Cultural and event tourism plays a key role in the global tourism industry, contributing significantly to national, regional, and cross-border development strategies. It attracts visitors interested in cultural heritage, artistic events, and local traditions, supporting the preservation and promotion of local identity. Assessing cultural tourist flows become essential to understand their economic and social impact, and this article proposes an integrated methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, including data collection on cultural events, participant estimation, economic analysis, satisfaction assessment, data visualization, reporting, and continuous monitoring. The proposed model ensures a comprehensive evaluation of cultural tourist flows and supports the sustainable development of cultural tourism. Its relevance is both theoretical and applied: it offers a conceptual and analytical framework for studying this complex phenomenon, but also, it provides useful insights for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in tourism development, helping to design effective policies and strategies for promoting and managing cultural tourism. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal of a detailed and integrated methodology tailored to the specific challenges of evaluating cultural tourism, aiming to improve data accuracy, strategic planning, and long-term sustainability.

Background: Refractory atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rare condition, but poses a clinical challenge after failed standard ablation. Very high-power, short-duration (vHPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation has not yet been explored in slow pathway ablation/modification. Case Summary: A 61-year-old woman with recurrent AVNRT despite two prior ablations and multiple antiarrhythmics underwent successful slow pathway ablation using a 90-watt, 4-s vHPSD protocol. CARTO-guided mapping localized the presumed slow pathway, followed by several 90 W applications. Transient second-degree AV block (Wenckebach type) occurred and resolved spontaneously. The patient remained arrhythmia-free at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: This is the first reported clinical use of 90 W/4 s RF energy for AVNRT. The vHPSD approach may offer an effective alternative for patients with refractory AVNRT.

U radu je predstavljeno do sada neobrađeno djelo pod naslovom Kašf al–ʼasrār bi ḥaqāʼiq al–kitāb wa daqāʼiq al–ṭahāra (Otkrivanje tajni o značenjima riječi knjiga i osobitostima riječi čistoća), koje je u drugoj polovini XVIII stoljeća napisao Muhamed Sin Mustafin Čajničanin (Muḥammad Ibn Muṣṭafā al–Čāyničawī). Ovaj se autor u literaturi spominje kao muderis, sarajevski muftija i autor jednog poznatijeg djela iz logike. Djelo koje je predmet ovog rada, iako registrirano, ranije nije bilo predmet tekstološke analize niti analize sadržaja. U radu su korištena dva rukopisna primjerka ovog djela, od kojih se jedan čuva u rukopisnoj zbirci Gazi Husrev–begove biblioteke u Sarajevu, a drugi u zbirci rukopisa na orijentalnim jezicima Univerzitetske biblioteke „Svetozar Marković“ u Beogradu. Istraživanje obuhvata opis i tekstološku analizu dvaju dostupnih rukopisa, kritičku obradu djela, prijevod i analizu sadržaja s fokusom na analizu genitivne veze kitāb al–ṭahāra, te oblika i značenja njenih članova.

Attributive relative clauses introduced by adverbial relativizers are rarely used in Modern Standard Arabic, and are completely absent in its syntactic description. The intriguing aspect of this type of relative clause lies in the fact that their attributive function is opposed to the main purpose of the use of adverbial relativizers, namely the formation of adverbial clauses. The main task of this paper is the analysis of examples of attributive relative clauses introduced by the adverbial relativizers ḥayṯu, ḥīna, ʻindamā, kamā and munḏu found in works belonging to Modern Standard Arabic. The analysis is based on the analytical–descriptive method and the typological–functional approach, which allow examining of attributive relative clauses introduced by adverbial relativizers from different perspectives. Although the analysis will include exploring syntactic functions of head nouns in main and relative clauses, whereby the relative clause formation strategy using the relative word to encode the syntactic function of head noun in the relative clause is illustrated, this is not the only goal of the paper. The paper also aims to demonstrate that attributive relative clauses introduced by adverbial relativizers, although formally functioning as attributive modifiers, tend to convey diverse semantic content. Moreover, this type of Arabic relative clause is not only an embodiment of the law of linguistic economy but it also represents an exceptionally effective means of stylistic choice.

Introduction: Post-traumatic embitterment syndrome is a pathological reaction to drastic life events and doesnot have the tendency to end. This syndrome also occurs relatively frequently in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Aim: To investigate post-traumatic embitterment syndrome in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 200 subjects who were participants in the past war. The research group consists of 100 subjects who participated in the war and have a diagnosis of PTSD, and the control group consists of 100 healthy volunteers who were in the war but were not previously diagnosed with PTSD.The study used a sociodemographic questionnaire, a self-assessment questionnaire for post-traumatic embitterment syndrome, and a clinical questionnaire for post-traumatic stress disorder.Results: Subjects with PTSD show a statistically significantly higher level of post-traumatic embitterment syndrome compared to subjects without PTSD. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups that actively and passively participated in the war, between genders, and between the groups with current PTSD and lifetime PTSD.Conclusion: Subjects with PTSD show a statistically significantly higher level of post-traumatic embitterment syndrome compared to subjects without PTSD.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a major yet underrecognized driver of gastrointestinal morbidity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Disordered motility, fibrosis, and dysbiosis promote microbial stasis, malabsorption, and malnutrition, contributing substantially to impaired quality of life and survival. Diagnostic accuracy remains limited: jejunal aspirate culture is invasive, whereas breath testing offers only moderate sensitivity and specificity. Empirical antibiotic therapy yields transient symptom relief, but recurrence is common, and evidence guiding optimal eradication strategies is sparse. Adjunctive measures, including probiotics, prokinetics, and dietary interventions, remain variably applied, with heterogeneous outcomes across studies. Novel microbiome-targeted, neuromodulatory, and antifibrotic therapies are emerging as promising mechanism-based options. Bearing this in mind, this narrative review aims to consolidate current knowledge on SIBO eradication in SSc. We first outline the pathophysiological rationale and clinical relevance of bacterial overgrowth. We then synthesize available evidence for treatment strategies, appraise barriers to durable remission, and discuss implications for multidisciplinary management. Finally, we highlight emerging approaches, including microbiome-directed therapies, novel prokinetics, and antifibrotic interventions, and define priorities for future clinical research.

This document presents strategic guidelines and a development framework aimed at enhancing higher education programs in biotechnology within Bosnia and Herzegovina. It emphasizes the importance of aligning academic curricula, research capacities, and innovation ecosystems with global sustainable development goals (SDGs) and emerging scientific trends. Drawing on insights from the 2025 scientific-expert symposium "Next-Generation Biotechnologists – Skills of Future Educators," this work outlines key recommendations for modernizing educational approaches, strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, and fostering the next generation of biotechnologists equipped to meet societal and technological challenges. The framework is intended for academic institutions, policymakers, and stakeholders committed to advancing biotechnology education and innovation in the region.

Understanding the impacts of climate on tourism has evolved since the late 20th century, shifting from one-dimensional and partial approaches to more comprehensive and multifaceted ones. To more accurately assess the climatic suitability of destinations for recreational tourism, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) has been developed in recent years. The HCI's variable rating scale and component weighting system are based on insights into tourists' climatic preferences. Since different types of destinations have distinct climatic requirements, the HCI is designed with specifications for two major tourism segments—urban and beach. The HCI: Urban focuses on urban tourism, where the city and its attractions serve as the primary destination and point of interest. This study analyzes the HCI: Urban for Sarajevo, the most significant tourism destination in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The monthly probability is calculated by determining the frequency of daily index scores within ideal and unacceptable categories. Ideal climatic conditions for urban tourism are defined as days with scores between 90 and 100, while unacceptable conditions are those with scores below 40. Of all tourists visiting Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2023, 41% visited the Sarajevo Canton, which makes it a significant case study. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits throughout the year, and the obtained ratings reflect tourists' climatic preferences for urban destinations. Holiday Climate Index (HCI): Urban was analyzed for the Sarajevo area, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to more accurately assess the climatic suitability of this destination for tourism. The word “holiday” was chosen to better reflect what the index was designed for (i.e. recreational tourism), since tourism is much broader in definition. This paper analyzes the HCI: Urban index for Sarajevo in relation to tourist visits during the year, and the obtained scores reflect tourists' climate preferences for the city destination. Considering that tourists in Sarajevo stay only for a short time (average length of stay 2.1 days), determinants that affect tourist satisfaction and elements of the destination that need to be improved in order to increase the length of stay have been identified. Analysis of average daily values of climatic parameters of a particular destination and monitoring their trend plays an important role in the organization of tourist trips. This research is the first of its kind related to Sarajevo, and understanding local climatic conditions is crucial for developing tourism strategies, planning, and organizing tourism events in the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is the most visited tourist city in the entire country.

Many cyberattacks succeed because they exploit flaws at the human level. To address this problem, organizations rely on security awareness programs, which aim to make employees more resilient against social engineering. While some works have suggested that such programs should account for contextual relevance, the common praxis in research is to adopt a"general"viewpoint. For instance, instead of focusing on department-specific issues, prior user studies sought to provide organization-wide conclusions. Such a protocol may lead to overlooking vulnerabilities that affect only specific subsets of an organization. In this paper, we tackle such an oversight. First, through a systematic literature review, we provide evidence that prior literature poorly accounted for department-specific needs. Then, we carry out a multi-company and mixed-methods study focusing on two pivotal departments: human resources (HR) and accounting. We explore three dimensions: threats faced by these departments; topics covered in the security-awareness campaigns delivered to these departments; and delivery methods that maximize the effectiveness of such campaigns. We begin by interviewing 16 employees of a multinational enterprise, and then use these results as a scaffold to design a structured survey through which we collect the responses of over 90 HR/accounting members of 9 organizations. We find that HR is targeted through job applications containing malware and executive impersonation, while accounting is exposed to invoice fraud, credential theft, and ransomware. Current training is often viewed as too generic, with employees preferring shorter, scenario-based formats like videos and simulations. These preferences contradict the common industry practice of annual sessions. Based on these insights, we propose recommendations for designing awareness programs tailored to departmental needs and workflows.

<p>This study explores the use of natural plant extracts as a sustainable method to enhance the quality and safety of long-life sausages by incorporating them into natural edible casings. Ethanol (E) and aqueous (A) extracts of blackthorn (BT) and red cherry (RC), as well as their ethanol and water-based solutions, were prepared and analysed for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The analyses included the quantification of total phenols, non-flavonoids, flavonoids, flavonols, and anthocyanins, along with antioxidant activity assessments using FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and <em>Salmonella enterica</em>) and mold <em>Penicillium expansum</em> via agar dilution methods to determine MIC and MBC/MFC.</p> <p>Results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity than aqueous ones (p&lt;0.05), with the ethanol extract of blackthorn (EBT) containing the highest levels of phenolics (54.11 mg GAE/g d.e.) and exhibiting the strongest antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities. Casings treated with EBTE (ethanol BT extract dissolved in ethanol) demonstrated significant antibacterial properties, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. This study confirms that plant-extract-enriched natural casings can protect against oxidation and microbial spoilage, thereby enhancing the overall quality and safety of dry-cured sausages.&nbsp;</p>

This paper presents a review of the application of machine learning to face detection in images, with a specific focus on face recognition in digital environments. The primary objectives of this research are to develop and analyze advanced machine learning algorithms to improve face identification accuracy. The study provides a detailed evaluation of several key algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and the MTCNN (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks). It also benchmarks the performance of established object detection models, such as Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Cascaded HAAR, and Maximum Margin Object Detection (MMOD). Through empirical evaluation, the MTCNN (Multi-Task Cascaded Convolutional Networks) algorithm demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest accuracy and most efficient runtime among the tested models.

Abstract Introduction Peritoneal lymphangiomatosis is a rare benign lymphatic disorder with diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. It may mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis or mesothelioma, often requiring histological confirmation. Management options are limited, and long-term data on targeted therapies, including sirolimus, remain scarce. Case Presentation We present the case of a 45-year-old woman with a history of surgically corrected atrial septal defect, who developed progressive abdominal distension and dysuria in May 2014. Abdominal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed diffuse ascites, peritoneal thickening, and cystic changes. Diagnostic uncertainty led to an exploratory laparotomy in May 2015, where histopathology confirmed peritoneal lymphangiomatosis. After failed conservative management including dietary modification, diuretic therapy, and repeated paracenteses, she was started on sirolimus 2 mg/day in August 2016. Her serum trough levels were maintained between 5 and 15 ng/mL. She achieved a Karnofsky Performance Score of 100% (indicating full functional capacity) within 2 months and has remained in complete clinical and radiologic remission for over 8 years. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was diagnosed during follow-up and is well controlled with insulin therapy. Conclusion This case underscores the difficulty of diagnosing peritoneal lymphangiomatosis and highlights the transformative potential of sirolimus therapy. To our knowledge, this is one of the longest documented remissions of peritoneal lymphangiomatosis under mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition.