Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that extends beyond musculoskeletal and dermatologic involvement to elevate cardiometabolic risk. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of systemic inflammation in metabolic dysregulation, accelerating insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress, all of which contribute to the increased burden of cardiovascular disease in PsA. This review explores the intricate interplay between inflammatory mediators—such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17),—adipokine imbalances, and lipid metabolism abnormalities, all of which foster endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The dysregulation of adipokines, including leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, further perpetuates inflammatory cascades, exacerbating cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the metabolic alterations seen in PsA, particularly insulin resistance and lipid dysfunction, not only contribute to cardiovascular comorbidities but also impact disease severity and therapeutic response. Understanding these mechanistic links is imperative for refining risk stratification strategies and tailoring interventions. By integrating targeted immunomodulatory therapies with metabolic and cardiovascular risk management, a more comprehensive approach to PsA treatment can be achieved. Future research must focus on elucidating shared inflammatory and metabolic pathways, enabling the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to mitigate both systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic complications in PsA.

Abstract The adoption of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/78/282, designating 11 July as the International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Srebrenica genocide, embodies a significant effort in combating genocide denial. However, the Resolution generated substantial preemptive and reactive backlash, sparked by a global network of actors committed to revising the history of the 1990s. This article provides a detailed account of the resolution’s contextual history within the UN, as well as an analysis of the geopolitical and ideological underpinnings of Srebrenica genocide denial as a tool of regional nationalist and revisionist agendas. As a salient example, the article explores the coordinated campaign led by Serbia and Republika Srpska to undermine the resolution, utilizing it to mobilize nationalist tropes, discredit international institutions, and reinforce denialist narratives.

Abstract Pike-perch Sander lucioperca is a native species originally present in the Black Sea basin of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the 1990s, it was introduced to the Neretva River and its reservoir system, and since 2009 the species has been recorded in Lake Boračko and Buško Blato Reservoir. The aim of this study is to analyse the distribution of S. lucioperca in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on literature data (1975–2024) and to define areas where the species has been introduced in order to assess the risk of potential invasiveness. The results indicate that S. lucioperca belongs to the high-risk category. Since the same risk ranking has been confirmed in recent studies on aquatic ecosystems in other geographical areas, the conclusion is that pike-perch could soon pose a potential threat to native species and aquatic ecosystems in Bosnia and Herzegovina if mitigation measures are not implemented.

The peritrophic matrix (PM) is a non-cellular, glycan-rich structure that lines the gut epithelium of most invertebrates, including arthropod vectors that transmit diseases of public health and veterinary concern. This semipermeable barrier, functionally analogous to the vertebrate mucosal layer, separates the gut lumen from epithelial cells and provides protection against invading pathogens and their toxins. Beyond its mechanical protective role in the gut, the PM plays a crucial part in arthropod innate immunity. Here, we summarize the most recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of vector-pathogen interactions in blood-feeding arthropods and discuss the significance of the PM in modulating vector competence. This knowledge could contribute to the development of novel strategies to control vector-borne infections.

Introduction: Aneurysms of brain vessels are life-threatening conditions with various adverse outcomes, some stemming from microsurgical intervention, particularly when major vessel perforators are inadequately protected. The use of endoscopes enhances the approach to aneurysms by providing closer visualization (180–360 degrees) of the local anatomy, potentially reducing accidental damage. To improve visualization and efficiency, a microscope-integrated 45-degree angled microinspection endoscopic tool (QEVO®, Carl Zeiss, OberkochenTM) has been developed and employed in various neurosurgical procedures. Methods: Between 2021 and 2025, 27 brain aneurysms were treated with QEVO® assistance at the Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. The choice of the videos corresponds to the best image quality in videos and on the microscopic determination of adjacent vessel perforators, which were not adequately seen purely by the surgical microscope in specific cases. Exclusion criteria included cases without a need for QEVO® assistance in perforator visualization, severe brain edema, intraoperative aneurysm rupture, posterior circulation, or low video quality. Results: Case 1 demonstrates an anterior choroidal artery (AchA) aneurysm; Case 2 presents an anterior communicating artery (AcommA) aneurysm; and Case 3 features contralateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) microsurgical clipping with QEVO® assistance. Conclusions: The QEVO® tool significantly improves the visualization of aneurysm–perforator relationships, increasing the likelihood of preserving perforators during standard microsurgical clipping. This innovative approach may reduce surgical complications and enhance patient outcomes, highlighting the tool’s potential as an adjunct in aneurysm microsurgery.

Background/Objectives: Syncope is a common clinical occurrence, with neurally mediated and orthostatic types accounting for about 75% of cases. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, with recent evidence suggesting autonomic nervous system damage and a potential infectious etiology. This study aimed to examine the role of infection in the development of syncope and orthostatic hypotension (OH). Methods: The cross-sectional study included 806 patients from the Neurocardiological Laboratory of the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Dedinje”. Patients were divided into three groups: unexplained recurrent syncope (n = 506), syncope with OH during the head-up tilt test (HUTT) (n = 235), and OH without a history of syncope (n = 62). All participants underwent the HUTT, and 495 underwent serological testing for various microorganisms. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary and multinomial logistic regression. Results: The HUTT was positive in 90.6% of patients with syncope and OH, compared with 61.6% with syncope alone (p < 0.001). Serological testing revealed that 57.85% of syncope patients, 62.9% of syncope with OH patients, and 78% of OH patients had positive IgM antibodies to at least one microorganism. Multivariate analysis indicated that IgM antibodies to Coxsackievirus and Epstein–Barr virus were significant predictors of OH. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a potential association between infections and syncope/OH. Further investigation into the role of infectious agents in autonomic dysfunction is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms of syncope and OH.

The paper presents the application of the universal motion controller to a 6-DOF robotic manipulator in a realistic simulation environment within the Robot Operating System (ROS). This approach addresses the limitations of earlier simulation methods. ROS allows for the measurement of interaction forces, a feature significant for validating the universal motion controller. This evaluation represents a crucial step toward bridging the gap between simulation and real-world implementation on robotic systems, highlighting the controller's robustness and adaptability under realistic conditions. Two control laws are implemented: one featuring exponential convergence and the other finite-time convergence. Furthermore, a method for managing both redundant and non-redundant tasks is utilized. The control code is written in discrete time using C++, which is particularly significant due to its ease of implementation on hardware systems.