Im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes werden einige wichtige Aspekte des ästhetischen Lernens bei der transkulturellen Vermittlung von Literatur dargestellt, mit dem Ziel zu zeigen, wie die systematische Interpretation ausgezeichneter literarischer Werke in der Ausbildung von Lehrenden zur humanistischen Bildung bzw. transkulturellen Vermittlung humanistischer Werte beiträgt, während gleichzeitig die Sprachkompetenzen der Lernenden gefördert werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung fand im Rahmen eines universitären Unterrichtsprojektes statt. Sie zeigt auf, wie die ästhetische Erfahrung bei der literarischen Übersetzung durch den spielerischen Umgang mit Sprache ermöglicht wird sowie durch die Auseinandersetzung mit gelungenen sprachlich vermittelten Bildern, Sinnbildern und Metaphern, die nicht unbedingt kulturologisch geprägt sind, sondern vielmehr mit der Transformation von der persönlichen zur universal-menschlichen Erfahrung zu tun haben.

Purpose This paper aims to examine the state of the art in electronic records management (ERM) with the goal of identifying the prevailing research topics, gaps and issues in the field. Design/methodology/approach First, a wide search was performed on academic research databases, limited to the period between 2008–2018. Second, the search results were reviewed for relevance and duplicates. Finally, the study sources were checked against the list of journals and conferences ranked by computing research and education and JourQual. The final sample of 55 selected studies was analyzed in depth. Findings ERM has lost some research momentum due to being deeply embedded in affiliate information systems areas and the changing records management landscape. Additionally, the requirement models specified by Governmental/National Archives might have constrained technology innovation in ERM. A lack of application was identified for the social media research area. Research limitations/implications Limitations were encountered in available search tool functionality and keyword confusion leading to inflated search results. While effort has been made to obtain optimal search results, some relevant articles may have been omitted. Originality/value The last ERM state-of-the-art review was in 1997. A lot has changed since then. This paper will help researchers understand the current state of ERM research, its understudied areas and identify gaps for future studies.

Maintaining item banks that continually reflect the measured construct can be achieved through periodically removing obsolete items and adding validated items.

AIM To critically evaluate the reporting quality of a random sample of clinical trials published in Endodontics against the PRIRATE 2020 checklist and to analyse the association between the quality of reported trials and a variety of parameters. METHODOLOGY Fifty randomized clinical trials relating to Endodontics were randomly selected from the PubMed database from 2015 to 2019 and evaluated by two independent reviewers. For each trial, a score of '1' was awarded when it fully reported each item in the PRIRATE guidelines whereas a score of '0' was awarded when an item was not reported; when the item was reported inadequately a score of '0.5' was awarded. For the items that were not relevant to the trial, 'Not Applicable (NA)' was given. Based on the interquartile range of the overall scores received, trials were categorized into 'Low' (0-58.4%), 'Moderate' (58.5-72.8%) and 'High' (72.9-100%) quality. The associations between characteristics and quality of clinical trials were investigated. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis and percentage analyses were used to describe the data. To determine the significance of categorical data, the chi-square test was used. The probability value 0.05 was considered as the level of significance. RESULTS Based on the overall scores, 13 (26%), 25(50%) and 12 (24%) of the reports of clinical trials were categorized as 'High', 'Moderate' and 'Low' quality, respectively. Three items (1b, 6d, 11e) were adequately reported in all manuscripts whilst two items (5k, 5m) were scored 'NA' in all the reports. The reports published from Europe had a significantly greater percentage of 'High'-quality scores, compared to Asia, Middle East, North America and South America (P = 0.0002). The 'High'-quality reports were published significantly more often in impact factor journals (P = 0.045). Reports of clinical trials published in journals that adhered to the CONSORT guidelines had significantly more 'High' scores compared to those that did not (P = 0.008). Clinical trials with protocols registered a priori had a significantly greater percentage of 'High' scores compared to the trials that were not registered in advance (P = 0.003). No significant difference occurred between the quality of clinical trials and the number of authors, journal (Endodontic specialty vs. Non-Endodontic specialty) or year of publication. CONCLUSIONS Reports of randomized clinical trials published in the speciality of Endodontics had a substantial number of deficiencies. To create high-quality reports of clinical trials, authors should comply with the PRIRATE 2020 guidelines.

ABSTRACT Introduction: There are growing concerns among European health authorities regarding increasing prices for new cancer medicines, prices not necessarily linked to health gain and the implications for the sustainability of their healthcare systems. Areas covered: Narrative discussion principally among payers and their advisers regarding potential approaches to the pricing of new cancer medicines. Expert opinion: A number of potential pricing approaches are discussed including minimum effectiveness levels for new cancer medicines, managed entry agreements, multicriteria decision analyses (MCDAs), differential/tiered pricing, fair pricing models, amortization models as well as de-linkage models. We are likely to see a growth in alternative pricing deliberations in view of ongoing challenges. These include the considerable number of new oncology medicines in development including new gene therapies, new oncology medicines being launched with uncertainty regarding their value, and continued high prices coupled with the extent of confidential discounts for reimbursement. However, balanced against the need for new cancer medicines. This will lead to greater scrutiny over the prices of patent oncology medicines as more standard medicines lose their patent, calls for greater transparency as well as new models including amortization models. We will be monitoring these developments.

Fagus sylvatica is widely distributed across Europe thanks to its high adaptability in a wide variety of soils and climate. Microbial communities are essential for maintaining forest soil quality a...

In the teaching process, the relationship between students and university teachers is an important determinant of the quality learning and teaching process. The concepts of didactic theories provide a different approach to the didactic - methodical determination of teaching, and the position of students in the scientific - teaching process in relation to the concept of the old school and the traditional pedagogical paradigm of teaching. The student is observed and experienced as a collaborator, learning partner, authoritarian teaching styles are abandoned, democratically oriented communication and interaction are developed, with mutual respect, tolerance and respect for all participants in the teaching process. The analytical - descriptive method, comparative analysis and content analysis were used. The relationship and position of students and university teachers in the teaching process through the prism of didactic theories advocated by Christina Moller and Felix von Cube are presented. The issues of selectivity, cooperation and competitiveness as a starting point for defining the position of students in teaching, purposes and goals of learning, based on the modern pedagogical paradigmatic orientation of the “learning society”, and the analysis of the position and position of students and university teachers through the prism of cyber-information didactic theories and curriculum theories.

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is a large number of non-sanitary landfills and landfills where pharmaceutical waste from households is being disposed, as well as the medical waste from different health institutions. Expired pharmaceuticals are mostly being disposed there, because there is very little attention paid on waste sorting at the place of its origin. Now days, there are thousands of different medicine, and mainly, along with the other household waste, expired antibiotics are disposed of too. Degradation of expired pharmaceuticals in the environment very often leads to formation of products with completely different properties in regards to the original compound, but also it is not uncommon for those newly formed products to be more toxic than the original ones. This paper analyses the impact of rainwater infiltration on the body of the landfill where expired pharmaceuticals are being disposed of, as well as other medical waste at municipal landfills in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Field studies on the size of the rainwater infiltration as a function of different parameters have been conducted, and also degradation analysis of different expired drugs that are being disposed of in landfills has been performed.

Water, whether in a concrete or abstract sense, has an irreplaceable role in every culture and literary tradition in Bosnia and Herzegovina – from the elementary essential-biological to the ambient and psychological in the representations of space and people. This paper will, through concrete examples, examine the role of water topos in works of Bosnian literature precisely through these segments. The theoretical part indicates what the water topos represents, and the interpretive part sees water as a motif and symbol in the structure of the literary text and emphasizes the inscription of factional geographical toponyms/hydronyms, as well as fictitious abstract (a) topos in the poetic identities of the text (and opus in its entirety). In all this, we try to prove the hypothesis that water is an identifying determinant of a certain space and time, and in the cognitive-identity sense an important marker of cultures, social communities and individuals.

Introduction/Objectives: Health authorities are facing increasing challenges to the sustainability of their healthcare systems because of the growing expenditures on medicines, including new, high-priced oncology medicines, and changes in disease prevalence in their ageing populations. Medicine prices in European countries are greatly affected by the ability to negotiate reasonable prices. Concerns have been expressed that prices of patented medicines do not fall sufficiently after the introduction of lower-cost generic oncology medicines. The objective of this study was to examine the associations over time in selected European countries between the prices of oral oncology medicines, population size, and gross domestic product (GDP) before and after the introduction of generic versions. Evidence of periodic reassessments of the price, value, and place in treatment of these medicines was also looked for. The goal of this review was to stimulate debate about possible improvements in approaches to reimbursement negotiations. Methodology: Analysis was performed of reimbursed prices of three oral oncology medicines (imatinib, erlotinib and fludarabine) between 2013 and 2017 across Europe. Correlations were explored between GDP, population size, and prices. Findings were compared with previous research regarding prices of generic oral oncology medicines. Results: The prices of imatinib, erlotinib and fludarabine varied among European countries, and there was limited price erosion over time in the absence of generics. There appeared to be no correlation between population size and price, but higher prices of on-patent oral cancer medicines were seen among countries with higher GDP per capita. Conclusion: Limited price erosion for patented medicines contributed to increases in oncology medicine budgets across the region. There was also a concerning lack of evidence re-assessments of the price, value, and place in treatment of patented oncology medicines following the loss of patent protection of standard medicines. The use of such proactive re-assessments in negotiating tactics might positively impact global expenditures for oncology medicines.

This review paper offers a definition and explanation of the self-care concept as one of the basic ways of developing and nurturing professional and personal capacities and maintaining healthy boundaries between the professional and personal life of helpers. The paper also emphasizes the ethical components of self-care as an imperative of helpers to take care of their own mental and physical health. Challenges for the development and maintenance of skills and conditions for the sustainability of self-care in the helping professions are described and analyzed from the perspective of personal responsibility and the institution’s obligation to ensure healthy working conditions and professional growth and development. Introduction to the self-care concept and comparative analysis is presented through the presentation of various, mostly foreign studies that have monitored the effects of self-care on the overall health of helpers and their professional effects. The paper also describes the adverse consequences of the lack of self-care skills and activities that encourage it. It also emphasizes the negative effects on the health of the helpers and their work potential. In conclusion, guidelines are defined for the development and maintenance of the helper's self-care, important both for his satisfaction in personal life and especially in professional success and self-actualization.

The aim of the study was to test two assumptions about the lateralization of the processing of emotional facial expressions: the assumption of right hemisphere dominance and the valence assumption and to egsamine the influence of gender of the presented stimulus (chimera) and depression as an emotional state of participants. The sample consisted of 83 female students, with an average age of 20 years. Participants solved the Task of Recognizing Emotional Facial Expressions on a computer and then completed the DASS-21, Depression subscale. The results of the study partially confirmed the assumption of valence for the dependent variable - the accuracy of the response. Participants were recognizing more accurately the emotion of sadness than happiness when it is presented on the left side of the face, which is consistent with the valence hypothesis, according to which the right hemisphere is responsible for recognizing negative emotions. However, when it comes to the right side of the face, participants were equally accurately recognizing the emotion of sadness and happiness, which is not consistent with the valence hypothesis. The main effect of the gender of the chimera was statistically significant for the accuracy of the response, the recognition accuracy was higher for the male chimeras compared to the female. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between the variable sides of the face (left and right) with the achieved result on the depression subscale for the dependent variable - reaction time. The higher the score on the depressive subscale, the slower (longer) is reaction time to the presented chimera, both on the left and on the right.