The purpose of the present study is to simulate erosion on the aluminium plate with a cylindrical hole caused by solid particles after passing through 90° elbow, using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the Discrete Phase Model (DPM), and erosion equations. Discrete trajectories of solid particles are calculated using the Lagrangian approach, while the simulation of the fluid was obtained by solving the fluid motion equation using the Eulerian approach. Supplementary sub-models are incorporated into the software to enhance the accuracy of particle trajectory calculations within the simulated geometry. These sub-models include collisions of solid particles with walls (stochastic model) and erosion model. The numerical simulation results obtained in this paper were compared with the existing experimental results from the group of authors, demonstrating a good match. The paper provides the main characteristics of the mathematical model, along with the interpretation of results and a discussion, with the key findings highlighted in the conclusion. The findings indicate that erosion process is significantly influenced by both the particle impact velocity and impact angle, which are key parameters in many erosion equa - tions. Furthermore, it is observed that the velocity of the particles is consistently lower than the mean velocity of the air. Additionally, the angle at which the particles impact the aluminium plate is not always exactly 90° due to multiple collisions with the wall, signifying that the particles do not move exclusively vertically.

- The influence of multi-hole orifice flow meter geometry parameters on the parameters of Newtonian fluid through multi-hole orifice meters was investigated using computational fluid dynamics as well as the effect of contamination in front of the MHO flow meter. The air flow was steady, three-dimensional, and turbulent. Analysed Newtonian fluid was air and physical properties that were considered were density and dynamic viscosity. The numerical method was finite volume method, and standard k-ε turbulence model was used for turbulence modelling. Multi-hole orifice meter with thre e different β parameters 0.5 5, 0.6 and 0.7, was observed and Reynold’s number was 10 5 . The pressure drop and discharge coefficient were analysed. Numerical simulations were performed using commercial software the STAR-CCM+ 2019.2. It was found that increase in 𝛽𝛽 parameter results with the decrease in pressure drop and increase in discharge coefficient. Also, it was found that that the influence of 𝛽𝛽 parameter is much higher when analyzing pressure drop rather than discharge coefficient values. Numerical simulations were also performed to investigate the effect of contaminations in front of the MHO plate with 𝛽𝛽 = 0.5, on the discharge coefficients. It was found that as the contamination angle is increased the discharge coefficient tends to increase.

This paper is effectively a scenario analysis of the energy system of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) from the perspective of the possible future reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the power generation sector, with the aim to become climate neutral by 2050, in compliance with the Green Agenda for the Western Balkan. According to the data from 2016, the share of power generation in the total GHG emissions in BiH was approximately 50%. By using the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) energy model, two scenarios—the “gradual transition scenario” and the “climate neutral” scenario—have been analyzed for the period 2018–2050, and each scenario included decarbonization measures such as the extensive use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Unlike the climate neutral scenario, the gradual transition scenario includes the replacement of certain parts of the old, currently-in-operation Coal-fired Power Plants (CFPPs) with the new CFPP, which is more efficient. In the climate-neutral scenario, that part of the existing CFPPs is replaced by a mix of RESs. The results from the first scenario suggest that the share of CFPPs in electricity generation has gradually decreased from 69.3% to 16.3% in 2050, and CO2 emissions from the power generation sector in 2050 will be 2.2 million tons—roughly 83.5% less than in 2014. According to the second scenario, the emphasis is strongly on the growth and promotion of RESs, which have significantly taken over the roles of major producers of electricity, encouraging the low-carbon development of BiH. Analysis results show that, in 2050, there will be no CO2 emissions from power generation. It can be concluded that specifically designed energy models for the optimization of capacities and CO2 emissions through convergence towards RESs could be an optimistic and promising option for BiH to become climate neutral while meeting increasing energy demands. The results show the required RES capacities needed for achieving climate-neutral power generation by 2050, with the current rate level of power generation. Based on the results, RES investment needs can be estimated. Overall, the results of the scenarios can be used for the strategic planning of the power generation sector in BiH until 2050.

Drying of textiles in industrial facilities represents an energy-intensive process where a large number of measures for energy and production cost savings can be introduced. Typical measures include the introduction of energy management, waste-heat recovery, process optimization and so on. Drying is a complex process with coupled heat and mass transfer between the heated air and humid textile, where parameters such as the air flow rate, air velocity and its flow regime and textile velocity and water content represent significant influential factors. The distribution of air temperature and density inside the drying section of an industrial stenter frame is analyzed in detail using three-dimensional numerical simulation, where the textile is modeled as a porous medium to analyze moisture diffusion within the textile. Heated air is introduced into a chamber by inlet nozzles and removed by exit nozzles, the distribution of which is based on actual machine configuration. A humid textile is introduced into a section, where temperature and density distribution within the textile are calculated for selected time periods. During the simulation in the Fluent program, models of specific component transport, multiphase air flow, turbulent flow, porosity and evaporation were used. The results represent a valuable data set that provides an in-depth insight into the drying process in the industrial stenter machine.

The heat transfer performances of ionic liquids [C4mpyrr][NTf2] and ionanofluids with Al2O3 nanoparticles under a laminar flow regime, and with constant heat flux on the tube wall is numerically modeled and analyzed for three values of initial/inlet temperature and for two Reynolds numbers. Heat transfer characteristics were considered by analyzing the temperature distribution along the upper wall, as well as by analyzing the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient. The results obtained numerically were validated using Shah’s equation for ionic liquid. Thermophysical properties were temperature-dependent, and obtained by curve-fitting the experimental values of the thermophysical properties. Furthermore, the same set of results was calculated for the ionic liquid and ionanofluids with constant thermophysical properties. It is concluded that the assumption that thermophysical properties are constant has a significant influence on the heat transfer performance parameters of both ionic liquid and ionanofluids, and therefore such assumptions should not be made in research.