Although the influence of infill masonry on horizontal load structure behavior is well-documented, current standards and regulations have yet to fully incorporate or explicitly define the load-bearing capacity of this complex system. Canadian and American standards present more comprehensive and specific methodologies for calculating the load-bearing capacity of infill masonry and frame systems. In contrast, European standards tend to focus on offering general guidelines for the design of these systems without delving into the detailed calculation procedures. However, extensive data and experimental studies on this topic are available in the literature. The primary aim of this paper was to compile a database of experiments involving frames with different types of infill masonry. Subsequently, the empirical results obtained through the application of analytical expressions from various standards are compared to the experimental data included in the compiled database. The obtained load-bearing values were compared to different standards and work conducted by various researchers found in the literature in order to assess their reliability. Based on the obtained results, important conclusions were drawn, specifically to the most accurate equivalent diagonal model used and the analytical expressions to be used in the assessment of the masonry-infilled steel frame behavior. The equivalent diagonal model, utilized in all analytical expressions, can provide highly accurate estimations of load-bearing capacities that closely align with the experimental results. Regardless of the type of infill element, the analytical expressions consistently overestimated the load-bearing capacity. In the presence of longitudinal force, analytical expressions tend to be conservative, providing significantly lower load-bearing values compared with experimental results, which ensures a safety margin. The database can be utilized to develop numerical models, which can subsequently serve as the foundation for probabilistic methods used in conducting reliability assessments.

A genomic and transcriptomic analysis of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma reveals clinically relevant patterns of nongenetic evolution, including progressive immune dysfunction and cGAS–STING suppression.

Hazard vulnerability assessment of critical infrastructures (CIs) is crucial for ranking infrastructures based on their level of criticality, enabling the urban managers to prioritize CIs for allocating funds in the hazard mitigation/recovery process. This study aims to provide a framework for ranking CIs based on a rapid and preliminary flood vulnerability assessment by introducing a methodology for classifying CIs according to their vulnerability to riverine flooding. An indicator‐based vulnerability curve is calculated both quantitatively (using Fuzzy Logic Toolbox in MATLAB) and qualitatively (using susceptibility–exposure matrix), based on which CIs prioritization is accomplished with a focus on functional flood vulnerability considering structural/nonstructural damages. Besides, this study addresses the consequences that a damaged infrastructure may have on the rest of CIs and estimates their vulnerability given the additive impact of the surrounding failed infrastructures considering their interdependence. The methodology was applied to Berat (Albania) and Sarajevo (Bosnia‐Herzegovina) with findings compared to those of a multi‐criteria decision‐making‐based approach commonly used in CI ranking literature. The obtained results from both methods represent that roads are the most vulnerable studied infrastructure in the case of Berat, while regarding the city of Sarajevo, road infrastructures are considered the least vulnerable to riverine floods compared to bridges and schools.

When nonsequential double ionization is treated using the strong-field approximation and the saddle-point method, the transition amplitude can be expressed as a coherent sum of the partial amplitudes corresponding to different saddle-point (SP) solutions. For the case of the recollision excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism of the nonsequential double ionization, we examine the partial contributions of the SP solutions which correspond to the electron responsible for the excitation. For a monochromatic linearly polarized laser field, we find that, in addition to the pair of the SP solutions with the shortest travel time, other SP solutions may also make a significant contribution to the photoelectron yield. Moreover, the SP solutions appear in pairs and exhibit notable modifications in comparison to those observed in high-order above-threshold ionization. Furthermore, for a bichromatic linearly polarized driving field, we investigate the intensity range obtained using the simpleman’s model for which the RESI mechanism is dominant. We find that this range must be modified if the photoelectron yield corresponding to the SP solution for which the photoelectron has the highest energy upon return to the parent ion is small. This is particularly the case for the excitation channels involving loosely bound excited states.

In the Croatian apple germplasm, there are, presumably, unique genotypes that have not yet been documented in reference molecular databases. Due to similarities between accessions, incorrect names are often used, which creates a problem in the identification of accessions. Overall, 169 apple accessions and 11 reference cultivars from the largest ex situ apple collection in the Republic of Croatia were investigated within this study. The examined accessions have been genotyped using SSR markers. In order to assess the advantage of a high-resolution marker system, such as SNPs, compared to low-resolution markers, such as SSRs, a subset of 23 unique apple accessions and eight reference cultivars were genotyped using the 480K Affymetrix Axiom SNP array. Results obtained through the use of two marker systems revealed 26 synonyms, 40 duplicates, 13 mislabeling accessions, 45 accessions with confirmed identity (known cultivars), and 45 unique accessions, as well as the true identity of a large number of accessions, currently maintained at the Croatian National Apple Germplasm Bank. In order to investigate the pomological variability of unique apples, a three-year study was carried out on eleven pomological traits. The researched germplasm shows an exceptional diversity of pomological properties. Many of the accessions can be considered unique, and the results of the pomological characterization indicated that this germplasm contains valuable traits of interest for future breeding programs.

A novel method for solving the multiple-attribute decision-making problem is proposed using the complex Diophantine interval-valued Pythagorean normal set (CDIVPNS). This study aims to discuss aggregating operations and how they are interpreted. We discuss the concept of CDIVPN weighted averaging (CDIVPNWA), CDIVPN weighted geometric (CDIVPNWG), generalized CDIVPN weighted averaging (CGDIVPNWA) and generalized CGDIVPN weighted geometric (CGDIVPNWG). This study aimed to examine several aggregation operators using complex Diophantine interval-valued Pythagorean normal sets. We calculated the weighted average and geometric distance based on an aggregating model. We demonstrate that complex Diophantine interval-valued Pythagorean normal sets satisfy algebraic structures such as associative, distributive, idempotent, bounded, commutative and monotonic properties. In this study, we discuss the mathematical properties of the score and accuracy values. We provide an example of how enhanced score and accuracy values are used in the real world. Machine tool technology and computer science play essential roles in robots. To evaluate robotic systems, four factors must be considered such as tasks, precision, speed and completion of the work. Consequently, it is evident that the models are significantly influenced by the natural number \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\nabla$$\end{document}. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested approach, flowchart based multi-criteria decision-making is provided and applied to a numerical example. Additionally, a comparative study has been carried out to demonstrate the better results that the proposed approach provides when compared to current approaches.

<p><strong>Aim</strong> The position of science and scientific research in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&amp;H) is unfavourable. University education lacks research programs, hindering students from developing critical evaluation skills.&nbsp;<br /><strong>Methods</strong> This cross-sectional study examined knowledge, attitudes, experience and perceived barriers towards scientific research among biomedical students and recent graduates at the University of Sarajevo in B&amp;H. A self-reporting questionnaire was distributed via social networks and among students from all years of the Medical, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical faculties, the Faculty of Health Sciences, and the Faculty of Science, as well as recent graduates.<br /><strong>Results</strong> The survey was completed by 243 participants. The mean knowledge score of 4.3/11 was noticed; 216 (96%) believed research was necessary for healthcare improvement. Although 147 participants (65.3%) attended courses on research methodology, only 63 (28%) engaged in scientific research at their faculties. Only 5 (8.5%) employed graduates participated in research at their jobs. Almost half, 99 (44%) participants consulted scientific papers only upon recommendation. The majority of participants, 199 (82.2%), reported they experienced barriers to conducting research in B&amp;H.&nbsp;<br /><strong>Conclusion</strong> Biomedical students and graduates demonstrated limited research knowledge, but had positive attitudes and acknowledged significant barriers. Improved faculty curricula in research areas and more opportunities are needed.</p>