OBJECTIVES To compare the clinicopathologic features, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) with those of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). SUBJECTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study used SEER data from 1983 to 2022, including 461 MTSCC, 133,229 ccRCC, and 29,442 PRCC cases. Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were analyzed using chi-square, ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Kaplan-Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for overall (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS), adjusting for age, sex, race, stage, grade, treatment, and metastasis status. RESULTS MTSCC patients were more often female (54.9%), Black (20.6%), and aged ≥70 years (50.5%) compared to ccRCC and PRCC (P < 0.001). MTSCC had a lower incidence of distant metastasis than ccRCC (8.7% vs. 9.5%), but higher than PRCC (4.2%). Although most MTSCC patients presented with early-stage disease and underwent surgery (87.9%), they had the shortest mean survival (47.9 months) and the highest proportion of deaths within 100 months (83.5%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher early mortality for MTSCC, with survival curves converging after 75 to 100 months. In adjusted models, MTSCC was associated with a nonsignificant increase in mortality compared to ccRCC (OS HR: 1.36, P = 0.422; DSS HR: 1.13, P = 0.832), while PRCC had a significantly higher DSS risk (HR: 1.24, P = 0.001). Poor survival in MTSCC was associated with older age, high-grade tumors, distant metastases, and absence of surgery. CONCLUSION MTSCC shows distinct demographic and clinical features and a paradoxically shorter survival despite early-stage presentation. Early mortality may contribute to its poorer outcomes, indicating that MTSCC is not uniformly indolent. Closer surveillance and individualized risk assessment are warranted in selected patients.

Summary Background Comprehensive, comparable, and timely estimates of demographic metrics—including life expectancy and age-specific mortality—are essential for evaluating, understanding, and addressing trends in population health. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of timely and all-cause mortality estimates for being able to respond to changing trends in health outcomes, showing a strong need for demographic analysis tools that can produce all-cause mortality estimates more rapidly with more readily available all-age vital registration (VR) data. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is an ongoing research effort that quantifies human health by estimating a range of epidemiological quantities of interest across time, age, sex, location, cause, and risk. This study—part of the latest GBD release, GBD 2023—aims to provide new and updated estimates of all-cause mortality and life expectancy for 1950 to 2023 using a novel statistical model that accounts for complex correlation structures in demographic data across age and time. Methods We used 24 025 data sources from VR, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources to estimate all-cause mortality for males, females, and all sexes combined across 25 age groups in 204 countries and territories as well as 660 subnational units in 20 countries and territories, for the years 1950–2023. For the first time, we used complete birth history data for ages 5–14 years, age-specific sibling history data for ages 15–49 years, and age-specific mortality data from Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems. We developed a single statistical model that incorporates both parametric and non-parametric methods, referred to as OneMod, to produce estimates of all-cause mortality for each age-sex-location group. OneMod includes two main steps: a detailed regression analysis with a generalised linear modelling tool that accounts for age-specific covariate effects such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a population attributable fraction (PAF) for all risk factors combined; and a non-parametric analysis of residuals using a multivariate kernel regression model that smooths across age and time to adaptably follow trends in the data without overfitting. We calibrated asymptotic uncertainty estimates using Pearson residuals to produce 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) and corresponding 1000 draws. Life expectancy was calculated from age-specific mortality rates with standard demographic methods. For each measure, 95% UIs were calculated with the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings In 2023, 60·1 million (95% UI 59·0–61·1) deaths occurred globally, of which 4·67 million (4·59–4·75) were in children younger than 5 years. Due to considerable population growth and ageing since 1950, the number of annual deaths globally increased by 35·2% (32·2–38·4) over the 1950–2023 study period, during which the global age-standardised all-cause mortality rate declined by 66·6% (65·8–67·3). Trends in age-specific mortality rates between 2011 and 2023 varied by age group and location, with the largest decline in under-5 mortality occurring in east Asia (67·7% decrease); the largest increases in mortality for those aged 5–14 years, 25–29 years, and 30–39 years occurring in high-income North America (11·5%, 31·7%, and 49·9%, respectively); and the largest increases in mortality for those aged 15–19 years and 20–24 years occurring in Eastern Europe (53·9% and 40·1%, respectively). We also identified higher than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 5–14 years (87·3% higher in GBD 2023 than GBD 2021 on average across countries and territories over the 1950–2021 period) and for females aged 15–29 years (61·2% higher), as well as lower than previously estimated mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa for all sexes combined aged 50 years and older (13·2% lower), reflecting advances in our modelling approach. Global life expectancy followed three distinct trends over the study period. First, between 1950 and 2019, there were considerable improvements, from 51·2 (50·6–51·7) years for females and 47·9 (47·4–48·4) years for males in 1950 to 76·3 (76·2–76·4) years for females and 71·4 (71·3–71·5) years for males in 2019. Second, this period was followed by a decrease in life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic, to 74·7 (74·6–74·8) years for females and 69·3 (69·2–69·4) years for males in 2021. Finally, the world experienced a period of post-pandemic recovery in 2022 and 2023, wherein life expectancy generally returned to pre-pandemic (2019) levels in 2023 (76·3 [76·0–76·6] years for females and 71·5 [71·2–71·8] years for males). 194 (95·1%) of 204 countries and territories experienced at least partial post-pandemic recovery in age-standardised mortality rates by 2023, with 61·8% (126 of 204) recovering to or falling below pre-pandemic levels. There were several mortality trajectories during and following the pandemic across countries and territories. Long-term mortality trends also varied considerably between age groups and locations, demonstrating the diverse landscape of health outcomes globally. Interpretation This analysis identified several key differences in mortality trends from previous estimates, including higher rates of adolescent mortality, higher rates of young adult mortality in females, and lower rates of mortality in older age groups in much of sub-Saharan Africa. The findings also highlight stark differences across countries and territories in the timing and scale of changes in all-cause mortality trends during and following the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–23). Our estimates of evolving trends in mortality and life expectancy across locations, ages, sexes, and SDI levels in recent years as well as over the entire 1950–2023 study period provide crucial information for governments, policy makers, and the public to ensure that health-care systems, economies, and societies are prepared to address the world's health needs, particularly in populations with higher rates of mortality than previously known. The estimates from this study provide a robust framework for GBD and a valuable foundation for policy development, implementation, and evaluation around the world. Funding Gates Foundation.

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects breathing and quality of life, and rehabilitation is crucial for reducing symptoms and improving overall health. While pharmacological treatments manage symptoms, physiotherapy and kinesitherapy are recognized as effective methods of rehabilitation. This review discusses current therapeutic approaches for allergic asthma, including aerobic exercises, breathing techniques, and postural exercises. This article reviews contemporary research on kinesitherapy and rehabilitation methods in the treatment of allergic asthma. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, we assessed the quality of 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Findings indicate that kinesitherapy improves lung function, reduces the frequency of asthma attacks, and enhances patient quality of life. Of the studies assessed, 12 showed a low risk of bias, bolstering the reliability of our conclusions. Nonetheless, methodological limitations in several studies highlight the need for rigorous research designs in future investigations of the effects of physical exercise on asthma rehabilitation. This review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests integrating kinesitherapy into standard asthma treatment protocols. Asthma often leads to decreased physical activity due to symptoms such as shortness of breath; however, guided kinesitherapy in rehabilitation can reduce attack frequency, improve lung function, and lower medication needs. The study highlights the need for more research on optimal rehabilitation protocols for allergic asthma.

The rise in the consumption of multimedia content has resulted in the demand to provide an exceptional user experience. However, modelling user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) presents a complex challenge. This fuels ongoing efforts to understand and measure QoE. To assess it, researchers rely on both subjective quality assessment (where users view and rate videos) and objective quality assessment (where quality metrics are designed to calculate perceived video quality). Although subjective evaluation is essential for mapping user experience to objective metrics, many studies omit the analysis of the impact of content preferences on user experience. This oversight limits our understanding of how video content influences QoE perception.To address this limitation, we created a multi-content video dataset with impairments based on realistic network conditions. Furthermore, we conducted a subjective study in a controlled environment evaluating the impact of user content category preferences and user video preference on QoE. One of our initial findings is that the actual video denoted as uninteresting by users had the most negative impact on the overall user QoE, but had no impact on user perception of other video degradations.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare heart defect present at birth. In this condition, the left coronary artery, which normally comes from the aorta, instead starts from the pulmonary artery. This abnormal connection can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage like heart attacks and increasing the risk of serious heart rhythm problems or sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Diagnosis is made through imaging studies, and treatment often involves surgical correction to restore normal coronary circulation. The prognosis of ALCAPA largely depends on the age at which it is diagnosed and the timing of treatment. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes. This case report presents a 11-year-old girl, who is an athlete, with late presentation of ALCAPA syndrome in the form of ventricular fibrillation leading to SCA. She had no previous symptoms, the electrocardiogram showed no abnormalities except for left axis deviation and the several echocardiograms showed no enlargement of the left ventricle, with possible big right coronary artery. ALCAPA has been confirmed by computed tomography coronary angiographyscan. Child was surgically treated by coronary artery transfer for ALCAPA with satisfactory outcome. The implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is still under consideration.

<p>This study investigates the forming of the inside radius in thin sheet&nbsp; bending using nonlinear simulations in SolidWorks. Various V-die sizes were analyzed to evaluate their influence on the bending process. Simulation results were compared with actual bent components and existing data from literature to assess accuracy and reliability. The findings demonstrate a strong correlation between simulated and realworld results, confirming the validity of SolidWorks' nonlinear simulation&nbsp;<br />capabilities in predicting material behavior during air bending. These insights contribute to improved die selection and process optimization, ensuring enhanced bending accuracy for manufacturing applications</p>

Background and purpose: Three genera and eleven species of Glossosomatidae family have been confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, there is limited research on the biodiversity of this family in the region, especially on molecular data. With this paper, we contribute to the knowledge on the Glossosomatidae family with the first molecular records for two species for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and methods: Larval samples of caddisflies were collected in April 2019 and 2021 at the area of the Natural Monument the Spring of Bosna River followed by morphological identification. Molecular confirmation of species was done using DNA barcoding, targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region using Folmer’s primers and degenerated primers LCO1490-JJ and HCO2198-JJ. All obtained PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced using the same primers as in PCR. Results: Out of 52 specimens, 18 were morphologically determined to species level. A DNA barcode was successfully generated for 16 specimens. Eight sequences were generated for Synagapetus krawanyi, revealing three haplotypes previously absent from the BOLD database. Four sequences were obtained for S. iridipennis, with one new haplotype for BOLD database. Conclusions: We present new data on species distribution and genetic diversity of S. krawanyi and S. iridipennis from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study contributes to the knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity and the Global Trichoptera Barcode Initiative by adding new records from two underrepresented species in the BOLD database.

Introduction: The main purpose of root canal filling materials is to provide an apical sealing that prevents the movement of bacteria and the diffusion of their metabolic products from the root canal system to periapical tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate’s (MTA), epoxy resin, and zinc oxide eugenol- based sealer with single cone obturation techniques using the dye extraction leakage method. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the Mtwo rotary file system to file 25/6. The teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 15); Group 1 obturated with AH plus, Group 2 obturated with MTA BIOSEAL, Group 3 obturated with Endoseal, Group 4 positive control (POS CTRL) root canals are processed but not obturated, and negative control- apex of teeth completely covered with nail varnish, canals are not treated or obturated. In the first three groups, the single cone obturation technique with gutta-percha 25/6 was used. Apical microleakage was assessed with the dye extraction method, where the absorbance of 2% methylene blue was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: The mean dye concentration values were MTA 22.79, AH plus 31.16, Endoseal 36.67, POS CTRL 280.15, negative control 9.01. Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference in apical microleakage between the investigated groups (F = 3448, p < 0.001). The MTA BIOSEAL showed significantly less apical microleakage than the AH plus and Endoseal. The AH plus showed less apical microleakage than the Endoseal, although there was no significant difference between these two sealers. Conclusion: With the limitation of the study, it was concluded that MTA sealers show statistically less apical leakage than AH Plus and Endoseal.

The paper presents an overview of usage of the analog and hybrid computers in education and research in the field of electrical engineering in the period of 1964–1988 at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Sarajevo. A brief description of the analog RAS and PACE 231R computers, and hybrid system HRS-100 is provided. Development of teaching is documented and illustrated, and line of research is presented with the detailed bibliography.

<p>A healthy and stable financial system is very important for the development and growth of a country, and its key role is to provide conditions that will enable the unhindered flow of financial resources. Given that the stability of the banking system represents, both nationally and internationally, a matter of general public interest, banks in all countries are subject to supervision by supervisory authorities. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision plays a key role in shaping international standards with the aim of preserving the stability of the financial system. This paper explores the impact of the implementation of Basel III standards on the operations of banks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), with an emphasis on capital adequacy, liquidity and risk management. The research was conducted using a quantitative method, using a structured questionnaire, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the research results. The analysis was conducted using a one-sample t-test to assess the deviation of respondents'&nbsp;attitudes from the neutral value. The results indicate a significant perception of the impact of Basel III standards on capital and risk management in the banking sector of the FBiH and provide a basis for improving the regulatory framework and bank supervision.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper analyzes the influence of basic turning parameters on&nbsp; vibrations and surface quality of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Due to specific mechanical properties, titanium processing often causes resonance, instability and increased roughness. The experiment was performed on a universal lathe, with varying cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, in order to&nbsp;<br />test different machining regimes. Vibration and roughness measurements confirmed that the best results are achieved by avoiding operating modes that cause resonance, thus reducing vibrations and improving surface quality. The obtained findings show that for a stable and precise machining process it is important to carefully select parameters and monitor vibrations in real time. In this way, the service life of the tool can be extended and a better quality of the finished product&nbsp;<br />can be achieved.</p>

<p>This paper focuses on the optimization of process parameters in band&nbsp; sawing of thick-walled cylindrical components made of G-X55CrNiSiS19-13-2 steel. The applied methodology is based on the integrated MOORATaguchi approach, utilizing the Taguchi L16 orthogonal array with three controlled factors: cutting speed, feed rate, and tool engagement length.&nbsp;<br />Measurable process parameters, particularly torque and power on the saw drive motor, were continuously monitored, while other indicators were indirectly determined using analytical methods. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate that all examined parameters have a significant influence on the overall process performance, as determined by&nbsp;<br />the application of the MOORA method.&nbsp;</p>

<p><i>This paper aimed to examine whether the level of knowledge of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants</i><i> </i><i>influences the readiness of accountants to act in accordance with its guidelines, even under pressure that can adversely affect their professional status. The survey was conducted among medium and large companies in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) in 2023, with a sample of 71 respondents. The results have shown a positive connection between the level of knowledge of the Code and the willingness to take ethical action, including situations with potentially negative consequences, such as paying salaries or losing jobs, for respondents. Additionally, professional accountants who are more familiar with the Code are more likely to report the unethical behavior of management, either to relevant institutions or to the public. However, in the FBiH business practice so far, such treatment is a rarity, which indicates a gap between theoretical knowledge and actual behaviour.</i></p>