The rise in the consumption of multimedia content has resulted in the demand to provide an exceptional user experience. However, modelling user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) presents a complex challenge. This fuels ongoing efforts to understand and measure QoE. To assess it, researchers rely on both subjective quality assessment (where users view and rate videos) and objective quality assessment (where quality metrics are designed to calculate perceived video quality). Although subjective evaluation is essential for mapping user experience to objective metrics, many studies omit the analysis of the impact of content preferences on user experience. This oversight limits our understanding of how video content influences QoE perception.To address this limitation, we created a multi-content video dataset with impairments based on realistic network conditions. Furthermore, we conducted a subjective study in a controlled environment evaluating the impact of user content category preferences and user video preference on QoE. One of our initial findings is that the actual video denoted as uninteresting by users had the most negative impact on the overall user QoE, but had no impact on user perception of other video degradations.

Introduction: The main purpose of root canal filling materials is to provide an apical sealing that prevents the movement of bacteria and the diffusion of their metabolic products from the root canal system to periapical tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate’s (MTA), epoxy resin, and zinc oxide eugenol- based sealer with single cone obturation techniques using the dye extraction leakage method. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the Mtwo rotary file system to file 25/6. The teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 15); Group 1 obturated with AH plus, Group 2 obturated with MTA BIOSEAL, Group 3 obturated with Endoseal, Group 4 positive control (POS CTRL) root canals are processed but not obturated, and negative control- apex of teeth completely covered with nail varnish, canals are not treated or obturated. In the first three groups, the single cone obturation technique with gutta-percha 25/6 was used. Apical microleakage was assessed with the dye extraction method, where the absorbance of 2% methylene blue was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: The mean dye concentration values were MTA 22.79, AH plus 31.16, Endoseal 36.67, POS CTRL 280.15, negative control 9.01. Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference in apical microleakage between the investigated groups (F = 3448, p < 0.001). The MTA BIOSEAL showed significantly less apical microleakage than the AH plus and Endoseal. The AH plus showed less apical microleakage than the Endoseal, although there was no significant difference between these two sealers. Conclusion: With the limitation of the study, it was concluded that MTA sealers show statistically less apical leakage than AH Plus and Endoseal.

Background and purpose: Three genera and eleven species of Glossosomatidae family have been confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, there is limited research on the biodiversity of this family in the region, especially on molecular data. With this paper, we contribute to the knowledge on the Glossosomatidae family with the first molecular records for two species for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and methods: Larval samples of caddisflies were collected in April 2019 and 2021 at the area of the Natural Monument the Spring of Bosna River followed by morphological identification. Molecular confirmation of species was done using DNA barcoding, targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region using Folmer’s primers and degenerated primers LCO1490-JJ and HCO2198-JJ. All obtained PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced using the same primers as in PCR. Results: Out of 52 specimens, 18 were morphologically determined to species level. A DNA barcode was successfully generated for 16 specimens. Eight sequences were generated for Synagapetus krawanyi, revealing three haplotypes previously absent from the BOLD database. Four sequences were obtained for S. iridipennis, with one new haplotype for BOLD database. Conclusions: We present new data on species distribution and genetic diversity of S. krawanyi and S. iridipennis from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study contributes to the knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity and the Global Trichoptera Barcode Initiative by adding new records from two underrepresented species in the BOLD database.

A novel heterobimetallic ruthenium(II)–gold(I) complex featuring a bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) ligand was prepared and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a piano-stool geometry around Ru(II) with η6-cymene, two chlorido ligands, and one phosphorus atom from dppb, while the Au(I) center adopts a linear P–Au–Cl coordination. Structural integrity in the solution was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, while solution behavior was further monitored by variable solvent 31P NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, indicating that the organometallic Ru–arene core remains intact, whereas the chlorido ligands coordinated to Ru exhibit partial lability. Complementary characterization included elemental analysis, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Spectrofluorimetric and FRET analyses showed that Au(dppb), Ru(dppb), and the heterobimetallic AuRu complex bind to BSA with apparent constants of 1.41 × 105, 5.12 × 102, and 2.66 × 104 M−1, respectively, following a static quenching mechanism. In vivo biological evaluation in Wistar rats revealed no significant hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, with only mild and reversible histological alterations and preserved hepatocyte nuclear morphology. Hematological analysis indicated a statistically significant reduction in leukocyte populations, suggesting immunomodulatory potential, while elevated serum glucose levels point to possible endocrine or metabolic activity. These findings highlight compound structural stability and intriguing bioactivity profile, making it a promising platform for further organometallic drug development and testing.

Electron-conducting carbon concrete (ecˆ3) is a multifunctional cement-based composite material that combines mechanical robustness with electrochemical energy storage. To further expand our understanding of structure-function relationships in this complex multiphase material system and provide a roadmap for transitioning this technology from a simple proof-of-concept to a viable large-scale energy storage alternative, we report insights into the nanoscale connectivity of the electrode's conductive carbon network, explore different electrolyte compositions and material integration strategies, and highlight opportunities for device scaling. Through the use of FIB-SEM tomography, the electrode's percolating fractal-like nano-carbon black network has been visualized at the nanoscale, providing insights into the theoretical energy storage capacity of this material. To reduce the required times for the production of functional electrodes, we also present a cast-in electrolyte approach, where centimeter-thick electrodes could be produced without the need for postcuring steps. In these prototypes, device performance scales linearly with electrode thickness and cell count, and a simple analytical model was developed to explain these scaling phenomena. Furthermore, the exploration of alternative ionic and organic electrolytes further contribute to improved electrochemical behavior, with the fabricated designs ultimately achieving a 10-fold increase in supercapacitor energy density compared to previous designs. Finally, we were able to fabricate a 12 V, 50 F supercapacitor module and a 9 V arch prototype that integrate energy storage into load-bearing architectural elements. These functional prototypes highlight the potential for real-time structural health monitoring, while demonstrating the potential of our ecˆ3 technology for the production of a scalable, high-voltage concrete energy-storing infrastructure.

One of the data science techniques is the data analysis, based primarily on various techniques and methods application in order to acquire, analyze, interpret and eventually visualize the data. The aim of these techniques is the translation of the raw data into the useful information. In this study, a comprehensive data analysis of accessible geological and hydrogeological settings of terrain in zones near “Zelenica” and “Gornje Polje” springs (alluvium of river Drina) near Loznica, has been performed. The lithologic-technical profiles of observation and of water-sampling objects have been analysed, and results, obtained by geophysical methods, subsequently interpreted. Besides, the grain size analysis test, aquifer tests, precipitations monitoring and water-level of Drina river monitoring at specified precipitation-/water-gauge were performed too. Obtained results are used as a starting point for creating the hydrogeological model (and hydrodynamic one afterwards) of the research area. The main tools used were Microsoft Excel software (for data preparation and analyzing) and Modflow code (for hydrogeological and hydrodynamic models creation).

Like other domesticated species, most notably dogs, horses have been reported to follow human gestures and successfully use them to gain rewards in an object choice task. Empirical support for the hypothesis that a domain-general mechanism may underlie this ability comes from studies in which horses have successfully solved the task by using not just a human pointing gesture but also an arbitrary physical cue, namely a wooden marker. Here, we replicated the two conditions in which these two cues were used by Proops et al. (2010) with two critical changes: first, we positioned the marker out of the horses' sight, and second, we positioned the marker such that it was in the same position where the gesture would be when the experimenter showed the pointing gesture. Horses successfully solved the task using both the pointing gesture and the marker, and their performance did not differ statistically significantly between these two conditions. The robustness of this result was corroborated by complementary model comparisons, which further showed that the horses' performance was not significantly influenced by their age or sex. Our findings thus support the consistency of previously reported findings in these specific testing conditions and suggest that at least part of the horses' ability to solve the object choice task with different types of cues is based on a domain-general mechanism. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

The accelerated transformation of the urban landscape of Sarajevo Canton increasingly becomes a space of contention among various interest groups - citizens, planners, investors, heritage disciplines, and local authorities. Establishing a model that involves respecting the interests of each of these groups or increasing the level of inclusivity in the decision-making process will lead to humane and sustainable solutions for the future use and visual shaping of public spaces. Unlike other design disciplines, the specificity of designing public spaces lies in the imperative of participation, mediation, and balancing the interests of multiple actors, ranging from the public and private sectors to planners, designers, researchers, and citizens. Local governments in the municipalities of Sarajevo Canton and other Bosnian Herzegovinian (B&H) cities have still not adopted participatory approach to urban planning. This paper explains research project that tests but also proposes a methodological approach in the public space planning strategy (with emphasis on integrating culture and shift of educational approach) as a critical response to the mismatch between the existing institutional approach of "top-down" planning with the technological and social dynamics of the digital age, as well as the real needs of the local community. This approach promises a more inclusive, sustainable, and community-driven future for public space planning. Case study: Cultural district Sarajevo (the space between the future Ars Aevi Museum, the Historical Museum of B&H, and the National Museum of B&H) and "urban voids" of Grbavica1.

In this study, the use of terpene-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) in the preparation of polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes is presented. HDES obtained from terpenes (menthol and thymol) and octanoic acid are used as a new component of polymeric membrane of potentiometric sensors sensitive to lead ions. Electrodes containing different amounts of HDES in the membrane (from 1 to 12 % wt./wt.) are prepared, and potentiometric measurements are carried out for these electrodes to determine the detection limit, the slope of the characteristic, and the response linear range. Based on the analysis of electrode performance, it is found that the optimum concentration of HDES in the membrane is 5 wt%. For such membranes, a more detailed study is carried out using a solid contact sensor. Selectivity toward interfering species as well as potential stability and reversibility, optimum pH range, effect of light, and presence of gases in the sample solution are investigated for such sensors. The obtained measurement results indicate that the tested sensor containing HDES in the membrane has good analytical parameters, and excellent selectivity (log K ≤ -4.4). It has been successfully used to determine lead in real environmental water samples after a brief pretreatment with XAD-7 resin.

The recent hardware-accelerated microscaling 4-bit floating-point formats such as MXFP4 and NVFP4, supported on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs, promise to revolutionize large language model (LLM) inference. Yet, their practical benefits remain unproven. We present the first comprehensive study of MXFP4 and NVFP4 for post-training quantization, revealing gaps between their promise and real-world performance. Our analysis shows that state-of-the-art methods struggle with FP4, due to two key issues: (1) NVFP4's small group size provably neutralizes traditional outlier mitigation techniques; (2) MXFP4's power-of-two scale quantization severely degrades accuracy due to high induced error. To bridge this gap, we introduce Micro-Rotated-GPTQ (MR-GPTQ), a variant of the classic GPTQ quantization algorithm that tailors the quantization process to FP4's unique properties, by using block-wise Hadamard transforms and format-specific optimizations. We support our proposal with a set of high-performance GPU kernels that enable the MR-GPTQ format with negligible overhead, by rotation fusion into the weights, and fast online computation of the activations. This leads to speedups vs. FP16 of up to 3.6x layer-wise, and 2.2x end-to-end on NVIDIA B200, and of 6x layer-wise and 4x end-to-end on RTX5090. Our extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that MR-GPTQ matches or outperforms state-of-the-art accuracy, significantly boosting MXFP4, to the point where it can near the accuracy that of NVFP4. We conclude that, while FP4 is not an automatic upgrade over INT4, format-specialized methods like MR-GPTQ can unlock a new frontier of accuracy-performance trade-offs.

This study explores the impact of female leadership on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a transitional economy. While prior research shows that gender-diverse boards improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ESG outcomes, most studies focus on large firms in developed markets. This study fills that gap by analyzing data from 131 SMEs that applied to the 2024 SDG Business Pioneers Award. Using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the research examines how women’s representation in management affects ESG priorities. Findings indicate a positive association between higher female participation and improved outcomes in ethics, innovation, productivity, and inclusivity. Companies with at least one-third women in leadership show stronger commitment to balanced and sustainable governance. In contrast, environmental practices are widely adopted across firms but appear less dependent on leadership composition. The study provides the first empirical evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the gender–ESG link. It contributes to global debates on diversity and sustainability while offering practical insights for policymakers and managers. Promoting gender-inclusive leadership can enhance competitiveness, resilience, and alignment with international sustainability frameworks.

Online banking continues to grow in popularity due to its convenience, but banks face significant challenges in ensuring secure customer identity verification. Traditional authentication methods such as PINs, passwords, and one-time passwords have shown limitations, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the demand for seamless and contactless solutions. Voice biometrics have emerged as a reliable alternative, offering enhanced fraud protection and a more user-friendly experience. In Malaysia, this technology enables customer verification without the need for PINs or security questions. This study proposes an advanced authentication approach that integrates keystroke dynamics and voice biometrics within a multi-factor authentication framework. By leveraging artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, the system aims to deliver heightened security and a smoother user experience. The goal is to provide Malaysian online banking users with a safer and more secure digital environment.