This year the journal “Medical Archives” celebrates 80th anniversary of the establishiment (1947-2026). With the name “Medicinski Arhiv” this journal was founded in the year 1947 as official journal of the Society of physicians of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The first Editorial board was consisted of professors of the Faculty of Medicine of the University in Sarajevo opened in November 16th 1947: Vladimir Čavka, Blagoje Kovačević, Bogdan Zimonjić and Ibro Brkić. “Medical Archives” journal was a key milestone that helped in education of all academic and professional staff that became the foundation of Bosnian and Herzegovinian medicine, as a science and health care as a profession. The oldest medical journal in B&H was “Jahrbuch des Bosnisch-Herzegowinischen Landesspitales in Sarajevo” (“Annual of the National Hospital in Sarajevo”) which was established in 1897 and printed in German language in the period from 1897 until 1900. From the year 1950 “Medicinski Arhiv” was included in the most influential and important index database MEDLINE, as one of oldest medical journals in Souut-Eastern Europe. The first aim of journal was to give a opportunity to young researchers from B&H to present their scientific and research work to wider community. The tradition of publishing of “Medical Archives” as the most recognizable journal in B&H, was kept by Editor of Professor Izet Masic in 1993 who in extraordinary and difficult occasions (during wartime in BiH from 1992 until 1995) re-established journal and continued printing of the war issues. Hopefully the MEDLINE did not stop to continue receiving “Medicinski arhiv” journal and did not stop accept of published articles of “Medicinski Arhiv” in Medline/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, HINARI, EBSCO, and a lot of other indexed databases. From the year 2013 articles published in “Medical Archives” were included in PubMed Central with full papers (in extenso). Today “Medical Archives” belong to the most cited journals in former Yugoslavia countries with h-Index 38 in SCImago rank, it means 38 published papers in “Medical Archives” were cited 38 times in other indexed scientific journals worldwide, with SJR 0.33 and Q3 in the year 2024.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is applied in numerous areas of society and has also led to significant changes in the field of medicine. Medicine is a branch of science of exceptional importance, and it is therefore necessary to ensure a high level of patient protection. The quality of healthcare has significantly improved through the use of artificial intelligence in various stages of the medical process, from the analysis of medical data and diagnostics, through therapy planning, to patient monitoring and the management of healthcare systems. Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the civil law aspects of artificial intelligence in medicine, with a particular focus on questions of liability for damage resulting from the use of such systems. Methods: The paper will first present the basic characteristics and areas of application of artificial intelligence in medicine, and then examine potential sources of damage and the legal basis for the liability of various stakeholders, including AI system manufacturers, software developers and data providers, healthcare institutions, and healthcare professionals. Special attention will be given to the challenges of proving causation and allocating liability in situations where decisions are made or supported by autonomous algorithmic systems. Results and Discussion: However, at the same time, numerous legal issues arise, particularly in the field of civil liability in cases where the application of artificial intelligence results in harm to a patient. Given the great importance of medicine and the need to ensure a high level of patient protection, the application of artificial intelligence must be accompanied by appropriate legal protection. The paper gives answers to a number of questions, with particular emphasis on the question of who may be held liable for damage caused by the use of artificial intelligence in medicine, as well as under which regulations and in what manner such liability is determined. Conclusion: Artificial intelligence has the potential to significantly enhance medical practice, its application must be accompanied by appropriate legal mechanisms that ensure patient protection and clearly define the responsibility of all participants in the system. Future legal development in this area will likely focus on further adapting existing civil law institutions to the specificities of artificial intelligence, while simultaneously strengthening preventive risk management mechanisms and transparency of AI systems in medicine.

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Background: Lyme disease represent an emergent zoonosis caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease is transmitted from animals to humans by hematophagous insects, primarily ticks. The question of the existence of chronic borreliosis in children and adults is today a stumbling block in diagnostics and therapy at the global level. Objective: The aim of this article is to answer the questions: is the diagnosis of Lyme disease complicated and is Borrelia burgdorferi the cause of chronic Lyme disease in children and adults. Methods: A retrospective-prospective clinical study of outpatients treated and monitored in a private infectious disease clinic over 13 years from January 1, 2013 – November 30, 2025 was conducted. The study was clinical, descriptive and analytical, and was conducted in three phases; the first retrospective and two prospective phases. The diagnosis of the disease was made on the basis of anamnestic-epidemiological data, clinical picture, clinical findings of new clinical markers and the course of the disease, and verified by serological detection of specific antibodies using ELISA, WB methods, detection of antibodies to protein sequences by Immunoblot0m, and detection of Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria in serum using a light microscope in a dark field. Results: In the investigated period, a total of 1,095 patients with Lyme disease symptoms were treated. Of that number, 120 children and 975 adults were treated. M : F = 436 : 659. The average age of children was 10.7 years, and of adults 50.1 years. 11.62% of patients had an acute and subacute phase of the disease, the rest were chronic patients with Lyme disease, children and adults. Out of 105 patients who were examined for Borrelia by light microscopy in the dark field, Borrelia was confirmed in 31 patients before therapy and in 19 relapses. In 21 patients before the therapy, as expected, Borrelia was not found in the blood, nor in 46 controls after the therapy, which was carried out intermittently for more than 50 days. In 3 patients, who had a slow recovery, Borrelia was found in the blood after 30 and 80 days of intermittent therapy. Conclusion: Lyme borreliosis is a persistent infection and in susceptible individuals it has a chronic remitting course. Diagnosis of the disease is simple if an individual approach is adopted, an adequate history is taken, new clinical markers are found on the skin and confirmed by the detection of antibodies to the Borrelia protein sequences in Immunoblot. The confirmatory test is the detection of Borrelia by light microscopy in the dark field. Chronic borreliosis in children and adults and vertical transmission from mother to child are unquestionable.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have unprecedented and unforeseeable consequences, from those on a worldwide/global level to those at the local level–at the level of local communities and families, and individuals (and not just humans, but all other living beings), of which the future will testify in various ways. Objective: This work presents principles of treatment health care protection of people who has consequences of the colaps of helatcare sytem in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) during Corona pandemic time and proposals how to make it better, with a focus on indications and restrictions for use different methods of education medical staff and how to improve therapeutic modalities by professional staff by education with new ICTs. Methods: System analysis of Public health sector in BiH which has felt down as consequences of great influence of rough political system generaly and at Cantonal and Community levels need to be meta analized by publich health care experts and by most influential health managers who can help to improve distroid current Health Care System at all levels, from Primary to Terciray level of ih heakth care protection. Results: The health system in BiH was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. The unpreparedness of the health system varied in individual areas. The reasons for the unpreparedness of the health system in responding to the pandemic are the organization of the state of BiH by the Dayton Peace Agreement, according to which the health system is fragmented and regulated by law, without the possibility of its harmonization, coordination and interconnection. This pandemic period has clearly shown that “public health” as a medical discipline has been and remains a peripheral concern of society, that is, it has always been put on the back burner. The reason for this is the constant favoring of clinical disciplines, which is not disputed as a need, but this situation has shownhow much public health is needed and called upon when solving such pandemics, which have become a planetary problem. Proof of the previous statement is the very small number of epidemiologists and social medicine specialists in BiH. Conclusion: The response of the health system of BiH as a whole to the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic was inadequate, untimely, unprepared, unprofessional, chaotic, misinformed and with a lot of politicking, quasi-leadership and, in the end, it will turn out to be influenced by crime. This led to a high rate of illness and death, led to a great burden on the unprepared health system and setbacks in economic and social terms.

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Background: Lyme Borreliosis is a multisystem zoonosis caused by the spirochete Borrelia Burgdorferi and is widespread throughout the world. Borrelia is called the greatest imitator, because it can imitate any disease. The frequent presence of Borrelia in some neurological, dermatological, ophthalmological, cardiology and other patients points to a dilemma: is Borrelia burgdorferii really an imitator or is it the main actor of these diseases. Objective: The aim of this paper is to answer the question: is Borrelia burgdorferi the initiator and main cause of most diseases that are etiologically unexplained. Methods: The paper presents unusual clinical pictures of chronic borreliosis in 10 patients, who recovered on antibiotic therapy, and which are the most striking examples from a group of similarly ill patients. Case study presentation: A total of 10 interesting cases of borreliosis patients were presented. These are the cases: Scleroderma in a 29-year-old patient, generalized lymphadenitis with extreme leukocytosis in a 52-year-old woman, paraparesis in a 24-year-old professional soldier after mild serous meningitis, ALS in a 14-year-old schoolgirl, a case of bilateral migrating optic neuritis in a 13-year-old schoolgirl, retinal ablation in a 32-year-old patient, secondary sterility due to cystic ovaries in a 32-year-old shopkeeper with chronic urticaria, MS in a 20-year-old student, nightmares and moonwalking in a 7.5-year-old pupil complicated with left-sided bartonellosis lymphadenitis of the neck, recurrent syncope with attacks of tachypnea in a 19-year-old patient. All of these patients had normal routine findings, except for the patient with leukocytosis. Infectious disease diagnosis in all patients was made clinically, based on anamnestic data, clinical picture and verified white and/or pink borreliosis striae, and serological confirmation of the presence of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi using ELISA, WB and Immunoblot techniques. Conclusion: Based on the presented cases and 12 years of continuous experience with patients with Lyme disease, we conclude that Borrelia burgdorferi is in most cases the cause of the disease of “unknown cause” in neurology, dermatovenerology, ophthalmology, gynecology, internal medicine. The diagnosis of Borrelia is made primarily clinically (extensive anamnesis by organs + finding of new clinical markers on the skin). Serological confirmation of the presence of Borrelia in the body can be done in a small number of cases using the ELISA + WB technique, because these antibodies last for a short time. In older children and adults, it is necessary to use the advanced Immunoblot technique that searches for antibodies to B.B. protein sequences. and additionally search for Borrelia by light microscopy in a native serum preparation.

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Background: During the last ten years, there has been a dysplosis in the development of digital libraries, which have taken precedence over classical libraries. Objective: With this article, we want to make a kind of comparison of classic and digital libraries, with a description of the pros and cons of both, so we can easily see their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: Authors used as source published papers deposited in indexed databases like PMC, MEDLINE, HINARI, etc. regardsing to appropriate facts about classic and digital libraries in Bosnia and Herzegovina and wordwide. Results and Discussion: Libraries, even a scientific one, must have professionally trained staff and an appropriate technological infrastructure, the main component of which is the Library Information System (BIS). It is a phrase that refers to an integrated library system, which consists of online databases, digital libraries, electronic books, magazines and various multimedia formats on which information sources are stored (hard disks, CDs, USB sticks, DVDs, etc.). In the past, libraries tended to develop means or instruments that would enable access to documentary resources on the spot, i.e. in the library itself - through the catalog. Later, a lot of effort was invested in the development of an automatic version of these local tools - by creating an online catalog for accessing data about library resources from a distance, such as, for example, (www.cobiss.ba) maintained by the National and University Library in Sarajevo (www.nub.ba) with members of the Virtual Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ViBBIH) consortium. Thanks to information technology, libraries were able to automate their many functions such as: acquisition, loan, material processing and other work procedures that were previously performed manually. The publishing production of databases has enabled libraries to offer users, through free access or licensing, access to the most diverse contents, Conclusion: Thus, digital libraries have numerous advantages, they are organizations that offer resources for use, include professional staff that select, organize, provide intellectual access, explain, distribute, preserve the integrity and ensure the durability of collections of digital works in such a way that they are ready and economically available for use by one or more communities. However, time steps on us every day, and so does technology, and new inventions, computers, cell phones, so I believe that we should not ignore the beauty when we pick up a book and read it. The historical value of books should not be neglected, both for our sake and for the sake of future generations.

Background: Whatever is done should be systematic, meaning to have an established system of steps from the beginning to the end of the action. Systematicity is especially important in writing a scientific research paper, because the more complex is the topic, the easier it is to make an error. In order to minimize the possibility of errors, many have proposed various mechanisms of systematicity in the form of steps. Objective: The aim and topic of this article is to describe the system of steps in writing a scientific research paper from the birth of an idea, to the publication and presentation of a scientific paper, and to present a scientific research paper as accessible, suitable for work and perhaps even as enjoyment for scientists. Methods: The author used appropriate and relevant sources - books, monographs, published articles, proceedings from the scientific conferences about preparing, publishing, and printing scientific papers which are deposited in the most influential indexed databases in the fields of science editing. Results and Discussion: Scientific research work is of great importance in the development of science, and is one of the key links in the education system, it is part of the culture of the individual and the nation, it contributes to the development of the individual and the community, and it is one of the sources of knowledge. The systematicity of writing a scientific research paper can be broken down into several parts: the scientist preparation, the preparation of the material, the performance of the action, the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data obtained from the research and their final analysis and interpretation for the purposes of publication in scientific and professional journals. The scientist preparation includes the scientist's intention, with which everything begins and which is ultimately an important measure of the quality of the work. At this stage, the scientist should not be affected by the „publish or parish“ syndrome, vanity or the desire for fame, because in these cases he may resort to means of intellectual dishonesty in research and lose honor and reputation. With the view that the works are evaluated and toward the end, we must not neglect the rest of the steps in the creation of scientific research work. Through the preparation of the material, online databases are described, which are a source of important information for anyone who wants to be involved in scientific research. Conclusion: In the step of performing the action, the very act of writing a scientific research paper, its structuring and the rules to be followed when writing the paper are described. The method of publishing the work is also described, as well as guides on how to present the work so that the message sent reaches the audience. By knowing all the steps of creating a scientific research paper, it becomes tempting and accessible to write and publish quality and practically applicable papers.