Pueraria, or kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep) is a dangerous invasive foreign species of the legume family (Fabaceae). It inhabits neglected, open, bright habitats of urban areas (neglected field land, railways, etc.) and forest edges. In many countries, it is characterized as a dangerous invasive species. Due to the great danger of endangering autochthonous diversity, the goal was to create a model of predictive distribution with regard to environmental factors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Distribution data was taken from available literature sources, as well as our own field research. The model is made on the basis of climate substrates in the form of raster layers taken from the WorldClim database that are aligned to the same, resolution, size and coordinate reference system at a resolution of about 1x1 km. In addition to the climate variables, 20 m DEM and CLC 2018 data in the form of raster layers were also used. The obtained results indicate that the distribution of the given species in the area of the Neretva river basin, and the possibility of its expansion, is why it is necessary to implement adequate preventive measures. The variable Bio_9 (Medium temperature of the driest quarter) has statistically significantly the greatest impact on the habitat suitability of a given species.

The aim of this research was to examine the degree of freezing and the fertility of winter buds along the shoots of the Malvasia Istriana and Garganega vine varieties grown in the Žepče area. The vine is sensitive to low winter temperatures, and the degree of freezing of the winter buds and other organs depends on the biological characteristics of the variety and the ecological conditions of cultivation. The degree of freezing of winter buds was determined by the method of provocation of buds, while the fertility of shoots was determined by counting inflorescences per bud, shoot and reproductive shoot. Samples were taken at the beginning of March, 10 shoots with 10 buds for each variety. Fertility and the degree of freezing of winter buds along the length of the shoots were monitored. Based on the obtained results, the percentages of buds, fertility coefficients of buds and shoots, and the fertility of varieties, as well as the fertility of developed buds from the first to the tenth nodus on the shoot, were calculated. By analyzing the measured parameters, we can conclude that the tested varieties can be successfully grown in the ecological conditions of Žepče, and the values of all tested parameters were higher in the Malvasia Istriana variety compared to the Garganega variety.

Water ecosystem pollution causes stress in fish species and leads to diseases as a consequence of interaction with opportunistic pathogens. Parasitic species pose a particular threat to fish health, being transmitted from one fish to another through direct and/or indirect means. This research conducted a parasitological analysis of the bioindicator species Barbus balcanicus. Histological analysis was performed to detect the relationship with parasitic infections, as well as the correlation between water bacteriological parameters and inflammatory processes in fish tissues. Sampling was carried out in July 2021 at two locations in the Miljacka River. Analysis of the tissue samples from the individuals detected the presence of parasites from the groups Protozoa and Trematoda, which were identified up to the level of genus or species using relevant keys and literature. Alongside ichthyoparasitological research, an analysis of physicochemical water icrobiological analysis was conducted, with results indicating pollution of the Miljacka River and favorable conditions for parasite development. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of pathological lesions in the gill and liver tissues of individuals, linked to parasitic infections and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. Various pollutants in water ecosystems contribute to the presence of parasites and histopathological changes in fish species, while parasitic infections and tissue changes indicate poor ecological status and contamination of surface waters.

Invasive species represent major direct pressure on loss of biodiversity, human health, the economy of a given area and negatively affect the general benefits of nature. Invasive plants have a high competitive abilty and often spread around degraded habitats and urban areas. The aim of this paper is to represent diversity of invasive plant species in the area of Tuzla city, to analyse the spectrum of life forms and the geographical origin of species. Scientific researches were conducted in 2018 and 2019 during the summer and autunm season using transect sampling method. Based on field research we determined the presence of 24 plant species which makes almost 30% of the whole number of invasive plants in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Major number of species comes from family of Compositae, while the most common life form is a therophyte. With its representation in the city and suburbs of Tuzla, the species that stand out from the list of the hundred most invasive species in Europe are: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Reynoutria japonica Houtt., Helianthus tuberosus L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. 

The field research for this study was carried out during the autumn season in 2018 at three well developed peatland ecosystems on Vranica mountain. Collection of diatom samples was carried out by squeezing Sphagnum moss. After squeezing, collected material was fixed with 4% solution of formalin. Laboratory processing of diatom samples was carried out applying methods used by Hustedt (1930). A total of 78 taxa belonging to 33 genera were determined in the collected samples. Genera with the highest number of species were Eunotia (14), Pinnularia (11), Gomphonema (5) and Neidium (5). Altogether 77 diatom taxa mostly belonging to pennate diatoms were found. The only centric species, Aulacoseira alpigena (Grunow) Krammer 1991, appeared in one sample only. The most common species were Encyonema perpusillum, Pinnularia borealis, Frustulia crassinervia, Pinnularia rupestris, Eunotia paludosa, Pinnularia microstauron, Pinnularia perirrorata, Eunotia valida, Tabellaria ventricosa, Pinnularia subcapitata var. elongata. This study showed the presence of the large number of rare and endangered species in the peatland ecosystems on Vranica mountain, but also pronounced negative anthropogenic influences. In order to protect these unique and extremely valuable ecosystems in the future, certain restoration and conservation actions should be undertaken. These activities should be seen in the establishment of long-term monitoring and prevention of further degradation of peatland ecosystems through more active and stronger protection.

The sustainable development paradigm, as institutionalized through the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), has reached a state of structural exhaustion. Only 17% of SDG targets were on track at the 2024 midpoint, with over one‐third stalled or regressing. This conceptual paper argues that sustainable development is dead as a governance paradigm, killed by four convergent forces: political delegitimation processes by populist‐authoritarian movements, capture of UN sustainability mechanisms by financialized market instruments, conceptual stretching beyond analytical coherence, and coordination failure across global, national, and local governance scales. Drawing on the Quadruple Bottom Line (QBL) framework, the post‐factual polity thesis, and adjacent literatures on resilience‐based governance, paradox theory, and sustainability transitions, the paper proposes adaptive transformation governance (ATG) as a successor framework that embeds governance accountability as a structural design principle.

The Canton Sarajevo has the highest number of protected natural areas, among the other cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including natural monument and protected landscape as follows: Skakavac, Bijambare, Vrelo Bosne, Trebević and Bentbaša. Each of these areas is characterized by specific geomorphological, hydrological, pedological, biological and ecological features, serving as centers of biological diversity for flora, fauna and fungi. This paper provides insights into the diversity of cyanobacteria and algae within selected protected areas of the Canton Sarajevo. To date, 268 taxa of cyanobacteria and algae have been identified within these areas. Bijambare boasts the highest species count (155), followed by Vrelo Bosne (66) and Skakavac (66). Data on the diversity of these organisms in Bentbaša and Trebević are currently unavailable, highlighting the need for more detailed and systematic research in these areas. Beyond establishing a list of cyanobacteria and algae, continuous monitoring of their habitats in the protected areas of Canton Sarajevo is essential. Given that cyanobacteria and algae are excellent bioindicators of aquatic ecosystems, incorporating them into planning documents for ongoing monitoring is a crucial step in preserving these valuable regions.  

Taking into account water resources and their importance for human life and economic development, it is clear that accurate and precise determination of irrigation requirements in modern agricultural practice becomes imperative, especially in the context of increasingly pronounced climate changes and more frequent droughts. Today, there are numerous ways to measure and assess the state of soil moisture and, accordingly, the need for irrigation of individual agricultural crops, in modern agricultural science, software models used for these purposes are increasingly important. This paper provides an overview of some of the more important software models used to determine irrigation needs. Four different models (CROPWAT, EXCEL-IRR, AquaCrop and SIMDualKc) are described and configured to correspond to the state of a maize crop grown during 2021, at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, in Butmir. The mentioned configurations included the definition of meteorological, pedological and agronomic or biological parameters in the field and the use of software models to estimate irrigation requirements. The modeling results were presented through crop evapotranspiration, soil water depletion dynamics and crop irrigation requirements. Evaluation of the results of the generated data proves the appropriate accuracy and applicability of all models. However, each of the four used models has certain advantages and disadvantages, and practical application depends on the type of user and available data. Farmers will prefer to use simpler models such as CROPWAT and EXCEL-IRR, while researchers will prefer more complex and accurate models such as SIMDualKc and AquaCrop. 

Climate change researches indicate a significant increase in air temperature at the global level, while the annual precipitation shows a trend of decreased precipitation in the Mediterranean region. However, the local climate variability should be viewed as a consequence of global change determined by local impacts (latitude and longitude; topography; the impact of sea and altitude).In this paper agro-ecological characteristics of two individual regions namely the area of high karst with karst fields, and the area of low-Herzegovina area were analyzed. The analysis of climate change and variability covers representative weather stations of the observed regions: Livno, Mostar, and Trebinje. Short-term scenarios on climate change for these two regions for the period 2011-2040 (scenario RCP8.5, scenario A2, scenario A1B) were presented.The analysis of data shows that in the southern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a higher level of climate variability is manifested. In particular, extremely high temperatures and solar radiation during the summer months, early moving of vegetation, the extension of dry periods during the early fall, while high rainfall occurred during the late fall and winter period. It creates many problems especially in the agricultural sector, so adaptation measures have to be developed focusing especially on the development of soil water management strategy.

Fatty acid profile data are crucial for the production and promotion of sheep milk and dairy derivatives. Sheep's milk is an interesting and economically interesting product that plays a very important role in the diet of the population. Consumption of sheep's milk is growing due to its nutritional value, but also the variety of products obtained from it. The chemical composition of products of animal origin, especially the content of certain ingredients such as fatty acids, has attracted great attention of experts for years precisely because of their impact on human health. The aim of the study was to determine the fatty acid composition of sheep's milk during the lactation period with reference to the health significance of milk. The study was conducted during the lactation period on a total of 40 pramenka sheep breed in July (I) and August (II). We determined 24 fatty acids in milk. The median values of most saturated fatty acids in milk were lower in the second sampling period (II) compared to the first sampling period, which is in the case of acids C6:0 to C15:0 statistically significant. On the other side, the concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids were found to be higher in the second, than in the first sampling period, but the difference was statistically significant only for C18: 1 cis-9 acid. The contrary was found for the fatty acid C18: 1 trans-11, whose median value was numerically lower in the second sampling period. There were no significant differences for polyunsaturated fatty acids between the two sampling periods, except for the fatty acid C18: 3n-3, whose median value was significantly lower in the second, compared to the first sampling period. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05, p <0.01, and p <0.001.

In this paper, the physicochemical and biological parameters in three rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are investigated. The compositions of macrozoobenthos and bacterial communities in the rivers Drina, Gostović and Vogošća were analyzed. Data were obtained by field sampling conducted during the summer period in 2019 and 2020. Results indicate that the most of the physicochemical parameters of water change with the impact of pollution and altitude. The results showed that the structure of macroinvertebrate communities, the number of indigenous or allochthonous bacterial populations in the examined rivers significantly depends on altitude, temperature and oxygen concentration. Patterns of correlation were observed between individual physicochemical parameters of water on the one hand and communities of macroinvertebrates and bacteria on the other.

Endocrinological and physiological changes associated with parturition and begining of lactation have negative effects to immune functions, dry matter intake and cows have to go through period of negative energy balance of different intensity and duration. After parturition, about 80% of dairy cows enter the period of negative energy balance in early lactation and body condition score decrease, because of great energy needs for milk synthesis, which is followed with compromising of reproductive performances. Lameness is chronical, painful and stressful condition, associated with lower reproductive performances and it represents one of three most common reason for economical losses in dairy industry. This study had included 44 Holstein Friesian cows. Status of reproductive organs and body condition has been assessed by sonography and for lameness ZINPRO method. More frequent lameness have been observed, where 59% cows had been in category 2, while 32,2% cows in category 3. Cows with insufficient body condition score (BCS) before parturition, during period of puerperium had anovulation of 25%. Farms should have calendar od routine body condition and lameness assessment, because of negative effects, they may have to many physiological functions.

The aim of this study was to examine the content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of gluten - free buckwheat dough and crackers based on sour buckwheat dough. For the preparation of gluten-free crackers based on sour buckwheat dough, the dough is prepared by adding lyophilized starter culture. The recipe for gluten-free crackers based on sour buckwheat dough was prepared by mixing wheat gluten-free flour with the addition of 10% and 20% buckwheat sourdough, as well as wheat gluten-free flour with 20% buckwheat flour. Gluten-free wheat dough and crackers were prepared as a control sample. The total polyphenols in the aqueous extract of crackers and crackers were determined by a modified Folin – Ciocalte method. Two different methods, FRAP and DPPH, were used to determine antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity in crackers and crackers was determined by the FRAP method, while the influence of time on the antioxidant activity of crackers was monitored by the DPPH method. The test results showed a higher content of total polyphenols and antioxidant activity in doughs and crackers produced with the addition of buckwheat sourdough as a result of the action of lactic acid bacteria whose metabolism stimulates the formation of new amounts of polyphenolic compounds.

Using the CIELAB method, the influence of extremely high doses of sulfur dioxide (from about 300 to about 1200 mg/L) in experimental-model white wines prepared from 31 samples of white wines from the Western Balkan region on changes in the chromatic properties of the wine was investigated. By spectrophotometric measurements and calculations, the values of the CIELAB indicators L* (clarity), a* (color along the red-green axis), b* (color along the yellow-blue axis) and ΔE* (overall colorimetric difference between the two wines) were determined. In the analyzed basic wines, the contents of free and total sulfur dioxide were found to be below the legally prescribed maximum concentrations in wines that are on the market. Changes in the values of indicators L*, a* and b* did not follow linear increases in sulfur dioxide content in experimental-model wines. However, on average for all wines, with increases in the content of sulfur dioxide in the specified range, there was an increase in the value of L* by about 1.6 units, a shift in the value of a* by about 1.5 units in a greener direction, and a shift in the value of b* in the direction of less yellow by about 2.3. Setting the value ΔE ≥ 2 as a difference in the color of the wine that could be determined visually, it was found that the modeled strong increase in the content of sulfur dioxide in the wines led to a significant change in color in about 65% of the analyzed wines. The predominant contribution to presumably visible changes in colors of the modeled wine came from changes in the value of the parameter b*. Bearing in mind the significant changes in the color of white wines noted in this research at the first model increase in sulfur dioxide content (by 200 mg/L), it would be useful to investigate changes in the color of white wines at different thresholds of increasing sulfur dioxide content up to this level.

The primary objective of this research was to determine the threshold of sensory detection of wine sweetness (sweetness threshold) modelled by adding a sucrose solution in dry white wines and identification of the possible influence of acidity on the wine sweetness threshold. The study was done on 11 samples of regional dry still white wines. The sugar content and total acidity of wines were measured in a laboratory, followed with the sensory evaluation of their quality (OIV rating scale up to 100 points). Seven experienced wine consumers tasted untreated dry wines and the same wines with modelled sugar concentrations trying to find the lowest concentration of sugar by which the sweetness of wine was undoubtedly recognized. The obtained results showed that the wine evaluators have registered wine sweetness thresholds at relatively low concentrations of sugar (the lowest 3.79 g/L, the highest 6.07 g/L). Analysis of the relations between the acid contents of the wines and the wines' sweetness thresholds pointed out their high positive correlation (correlation coefficient +0.786). This is in accordance with some previously published researches concluding that the sensory recognition of the sweetness of wine is conditioned by their acidity, i.e. that wine acidity to some extent suppress its sweetness.