Background In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), left atrial (LA) strain represents a new indicator of mechanical atrial dysfunction and an important prognostic marker. However, the clinical significance of serial changes in LA strain during patient follow-up is still not sufficiently elucidated. Objectives To evaluate changes between baseline and one-year follow-up in LA strain during one-year follow-up in patients hospitalized with HFpEF and to investigate their association with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods This prospective observational cohort study included 123 consecutive patients hospitalized due to acute decompensated HFpEF. Comprehensive echocardiographic evaluation was performed during index hospitalization and after 12 months. LA reservoir strain was assessed as peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS). The primary endpoint was MACE, defined as rehospitalization due to worsening heart failure and/or cardiovascular death during one-year follow-up. Results Patients who developed MACE had lower baseline LA strain, higher LAVI, higher E/e′, higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), higher right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and more impaired left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) compared with patients without MACE. Assessment at two predefined time points showed overall improvement in LA strain during follow-up, but patients with adverse outcomes remained characterized by persistently impaired LA strain and an unfavorable hemodynamic profile. Atrial fibrillation was more frequently observed among patients who developed MACE. Conclusion Persistently impaired or worsening LA strain during one-year follow-up was associated with adverse outcomes in patients hospitalized with HFpEF. Assessment of LA strain at baseline and one-year follow-up may improve longitudinal risk stratification beyond conventional echocardiographic parameters.

AIM To assess whether the level of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) ligation independently affects gastrointestinal-specific quality of life after anterior resection for rectal cancer. METHODS A prospective cohort study including 125 patients with stage II-III mid- or upper- rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent open anterior resection with total mesorectal excision between 2020 and 2025 was conducted. Patients were classified according to the intraoperative level of IMA ligation as having either low ligation with preservation of the left colic artery (n = 75) or high ligation proximal to the origin of the left colic artery (n = 50). Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI; range 0-144) was assessed 6-8 weeks after protective stoma closure. RESULTS GIQLI scores were significantly higher after low IMA ligation compared with high ligation (127.3 ± 5.7 versus 121.6 ± 5.7; p < 0.001). In univariable analysis, high IMA ligation was associated with lower GIQLI scores (B = -5.733; p < 0.001). In multivariable regression analysis excluding the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) score, high IMA ligation remained independently associated with lower GIQLI scores (B = -5.016; p < 0.001). In exploratory receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, IMA ligation alone demonstrated moderate discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.689; 95% CI 0.595-0.783), while addition of IMA ligation to established predictors improved model discrimination (AUC=0.790; 95% CI 0.710-0.871). CONCLUSION Low IMA ligation was associated with better postoperative gastrointestinal quality of life following anterior resection for rectal cancer. When oncologically appropriate, preservation of the left colic artery may optimise patient-reported outcomes.

Pitanje prevodivosti Kur'ana na nearapske jezike uopće, kao i prevođenje posljednje Božije objave s arapskog na druge jezike teme su kojima su se kroz povijest bavili i muslimani ovog podneblja, a mnogi alimi ostavili veliki broj značajnih djela iz te oblasti. Njihova zaostavština se čuva brižljivo pohranjena u našim bibliotekama, ponajviše u Gazi Husrev-begovoj biblioteci u Sarajevu. Ovaj rad je vezan za jedno takvo poznato ime među Bošnjacima, osobu koja je veći dio svog života provela u Turskoj, u kojoj ostaje na službi nakon više godina naukovanja, Muhammeda ibn Musa-a el-Bosnevija Allameka. Naslonjen na njegovo bavljenje jezičkim analizama kur'anskog teksta, ovaj rad ukazuje na dvije trajno aktuelne teme: jezička nadnaravnost kur'anskog teksta i neophodnost poznavanja arapskog jezika kao sredstva za razumijevanje tog Teksta.

Given the challenges of small and underdeveloped markets, a comprehensive approach to insurance risk analysis is essential. This paper develops and applies an actuarially justified and statistically robust methodology for motor insurance pricing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The adequacy of Generalised Linear Models (GLMs) is assessed using a portfolio dataset covering 2011-2023, focusing on key policyholder and vehicle risk factors affecting claim frequency and severity. Comparison with existing market tariffs indicates that current premiums are generally underpriced. The proposed approach offers practical guidance for improving pricing accuracy and strengthening actuarial practices in such insurance markets.

For over a decade, the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) have served as the principal framework for quantitative modeling of the socioeconomic dimensions of global environmental change. The SSP scenarios describe many of the ecological and social processes thought to shape pandemic risk, including the emergence of novel pathogens (accelerated by processes such as deforestation, livestock intensification, and land-use change) and their subsequent spread (mediated by factors such as inequality, human mobility, and health system capacity). However, the SSP framework has not been widely incorporated into pandemic risk assessment. Here, we assess how pandemic risk is embedded in the SSP framework, and find that the framework captures most of the social-environmental drivers of pathogen spillover, and many of the social-economic drivers of pandemic spread and impacts. Because climate change and pandemics share many drivers and risk factors-- including ecosystem degradation, animal agriculture, and weak governance--SSP scenarios characterized by higher barriers to climate adaptation also generally imply lower chances of outbreak containment, and greater pandemic impacts on vulnerable populations. Pandemic risk is therefore lowest in SSP1 and highest in SSP3, but SSP5 shows that frequent spillover and effective containment can coexist. These findings suggest that pandemic risk can be understood as part of a broader polycrisis, linking climate change, biodiversity loss, and global health. We suggest that new scenario extensions, or entirely novel frameworks, will ultimately be needed to capture possible shifts in the global health landscape; however, in the meantime, scenario frameworks from the environmental sciences could be valuable tools for initiatives to quantify future pandemic risks.

In this paper, the first record of the nudibranch Felimare picta (R. A. Philippi, 1836) (Gastropoda: Chromodorididae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina is reported. The specimen was observed at 7 m depth on a sandy bottom in Malostonski zaljev Bay and documented using underwater photography, expanding the known distribution of the species in the Adriatic Sea. It also emphasizes the importance of surveys in the relatively understudied marine habitats of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

AIM To evaluate whether treatment approach and Allen's classification are associated with treatment duration after fingertip injury and to identify predictors of prolonged recovery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients treated for fingertip injuries at Cantonal Hospital Zenica (January 2024 - December 2024). Injuries were classified using Allen's system, and treatment duration was grouped as 7-25, 26-35, or 36-90 days. RESULTS The cohort was predominantly male (89.0%), with a median age of 47 years (IQR 36-71). Median treatment duration was 24 days (IQR 15-33). Longer treatment duration was associated with exposed distal phalanx (p = 0.016), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), and treatment approach (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, osteosynthesis compared with suture (OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.30-12.63) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.22-11.72) were associated with prolonged treatment in exploratory multivariable analysis (36-90 days). CONCLUSION Treatment approach and selected comorbidities should be considered alongside injury classification when anticipating recovery duration; however, the findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the limited number of prolonged-treatment events and diabetic patients.

Introduction : Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently present with multiple comorbidities and complex therapeutic regimens, increasing the risk of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prescribing. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of PIM prescribing in geriatric patients with T2DM using the 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria. Materials and methods : This observational, retrospective study included 400 geriatric patients (≥65 years) with T2DM. Data on prescribed medications were collected from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 and Microsoft Excel 2019 ( α = 0.05). Results : At least one PIM was identified in 60.8% of patients. Frequently prescribed PIMs included proton pump inhibitors (13.5%), diazepam (10.3%), and digoxin (6.5%) among medications to be avoided, and diuretics (59.5%) and acetylsalicylic acid (19.0%) among medications to be used with caution. Conclusion : Systematic application of the Beers Criteria may improve pharmacotherapy safety in this vulnerable population.

Biomass-derived porous carbons are promising sustainable adsorbents for wastewater treatment. However, most reported materials require chemical activation, while the relationships between biomass precursor, pore structure, adsorption mechanism, and regeneration remain insufficiently understood. In this work, non-activated carbon materials were prepared from Juglans regia (JR) and Allium sativum (AS) biomass by pyrolysis at 400 and 900 °C and evaluated for the removal of methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG). Carbonization at 900 °C markedly enhanced porosity, yielding a surface area of 790 m2 g−1 for JR900 and 177 m2 g−1 for AS900, together with predominantly microporous structures and negatively charged surfaces at neutral pH. The pseudo-second-order model best described adsorption kinetics, while intraparticle diffusion analysis indicated a multistep adsorption process. Equilibrium data were well fitted by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. JR900 exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for MB (321 mg g−1) and RB (304 mg g−1), whereas AS900 showed superior performance toward MG (278 mg g−1). Stable dynamic filtration, efficient regeneration, and nearly complete dye recovery demonstrate the potential of these non-activated biomass-derived carbons for sustainable dye removal and recovery from water.

Hematological malignancies remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality despite advances in targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Emerging evidence indicates that treatment efficacy and toxicity depend not only on the choice of therapy but also on its timing relative to the patient's internal circadian rhythm. The circadian clock orchestrates fundamental processes in hematopoiesis and immunity, such as stem‐cell proliferation, leukocyte trafficking, DNA repair, and drug metabolism, while its disruption promotes malignant transformation, therapeutic resistance, and systemic toxicity. This narrative review synthesizes current understanding of circadian regulation in hematopoietic and immune systems, the mechanistic and preclinical foundations of chronotherapy in blood cancers, and the limited but growing body of clinical evidence linking treatment timing with outcome in leukemia, lymphoma, and transplantation. The review also examines practical challenges, including inter‐individual variability, disease‐induced circadian disruption, and hospital workflow constraints, while highlighting emerging technologies, such as transcriptomic clocks, wearable biosensors, and AI‐driven scheduling algorithms, that are poised to enable personalized, time‐aware therapy. By integrating temporal precision into existing therapeutic frameworks, chronotherapy may represent a promising investigational dimension of precision medicine in hematological oncology. However, its clinical value remains to be defined through prospective studies that incorporate validated circadian biomarkers, predefined timing windows, and clinically meaningful efficacy and toxicity endpoints.

To improve sustainability and reduce the production costs of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), the use of locally available aggregates is highly desirable. The combined impact of aggregate type and different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the fresh and mechanical properties of UHPC is not yet sufficiently understood. Therefore, quartz, limestone, and diabase aggregates together with different SCM combinations were used in the experimental investigation of eighteen UHPC mixtures. Laboratory tests, including flow table, compressive strength, and flexural strength tests, were performed to evaluate the performance of the mixtures. Mixtures containing limestone and fly ash (FA) generally showed higher workability compared to those containing metakaolin (MK). The highest compressive strengths were achieved in mixtures with quartz sand (average 110 MPa) containing approximately 20% MK relative to the total binder content. The mixture with optimal particle distribution and the lowest cement content (500 kg/m3) also showed extremely high mechanical performance. Based on the obtained flexural-to-compressive strength ratios (fb/fc), the expression fc ≈ 7·fb was proposed to estimate the compressive strength of similar fiber-free UHPC mixtures. Furthermore, heat-treated specimens exhibited a 45% higher compressive strength after 7 days compared to the reference mixture, while the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers caused a slight decrease in compressive strength of approximately 4%. The obtained results contribute to the development of mechanically efficient UHPC mixtures with optimized particle packing and reduced cement consumption, which may improve the sustainability of UHPC production.

The rapid expansion of AI-driven information infrastructure, particularly data centers, is placing unprecedented pressure on power systems and accelerating the pace at which new assets must interconnect with the grid. As bulk transmission expansion rolls out slowly, new loads and generation are increasingly deployed within existing network constraints. Agentic AI is urgently needed to automate the numerous and repetitive connection processes, but its maturity has not been systematically validated on complex tasks and large-scale systems. We replicate the current state of the art in agentic AI for power systems planning and evaluate it against a structured suite of nodal planning problems spanning six levels of task complexity and four grid scales. We find that only the two lowest complexity levels are solvable on some of the test grid sizes, and identify the specific capability upgrades required to close this gap. Adopting stricter testing protocols and reproducible evaluation benchmarks is essential for assessing both genuine progress and the operational readiness of agentic AI.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Bosnia and Herzegovina and a major contributor to liver- and cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. These national guidelines provide the first country-specific, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of MASLD, covering the full disease spectrum from steatosis to cirrhosis and its complications. MASLD management is based on a coordinated, stepwise model across primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels, with primary healthcare serving as the central gatekeeper and coordinator of care. Active case-finding of clinically significant fibrosis is emphasized, particularly in high-risk populations, such as individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus or obesity. Primary healthcare plays a key role in early risk assessment through systematic evaluation of metabolic risk factors and first-line use of simple non-invasive tools, notably the FIB-4 index. A stepwise non-invasive diagnostic algorithm is recommended, with elastography (preferably vibration-controlled transient elastography or 2D shear wave elastography where available) used for further assessment in patients with indeterminate or high-risk results. Lifestyle modification and optimal management of cardiometabolic comorbidities remain the foundations of MASLD treatment. In eligible patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or overweight or obesity, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may be considered, while bariatric surgery represents an option for selected individuals with persistent obesity. Advanced MASLD, including cirrhosis, requires multidisciplinary management, surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma, and evaluation for liver transplantation in cases of decompensation. These guidelines aim to standardize MASLD care in Bosnia and Herzegovina and strengthen the pivotal role of primary healthcare within the national MASLD care pathway.