This paper presents some results of research of reliability of using simple and low-cost Android-based handheld measurement units for DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) loop qualification a nd/or t roubleshooting. T he g oal o f t his p aper is provide the answer on key question whether such units can be used (and if so, under what circumstances) for quick and reliable evaluation of copper local loop properties, in respect to its ability for exploitation in certain DSL applications. A particular unit has been observing in several typical loop conditions (good loop, fault loop, etc.). Collected results were compared with those obtained from professional measurement equipment. It is shown that simple unit is more unfavourable to use compared to the professional one, in respect to determination of system actual performance. All results of measurements and observations are collected on real system in operation conditions.

Background: Cancer patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, partially owing to their compromised immune systems and curbed or cut cancer healthcare services caused by the pandemic. As a result, cancer caregivers may have to shoulder triple crises: the COVID-19 pandemic, pronounced healthcare needs from the patient, and elevated need for care from within. While technology-based health interventions have the potential to address unique challenges cancer caregivers face amid COVID-19, limited insights are available. Thus, to bridge this gap, we aim to identify technology-based interventions designed for cancer caregivers and report the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning cancer caregivers’ distinctive challenges amid COVID-19. Methods: A systematic search of the literature will be conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus from the database inception to the end of March, 2021. Articles that center on technology-based interventions for cancer caregivers will be included in the review. The search strategy will be developed in consultation with an academic librarian who is experienced in systematic review studies. Titles, abstracts, and full-text articles will be screened against eligibility criteria developed a priori. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be followed for the reporting process. Conclusions: COVID-19 has upended cancer care as we know it. Findings of this study can shed light on evidence-based and practical solutions cancer caregivers can utilize to mitigate the unique challenges they face amid COVID-19. Furthermore, results of this study will also offer valuable insights for researchers who aim to develop interventions for cancer caregivers in the context of COVID-19. In addition, we also expect to be able to identify areas for improvement that need to be addressed in order for health experts to more adequately help cancer caregivers weather the storm of global health crises like COVID-19 and beyond. Study Protocol Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020196301

Parental and familial factors influence numerous aspects of adolescents’ lives, including their physical activity level (PAL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in PAL which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to evaluate influence of sociodemographic and parental/familial factors on PAL levels before and during pandemic in adolescents from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample included 688 adolescents (15–18 years of age; 322 females) who were tested on two occasions: in January 2020 (baseline; before the COVID-19 pandemic) and in April 2020 (follow-up; during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown). Variables included PAL (measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents–PAQ-A) as well as sociodemographic-, parental-, and familial factors. A significant decline in PALs was recorded between baseline and follow-up (t-test: 11.88, p < 0.001). Approximately 50% of adolescents underwent sufficient PAL at baseline, while only 24% of them were achieving sufficient PAL at the time of follow-up measurement. Paternal education was positively correlated (OR (95%CI): baseline: 6.63 (4.58–9.96), follow-up: 3.33 (1.19–7.01)), while familial conflict was negatively correlated (baseline: 0.72 (0.57–0.90), follow-up: 0.77 (0.60–0.99)) with PALs before and during the pandemic. This study highlights the importance of the parent–child relationship and parental/familiar support in promoting physical activity both during regular life and during crises and health challenging situations like the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic rheumatic disease, very complex, with many different forms, progressive course, with pronounced changes in the joints, still unknown etiology and poorly understood pathology. Assessing of structural change can be done with proposed scores which observe changes on wrist and wrist joints, as a Sharp score. Aim: To examine the correlation between Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (Anti-CCP) values and Sharp score, and to determine the importance of Sharp score in the progression of RA. Methods: The study had prospective character and followed patients in the period from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. The study included 40 patients with RA. At the beginning of the follow-up of patients, X-ray of hands and feet were performed. Results: Out of total of 40 patients, 34 or 85% had a follow-up examination after one year. Of these, 14 patients (41.2%) were reported to have complications. The subjects were divided into two groups according to Anti-CCP values. First group included patients with Anti-CCP values <4 and second those who had Anti-CCP> 4. Statistical analysis of the number of patients with complications at first and repeated examination indicated that there were no significant differences and that the sample was consistent between the first and repeated results (p> 0.05). Patients with higher Anti-CCP values also had a higher Sharp score with statistically significant differences during repeated examination (p <0.05). Correlation analysis shows that there was statistically significant (p <0.05) positive correlation with Anti-CCP values, and that an increase in values leads to an increase in the Sharp score (first measurement rho = 0.193, p> 0.05; repeated measurement rho = 0.645, p <0.0001). No statistically significant differences in Sharp score values at the first examination were compared with the repeated examination, but there was a statistically significant difference after one year in patients with complications (X2 = 13,388; p = 0.001), indicating that the Sharp score reflects disease progression. Conclusion: Anti-CCP values are also directly correlated with the Sharp score, which should be routine in both initial and repeated examination of a patient with RA. Sharp’s score represents a marker of progression as well as of therapeutic modality of RA.

Internet of Things (IoT) becomes an emerging network technology that expedites billions of devices to be connected via the Internet to provide real-time intelligent application services. The benefits of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) can be used to fulfill IoT requirements. Quality of Service provisioning is an on-going demand in software-defined IoT (SD-IoT), particularly for large scale environments. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing a seamless model of AI-aided Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing and Dynamic Offloading in distributed fragmentation optimized SDN-IoT. Firstly, we propose a Multi-Criterion based Deep Packet Inspection method for classifying the network traffic, which is held in Edge Routers (access points). Secondly, we construct a Partially Connected Network Topology using the ISOMAP algorithm for an effective rule placement and routing. We propose a Traffic Differentiated QoS Routing for forwarding data packets via the most suitable switches. We select the optimum route by Deep Alternative Neural Network (DANN). Based on the relationships among switches, the path is selected and flow rules are deployed. The poor QoS is often caused by load imbalance in controllers and switches. To overwhelm this issue, we propose a Dynamic Offloading scheme in SD-IoT. We offload the data packets from the overloaded controller to the underloaded controller using Hassanat Distance-based K-nearest neighbors (HDK-NN) algorithm. Similarly, we propose a Ranking-based Entropy function (R-Ef) to allow dynamic offloading among switches. Simulation is performed using the NS3.26 simulator and the results proved that our proposed AI-aided SD-IoT model provides superior QoS performance compared to previous approaches.

While the genetic evolutionary features of solid tumour growth are becoming increasingly described, the spatial and physical nature of subclonal growth remains unclear. Here we utilise 102 macroscopic whole tumour images from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients, with matched genetic and phenotypic data from 756 biopsies. Utilising a digital image processing pipeline the boundaries between tumour and normal tissue were marked by a renal pathologist, and positions of boundary line and biopsy regions were extracted to X- and Y-coordinates. The coordinates were then integrated with genomic data to map exact spatial subclone locations, revealing how genetically distinct subclones grow and evolve spatially. A phenotype of advanced and more aggressive subclonal growth was present in the tumour centre, characterised by an elevated burden of somatic copy number alterations, higher necrosis, proliferation rate and Fuhrman grade. Moreover, metastasising subclones were found to preferentially originate from the tumour centre. Collectively these observations suggest a model of accelerated evolution in the tumour interior, with harsh hypoxic environmental conditions leading to heightened cellular turnover and greater opportunity for driver SCNAs to arise and expand due to selective advantage. Tumour subclone growth was found to be predominantly spatially contiguous in nature, with subclone dispersal a rare event found in two cases, which notably was associated with metastasis. In terms of genetic events, the largest subclones spatially were dominated by driver somatic copy number alterations, suggesting a large selective advantage can be conferred to subclones upon acquisition of these alterations. In conclusion, spatial dynamics is strongly associated with genomic alterations and plays an important role in tumour evolution.

The study of crystalluria is of great importance for the detection of substances of endogenous or exogenous origin that are present inthe urine, to a greater or lesser extent. Urinary sediment crystals can provide valuable answers for the assessment of therapeutic efficacy, as well as congenital and/or acquired pathophysiological conditions. The nature of the observed crystals informs the clinician of the biochemical irregularity of the urine. Crystalluria is of clinical significance only if it has been studied under good test conditions (sample selection, time and storage conditions). Crystalluria interpretations are performed on the basis of the urinary pH determined with statistically significant reliability. When studying crystalluria by light microscopy, it is necessary to provide light polarization or bidirectional illuminationin order to reduce the risk of diagnostic error.

U radu su korišteni podaci izmjere 377 modelnih stabala smreke koja su mjerena u oborenom stanju na širem području unutar državnih raznodobnih sastojina u Kantonu 10 (Hercegbosanski Kanton). Za određivanje volumena krupnog drveta stabala primijenjena je metoda sekcioniranja sa sekcijama nejednakih apsolutnih dužina (najčešće od 1 – 2 m). Za izravnanje veličina volumena krupnog drveta od prsnog promjera i visine stabala primijenjena je metoda višestruke regresijske analize. Za procjenu parametara korištenih funkcija, testiranje značajnosti njihovih razlika te provođenje raznih transformacija, kao softversko rješenje korišteni su StatGraphics Centurion XVII. i Statistica 8.0. U cilju izbora „najboljeg“ modela za procjenu volumena krupnog drveta testiran je veći broj poznatih dendrometrijskih dvoparametarskih volumnih funkcija. Kvaliteta izjednačenja i prikladnost testiranih modela ocjenjivani su na bazi utvrđenih veličina osnovnih statističkih pokazatelja za karakteriziranje jačine korelacijskih veza. Najbolje ocjene parametara pokazao je model V7=a0+a1d1,3+a2h+a3d1,3h+a4d1,32+a5 d1,32h uz utvrđeni koeficijent determinacije: R2 = 0,99 i veličinu standardne greške regresije Sey=0,24 m3. Testirajući značajnost razlika između stvarnih volumena stabala iz uzorka i volumena tih istih stabala utvrđenih primjenom odabranog regresijskog modela, utvrđen je prosječni postotak odstupanja od 0,44%. To znači da su u prosjeku za 0,44% niži volumeni u odnosu na stvarne volumene na uzorku od 377 stabala smreke, što ukazuje da je ovaj regresijski model upotrebljiv za primjenu u praktičnom radu, jer je taj prosječni postotak manji od 1%.

Introduction: Mathematical modeling of coronavirus disease spread and computer simulations are currently one of the main tools in public health that can give important indicators for prevention planning. Based on mathematical projections and daily updates of information, the measures are either tightened or reduced, in order to protect the health of the population. Aim: The aim of this paper is to present a computer system based on an adequate mathematical model that allows frequent execution of various scenarios of spread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in any period in the future. Also, the aim of this article is to point out the importance of measures for the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bosnia through examples of computer simulation models. Methods: Software solution based on the USLIRD model (Unpopulated - Susceptible - Latent - Infectious - Recovered - Deceased) was developed, with a number of variable parameters ‘reproduction number, delay period, infectivity period, hospital capacity, characteristics of population). By setting these parameters in accordance with the existing and available data, the model is brought to an optimized state with the possibility of a realistic assessment of the course of the infection curve in any future period. Data from the beginning of the pandemic are collected at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo and updated several times a day. The set of measures is divided into two types. 'Intervention 1' is a measure to close institutions that are at high risk for pandemics, working from home, wearing face mask, enhanced hygiene when entering facilities with a larger number of people. 'Intervention 2' presents restrictive measures that has been introduced as mandatory in Bosnia. The period 01.03.2020 to 01.09.2020 was observed. Results: Without epidemiological measures, Bosnia's health system would quickly collapse. Restrictive measures reduce the intensity of the spread of the infection, save human lives and keep the health system functional, but with consequences on other aspects of society - reduction of economic activities, collapse of the service industry and companies and disorders in mental health status of the population. Four different scenarios of the situation were analyzed. Scenario number three is current condition with measures that are currently in Bosnia. The reintroduction of restrictive measures leads to a decrease in the number of infected population and suppression of the spread of the pandemic, which is shown in scenario 4. Conclusion: Self-discipline, adherence to measures, while trying to avoid restrictive measures should be the way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Whatever the consequences, the initiation of restrictive measures to preserve the health of the population should be imperative.

A set of nine Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) loci, approved by the ECPGR Prunus working group, are proposed as a standard set for genotyping European plum accessions. These loci show sufficient reliability in spite of problems caused by hexaploidy. Polymorphism in the loci is high and enables differentiation between unique plum accessions as well as analyses of genetic grouping and overall genetic structure. A set of seven reference accessions are described. A compiled dataset with allelic information for 165 accessions is presented. Genetic structure reveals three different K-values (2, 4 and 9) demonstrating a major dichotomy between Prunus insititia-related accessions and cultivars belonging to Prunus domestica sensu stricto, as well as differentiation among minor subgroups defined by pomological traits and geographical origin.

This paper describes an example of an explainable AI (Artificial Intelligence) (XAI) in a form of Predictive Maintenance (PdM) scenario for manufacturing. Predictive maintenance has the potential of saving a lot of money by reducing and predicting machine breakdown. In this case study we work with generalized data to show how this scenario could look like with real production data. For this purpose, we created and evaluated a machine learning model based on a highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree in order to predict machine errors or tool failures. Although the case study is strictly experimental, we can conclude that explainable AI in form of focused analytic and reliable prediction model can reasonably contribute to prediction of maintenance tasks.

The work here proposed aims at presenting the legal perspectives provided in the law of administrative improbity (Law. 8,429 / 92), especially with regard to the applicability of the necessary review in cases of impropriety handed down in actions of such nature.  It is important to remember that the necessary review has no legal provision in Law 8,429 / 92. However, there is discussion in the doctrinal and jurisprudential scope regarding the application of the institute in actions of administrative improbity with an unfounded sentence. At first, the paper seeks to present some aspects of the Administrative Improbity Law. Therefore, in brief lines, it will explain about the purpose of the necessary review and, finally, it will demonstrate the disagreements about the application or not of the actions resulting from administrative improbity.