0.62; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that talent management positively influences employee engagement, which contributes to improved organizational outcomes. The results support the assumption that organizations investing in employee development, career planning, leadership development, and retention strategies achieve higher levels of productivity, innovativeness, and overall organizational effectiveness.