An efficient and energetic fight against crime, especially against specific forms of organized crime, which, by its nature, implies the acquisition of property benefits obtained through criminal offenses, at the same time implies and obligates the timely and efficient initiation and conduct of financial investigation. This investigation is an effective means of forfeiture of the proceeds of crime and is usually conducted in the phase of conducting a classic investigation when certain conditions are met, from which it follows that its initiation, implementation and conduct is not conditioned by raising and confirming of an indictment. The competent prosecutor of Bosnia and Herzegovina independently and autonomously decides on the initiation and conduct of financial investigation, so that it is not necessary to obtain any prior consent, approval or order from the competent court. The management and supervisory role during the conduct of financial investigation belongs to the competent prosecutor, who orders its conduct by issuing an order. In the implementation or enforcement sense, authorized police officers have a key and dominant role in timely, efficient and legal conduct of financial investigation, which includes the discovery of proceeds of crime, and the collection of necessary evidence for the efficient conduct and conclusion of criminal proceedings. The Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not specifically regulate financial investigations. This investigation is prescribed by special laws (lex specialis) at the level of the Entities of the Federation of BiH and the Republika Srpska, as well as Brčko District of BiH. However, at the state level, although the law does not directly define the initiation and conduct of financial investigation, it derives from the general concept of the investigation, so that it is applied when it comes to criminal offenses that involve the proceeds of crime.

Abstract This article explores antigender mobilisation – a global phenomenon that challenges and undermines gender equality – with a focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Using a political process model of social movements, it examines antigender activities and tactics within broader social, institutional, and political contexts. Drawing on qualitative interviews and focus groups with activists, journalists, and other professionals with lived experience, the study highlights how narratives centred on tradition and family values intersect with wartime legacies, ethnic divisions, prevailing conservativism, political conditions, and international influences. In the Republika Srpska entity, such campaigns have been supported by the state and systematically coordinated, posing serious threats to women’s and LGBTQ+ rights. Elsewhere in BiH, antigender rhetoric persists but remains more fragmented. The findings demonstrate how local dynamics intersect with transnational trends, revealing the mechanisms by which antigender mobilisation undermines gender equality in a postconflict setting.

Abstract This paper examines the application of Benford’s Law in the forensic analysis of cash flow statements of business entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through empirical research, the following hypotheses were tested: increasing and decreasing items in cash flow statements follow Benford’s Law, and there is no statistically significant difference in the first-digit distribution between increasing and decreasing items. The results show that decreasing items follow Benford’s Law, while increasing items exhibit statistically significant deviations. Additionally, for most digits, no statistically significant difference was found between increasing and decreasing items, except for the digit 3. The findings indicate the need to educate auditors about the application possibilities of Benford’s Law, as well as its wider use with the aim of reducing audit costs and increasing audit efficiency.

Abstract This paper examines the factors influencing the ethical conduct of accountants and auditors in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), focusing on four key dimensions: personal interests and motives, work experience and professional competence, legal protection and market factors, and moral attitudes and the cultural environment, including religion and social norms. The research was conducted on a sample of 89 accountants and auditors using a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Respondents expressed their views on various aspects of ethical behaviour within the profession. Parametric statistical methods, the Z-test and Repeated Measures ANOVA, were employed to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that the cultural environment, including national customs and social norms, exerts a stronger influence on the ethical behaviour of accountants and auditors than religious beliefs. The study provides empirical evidence on the relative importance of different factors shaping ethical behaviour in the accounting and auditing profession, with particular emphasis on the role of culture as opposed to religion.

Volume 1 of the FCC Feasibility Report presents an overview of the physics case, experimental programme, and detector concepts for the Future Circular Collider (FCC). This volume outlines how FCC would address some of the most profound open questions in particle physics, from precision studies of the Higgs and EW bosons and of the top quark, to the exploration of physics beyond the Standard Model. The report reviews the experimental opportunities offered by the staged implementation of FCC, beginning with an electron-positron collider (FCC-ee), operating at several centre-of-mass energies, followed by a hadron collider (FCC-hh). Benchmark examples are given of the expected physics performance, in terms of precision and sensitivity to new phenomena, of each collider stage. Detector requirements and conceptual designs for FCC-ee experiments are discussed, as are the specific demands that the physics programme imposes on the accelerator in the domains of the calibration of the collision energy, and the interface region between the accelerator and the detector. The report also highlights advances in detector, software and computing technologies, as well as the theoretical tools/reconstruction techniques that will enable the precision measurements and discovery potential of the FCC experimental programme. The content and structure of this report are guided by the scope and priorities defined in the mandate of the FCC Feasibility Study. It is therefore not intended to serve as an exhaustive review of the full physics potential of FCC. Several topics, already covered in earlier reports such as the FCC CDR, are not reiterated here or are addressed only briefly, in alignment with the study’s focus. This volume reflects the outcome of a global collaborative effort involving hundreds of scientists and institutions, aided by a dedicated community-building coordination, and provides a targeted assessment of the scientific opportunities and experimental foundations of the FCC programme.

Fenestrated aortic arch prostheses represent a robust therapeutic option for select pathologies. The Najuta is a semicustomized stent graft designed to achieve reliable sealing zones for the supra-aortic vessels through a variable number of fenestrations. A defining aspect of the procedure is the creation of a through-and-through wire (TATW), which is executed through a transaxillary approach via the fenestration of the brachiocephalic trunk. The omission of the catheter rendezvous technique for safe removal of the TATW, as described herein, may result in severe complications, including damage to the fabric or secondary dislocation of the stent graft, potentially leading to catastrophic outcomes such as aortic dissection or stroke. During implantation, the Najuta prosthesis is introduced using a 4-m soft Terumo wire configured in a transaxillary-transfemoral TATW arrangement. A loop is then formed around the aortic valve, facilitating the safe advancement of the prosthesis into the aortic arch. This loop configuration must be untied after implantation. If this is performed carelessly, excessive tension may be exerted on the medial edge of the brachiocephalic trunk fenestration, which may potentially lead to fabric damage or secondary dislocation of the entire prosthesis. To avoid this, catheters are inserted via both the transaxillary and transfemoral access points. These catheters meet at the loop area in a controlled “rendezvous” maneuver, enabling the safe removal of the TATW via the transaxillary access. The catheter rendezvous technique ensures the safe extraction of the loop TATW during the implantation of the Najuta prosthesis, thereby enhancing procedural safety and minimizing patient risk.