Background: Perspectives and views on addiction have changed throughout history, from moralistic interpretations to pharmacological, medical, social and cultural approaches. Research and thinking about the connection between social development and the use of psychoactive substances has broadened the perspective. Personal factors that contribute to the development of a tendency towards addiction are extremely important for understanding addictive behavior, but they are less the focus of researchers. This is one of the key reasons why the underlying causes of this disease are still under-researched. Objective: To discover how psychological profiles differ between those who have successfully completed treatment and those who have not, thereby providing deeper insight into traits that may be key to successful rehabilitation of addicts. Methods: The study involved drug addicts (N=368) who were undergoing residential treatment for a year at the Therapeutic Community Institution, Campus of Canton Sarajevo. The study used the MMPI 2 - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a broad-ranging test designed to identify a number of major personality and emotional disorders, and a standardized questionnaire with basic data on addicts in the treatment program, the Pompidou questionnaire, which is used in many European countries to determine: the prevalence of substance abuse, the modality of their use, and the associated harmful consequences. After the psychological profiles were formed, we investigated whether there was a difference between the groups of addicts who completed treatment and those who did not. The IBM SPSS (v23.0) software for statistical analysis was used to process the collected data. Results: AGE - statistically significant differences/borderline differences were found on the scale Psychopathic Deviation (F=7.501 p=0.001), Paranoia (F=3.025, p=0.056), Psychoasthenia (F=3.144, p=0.051) and Schizophrenia (F=4.383, p=0.017). Status of previous treatment - statistically significant differences were found on the scales Psychopathic Deviation (F=6.047 p=0.017) and Masculinity-Femininity (F=5.086, p=0.028). Conclusion: Understanding the personality psychological profiles, sociodemographic characteristics, history of the disease of addiction can improve the understanding of the personality of the addict and help to be more successful in the treatment. Previous research in this area shows that addicts have additional psychological difficulties that should be addressed and treated during addiction treatment.

Contemporary technologies, including digitalization and artificial intelligence, increasingly influence everyday life and social relations, often giving rise to new forms of criminal offenses. Consequently, the fight against cybercrime demands more sophisticated mechanisms for detecting and proving such offenses. On the other hand, technological advancements present additional challenges for the efficient administration of criminal procedures, particularly with the application of artificial intelligence. This paper examines the current and applicable forms of modern technologies in criminal law, with a particular focus on criminal procedural law, highlighting the use of digital tools and artificial intelligence. The first part of the paper presents concrete examples of their application in combating cybercrime, evaluating both their advantages and potential risks. The second part analyzes key international documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union, which outline principles for the application of modern technologies, with a particular emphasis on the protection of human rights, the rule of law, and the preservation of moral values.

The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonic extraction of nettle seeds (Urtica dioica) whose products can be used as potential metal corrosion inhibitors. Different solvents were used (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone) in terms of total phenol content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). The results show that the aqueous extracts have the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity in both tests. The high correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (R ≈ 0.98) confirms that phenolic compounds are key contributors to antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that nettle seeds can be examined as a potential metal corrosion inhibitor.

Industry 4.0 represents a new chapter in the development of manufacturing systems, where digitalization, automation, and the application of advanced technologies become key drivers of competitiveness. The textile industry, traditionally characterized by manual processes, is undergoing a profound transformation through the integration of next-generation robotics. This paper analyzes the significance and impact of robotic implementation within the Industry 4.0 framework on process efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability in textile production. Special attention is given to the application of collaborative and autonomous robots, which enable smart work organization, optimized transport and storage, and adaptive production flow management. The study highlights both the benefits brought by the adoption of advanced robotic systems and the challenges encountered during their implementation, such as the need for digital competencies among the workforce and high investment costs. Through the analysis of current trends and examples of good practice, the paper points to key development directions aimed at enhancing innovation, sustainability, and global competitiveness of the textile sector. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of a strategic approach and continuous investment in new technologies to ensure a successful transition toward the smart factory of the future.

Background: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) remains a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality, despite advances in antibiotic therapy and vaccination. Understanding local epidemiology is crucial for improving outcomes. Objective: To evaluate clinical and epidemiological characteristics and outcome of patients with bacterial meningitis in all age groups. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 78 cases of CABM treated at the University Clinical Center Tuzla from 2014 to 2024. Patients were divided by age and outcome. Clinical features, laboratory results, microbiological findings, and prognostic factors were examined. Results: Adults comprised 59% of cases, and children 41%, with a median age of 29 years. The most common symptoms were fever (91%), positive meningeal signs (76.9%), vomiting (69.2%), and headache (66.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis (14.1%) were the leading pathogens. Mortality was 14.1%, significantly higher in adults (19.6%) than in children (6.3%). Poor outcomes were associated with older age, coma, ICU admission, and complications such as cerebral abscess or shock. Laboratory indicators of worse prognosis included thrombocytopenia, elevated urea and creatinine, hypokalemia, and low CSF cell count. Conclusion: CABM remains a serious clinical problem in Tuzla Canton. Early recognition, appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, ICU management, and preventive measures such as vaccination are essential for improving survival, particularly in high-risk populations.

Paper analyzes energy consumption and optimization potentials in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The paper focuses on identifying key factors affecting energy use across different treatment stages, including preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Strategies for improving energy efficiency are also discussed, such as the implementation of advanced technologies, aeration optimization, real-time process control, and the utilization of by-products, especially sludge, for biogas production. Based on literature review and case studies, the paper highlights the potential for transforming WWTPs into energy self-sufficient systems, reducing operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the quality of treated water.

Milk and dairy products are nutritionally rich foods, providing energy and high-quality proteins along with a number of essential micronutrients. In this way, the dairy sector supports the existence of people in food chains around the world. Human activities affect the Earth's climate because they cause the release of huge amounts of greenhouse gases, which are retained in the Earth's atmosphere along with the gases that are naturally present in it. Food and drink are considered to be responsible for 20 to 30% of the impact on the environment, in which meat and dairy products are the most important. Research and methodologies are mostly focused on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), but numerous other impacts on the environment must also be taken into account, such as impacts on land and water through various types of pollution. In addition, the consumption of scarce water reserves and energy resources is also taken into account. Therefore, a sustainable approach to food and beverage production has no alternative. The dairy sector faces challenges to which it responds with numerous organized and synchronized actions and projects in order to successfully restructure and fit into the overall human activities to reduce pollution. Sustainability itself has 3 dimensions, ecological, economic and social. The aim of this paper is to present the current situation of sustainability in the dairy sector in the world and numerous activities undertaken by various actors in the dairy sector, from farm entities and dairy companies to various associations and umbrella organizations such as the International Dairy Federation, the European Dairy Association as well as non-specific dairy-strictly unrelated bodies. All activities are carried out in coordination and under the auspices of the United Nations and its organizations, primarily the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Background/Aim: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Aiton) extracts are widely utilised in dietary supplements due to their rich content of polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are associated with antioxidative and antimicrobial activities. However, commercial products often lack detailed phytochemical characterisation, raising concerns about efficacy and stability, especially in the presence of additives such as vitamin C. This study aimed to characterise the polyphenolic content of a commercial dry cranberry extract by quantifying its anthocyanins and PACs using both the 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and modified Bate-Smith assays to explore potential stabilising agents for improved extract stability. Methods: Anthocyanins and vitamin C were quantified using HPLC-DAD. PACs were quantified using two complementary colorimetric methods: DMAC (with catechin chloride as standard) and a modified Bate-Smith method (with procyanidin B2 standard). Antioxidative activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays. Literature-based evaluation of succinate and glutamate was conducted to assess their potential as polyphenol stabilisers. Results: Five major anthocyanins were identified, with total content of 9.95 mg/g. PAC content was determined as 53.57 % via DMAC and 36.31 % via Bate-Smith, underscoring the impact of method selection. Antioxidant assays confirmed strong activity (IC50 = 110 µg/mL ABTS, 92.85 µg/mL DPPH). Vitamin C content was low (1.2 mg/g), consistent with extract maturity. Literature suggests that succinate, due to its diacidic nature, may provide enhanced stabilisation compared to other additives. Conclusion: Analysed cranberry extract was rich in bioactive polyphenols and exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The comparison of analytical methods highlights the need for standard harmonisation. Stabilisation strategies such as succinate addition should be further evaluated to enhance the shelf-life and efficacy of cranberry-based nutraceuticals.

Background: Posterior pericardiotomy has been proposed to prevent postoperative pericardial effusion and tamponade in coronary artery bypass grafting, but its effect on pleural fluid accumulation during off-pump CABG (OPCAB) is not well defined. Objective: To compare intraoperative metrics and early postoperative outcomes—particularly rates of pleural and pericardial effusions—between OPCAB with and without posterior pericardiotomy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 68 patients underwent OPCAB from January to March 2025 and were stratified into pericardiotomy (n = 38) and control (n = 30) groups. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction, operative time, and graft count were recorded. Postoperative outcomes included incidence of pericardial and pleural effusions (confirmed by echocardiography or chest radiography), new-onset atrial fibrillation (within seven days), chest-tube drainage volume, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Groups were similar in age (mean 66.5 ± 7.1 years), sex, and major comorbidities, though peripheral artery disease and multi-vessel coronary disease were more prevalent in the pericardiotomy group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017). Operative time and ICU stay did not differ significantly. Mediastinal drainage was higher after pericardiotomy (861 ± 551 vs. 764 ± 347 mL; p = 0.03). Pericardial effusion rates were low and comparable (10.5% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.72), and no tamponade occurred. Pleural effusions were significantly more frequent with pericardiotomy (42.1% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.001). Atrial fibrillation incidence and in-hospital mortality were similar between groups. Conclusions: Posterior pericardiotomy in OPCAB effectively prevents clinically significant pericardial effusion and tamponade, though it redirects fluid into the pleural space, increasing pleural effusion rates. These effusions are manageable with routine drainage and do not prolong recovery. Prospective studies should further define patient selection and long-term implications.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected people’s lifestyles, particularly influencing existing chronic conditions such as hypertension. It is estimated that 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 worldwide have hypertension. In addition to its impact on blood pressure levels, the pandemic also affected the quality of life and mental health of hypertensive patients. Mental health among individuals with chronic diseases who have recovered from COVID-19 is an important and complex issue. Research indicates that these patients are at a considerably higher risk of developing anxiety, depression, and PTSD, as well as experiencing deterioration of their underlying conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of independent factors on the mental health score using the SF-36 questionnaire among hypertensive patients who recovered from COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected primary healthcare centers across four cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). The study included a total of 240 patients, randomly selected from those diagnosed with hypertension who had recovered from COVID-19 (experimental group, n = 120). The control group consisted of 120 participants who had recovered from COVID-19 but did not have hypertension. The European SF-36 questionnaire was used for longitudinal self-assessment of health status in patients with various chronic conditions. Results: The analysis of independent factors affecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic showed poorer mental health outcomes among older, single participants with higher educational attainment. In relation to COVID-19 treatment, patients who had been hospitalized or treated in Intensive Care Units and who experienced cardiac complications exhibited worse mental health scores. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a statistically significant higher likelihood of poorer mental health among hypertensive patients who had contracted COVID-19.