Cryptogenic stroke is an ischemic stroke of unknown cause after a comprehensive diagnostic workup and accounts for a significant percentage of all strokes. This paper presents the case of a 37-year-old female patient with recurrent ischemic strokes, in whom a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was diagnosed and subsequently closed via catheter-based intervention. Despite this therapeutic procedure, further recurrences occurred. During electrophysiological evaluation and ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysms of atrial fibrillation were detected, leading to the initiation of anticoagulant therapy. During follow-up, the patient remained free of symptomatic recurrences. This case highlights the importance of prolonged monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic strokes, which can significantly influence therapeutic strategies and recurrence prevention.

Acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) is a disease of the elderly, rarely of people younger than 40 years, predominantly men with comorbidities. The incidence of STEMI infarction in the general population in women younger than 40 years is very low. This paper presents the case of a young woman who was admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI infarction, which was understood as SCAD after coronary angiography. Repeated invasive diagnostics with intracoronary imaging determined that it was a classic infarction with plaque rupture/erosion and a large intraluminal thrombotic mass that partially embolized with occlusion of the apical part of the anterior descending artery (LAD). She was treated during hospitalization with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using a potent P2Y12 inhibitor and low molecular weight heparin, high dose of statins. Control coronary angiography revealed insignificant narrowing of the distal part of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (LM) and the proximal segment of the LAD with almost complete resolution of the thrombus. DAPT treatment was continued without stent implantation.

Background. Patent foramen ovales are very common in the population. Thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale is very rare and can cause paradoxical embolism with a high mortality rate. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism and a huge thrombus stuck over the interatrial septum. Case presentation. An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to our Coronary care unit with the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism confirmed by contrast-enhanced chest CT scan. At admission, the patient complained of chest pain and shortness of breath for the last 24 hours. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed the presence of a thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale and floating in both atria. Transesophageal echocardiography was done as well to confirm the diagnosis. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by duplex ultrasonography. After discussing the risks and benefits of surgical versus medical treatment, the patient was treated with unfractionated heparin during hospitalization and rivaroxaban on discharge. Seven days later, follow-up TTE showed no clot in the heart. Conclusion. Although rare, the thrombus stuck in patent foramen ovale presents a clinical emergency so early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory.

Accurate estimation of wheat yield is essential for ensuring food security, especially given wheat’s role in providing around 20 % of global calories and protein. Traditional yield estimation often relies on manual counting of wheat ears, a method that is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and impractical for large-scale production. To address these limitations, modern agriculture is increasingly turning to advanced technologies such as remote sensing, drones, and machine learning, which enable more efficient and precise monitoring of crop growth and yield potential.In this context, the present study introduces an automated ear-counting approach that applies machine learning to high-resolution images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Drone imagery was collected during the late growth stage from 15 wheat fields in Bosnia and Herzegovina and processed at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels. Images were manually annotated to mark regions containing wheat ears, resulting in a curated dataset of 556 high-resolution images. For detection, state-of-the-art models including Faster R-CNN, YOLOv8, and RT-DETR were used. While lower-quality images slightly reduced detection accuracy, overall model performance remained strong. This research demonstrates the value of combining UAV-based imaging with machine learning to modernise agricultural practices, offering an efficient, scalable solution for yield prediction and supporting greater sustainability and competitiveness in wheat production.

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Constant development of protective materials and armored systems requires continuous improvements in the field of anti-tank ammunition development. One of the most commonly used anti-tank explosive ordnance are shaped charge projectiles/warheads. Serbia has been globally recognized for decades in the production of high-quality hand-held rocket launchers equipped with various calibers of shaped charge ammunition. One of the most famous representatives is the 64 mm hand-held rocket launcher, better known as "Zolja". Although it has been in use for decades and it has insufficient capabilities against more modern protection systems, retaining the traditional design and long-established production technologies, along with the use of more potent and modern explosives, could significantly enhance its penetration power. This paper uses analytical calculation and numerical simulation to analyze how different explosive materials affect the velocity of shaped charge jet of 64 mm M80 warhead, which ultimately directly impacts its penetration capabilities.

Background: The oncogenic potential of HPV remains a major global public health challenge and various natural therapeutics are being investigated to prevent cancer. The natural components of the Alchemilla vulgaris plant have various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer effects. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to bioinformatically examine the potential inhibitory effect of A. vulgaris compounds on the HPV target protein. Methods: The structures of quercetin, catechin, apigenin, luteolin, caffeic and gallic acid were taken from the PubChem database, and the protein structure of the target HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein (PDB ID: 4XR8) from the Protein Data Bank. Virtual screening and docking analysis were performed in AutoDock Vina. Protein-ligand complexes were visualized using Discovery Studio. The molecular dynamics simulation of 4XR8 in complex with quercetin was performed using Desmond. Results: Docking analysis showed that quercetin has the strongest binding affinity with 4XR8 (quercetin -8.9 kcal/mol, apigenin -8.7 kcal/mol, luteolin -8.7 kcal/mol, catechin -8.4 kcal/mol, caffeic acid -7.3 kcal/mol, gallic acid -6.8 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation results reinforce the stability and strong binding affinity of quercetin within the HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein. Conclusion: Natural components of Alchemilla vulgaris, especially quercetin, have shown promising potential for the treatment of HPV infection and additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for their further research.

Background: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR), encompassing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, represents a major public health challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where overweight and obesity prevalence is high. Objective: The study aimed to: a) examine the prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors in relation to age; b) analyze biochemical parameters, lipid indices, and body composition indices in association with cardiometabolic risk (QRISK3); and c) identify age-specific thresholds for elevated risk. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive–analytical study included 203 working-age participants (≤49, 50–54, 55–59, ≥60 years). The research instruments included: laboratory analysis, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and the Q3 risk calculator. Results: The prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors increased with age, from <49 years to ≥60 years. Younger participants exhibited lower HDL and higher visceral fat, whereas older groups showed elevated glucose, ALT, and AST (p<0.05). The Q3 risk score increased significantly across age groups (median 8.15 to 24.80; p<0.001). Visceral fat, BMI, and body fat percentage emerged as strong predictors of risk in younger and middle-aged adults. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk develops already in early adulthood. Age-specific thresholds for visceral fat and biochemical markers may improve risk stratification, highlighting the importance of early screening and preventive interventions.

This paper presents a procedure for probabilistic analysis of joint load carrying capacity as a randomly variable quantity on the example of a cylindrical press fit joint of a bronze ring with teeth and a worm gear hub. By fitting the set of results obtained by a series of FEM simulations for characteristic values of input parameters (interference and material characteristics), the coefficients of a second-order multidimensional polynomial as a "response surface" for the output quantity - joint load carrying capacity were determined. By MC simulation, generating random parameters according to the known laws of statistical distributions and evaluating the previously obtained higher-order polynomial, a statistical set was obtained, the processing of which determines the distribution parameters of the randomly variable output quantity. The described procedure is applicable to a wide class of probabilistic design problems that are analyzed using FEM analysis.

The main aim of this study is to measure the indoor gamma and beta radiation dose rates in the areas of Banovici and Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their dependence on meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and air humidity). During the research, emphasis was placed on measuring doses in private residential buildings. Using the Gamma-Scout device, gamma and beta radiation dose rates were measured inside the residential buildings. Annual effective doses were estimated, as well as the excess lifetime cancer risk resulting from gamma and beta radiation. The average estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation in the Banovici and Zivinice areas was 1.09 ? 0.20 mSv, and also for gamma + beta radiation, it was 1.14 ? 0.19 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to gamma radiation indoors was estimated to be (4.25 ? 0.77)?10-3, while this risk from exposure to gamma + beta radiation was estimated to be (4.47 ? 0.75)?10-3.

Background: The role and influence of a positive psychotherapeutic relationship on the outcome of psychotherapy has been widely documented. Ruptures in the psychotherapeutic relationship are defined as a deterioration in the collaborative relationship between the psychotherapist and the client. Objective: The aim of the research is to shed light on the issue of subjective experiences of psychotherapists regarding the perception of the meaning and interpretation of rupture, to discover the unique ways in which psychotherapists work to identify, manage and overcome them during the psychotherapy relationship, and to discover the psychotherapist's strategies for dealing with successful or unsuccessful processes of resolving the process of rupture in the psychotherapy process. Methods: The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 6 qualified psychotherapists with different psychotherapy orientations, who have completed accredited psychotherapy training programs with at least two years of psychotherapy experience, and are actively conducting psychotherapy sessions. The research was conducted according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) methodology of qualitative studies. Semi-structured interview questionnaire - When conducting research in focus groups, a semi-structured interview questionnaire was used, which contains the domains provided by the Theoretical Domains Framework and open-ended questions related to the research objective. Results: The role of the therapeutic relationship in working with clients is assessed as the most important component without which there is no psychotherapy treatment, and a good therapeutic relationship as a predictor of psychotherapy success. The following indicators are crucial in the identification of psychotherapy rupture according to therapists: lack of mutual respect, feeling of being let down, presence of conscious or unconscious transference or countertransference, failure to meet expectations and compliance. On the emotional level, in the identification of psychotherapy rupture, the feeling of fatigue and anger, helplessness is identified. Conclusion: The results of the theoretical review and data analysis indicate the existence of several unique points for creating an integrative approach to the resolution of a psychotherapeutic rupture: Identification of the rupture, open discussion about the situation and relationship that has arisen, negotiation, and establishment of a new relationship. Further studies in this direction are needed.