This paper presents the LANA Adaptive Labeling Framework (ALF) as an advanced framework for dynamic method labeling and selecting optimal data processing methods in multiple multicriteria intelligent software systems, focusing on business processes in higher education institutions (HEIs). Earlier approaches to method labeling relied on static hierarchical structures. In contrast, LANA ALF introduces adaptability through continuous learning from user feedback, automatic balancing of criteria based on historical data and current task requirements, and multidimensional labels for comprehensive method evaluation. Each query is represented with a set of labels, while neural networks evaluate the optimal method by balancing criteria such as performance, cost, reliability, and accuracy. User feedback is stored in dynamic tables (e.g., user satisfaction), automatically adapting their structure to new tasks and data types. The results demonstrate that LANA ALF enables intelligent agents to autonomously make decisions without the need for direct involvement of data science experts, thereby increasing accuracy, reliability, and user satisfaction. This framework provides a foundation for further application of ALF in various domains

Introduction. Primary rectal signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma represents one of the rarest subtypes (1.39% of cases) and is associated with poor prognosis. Case report. We report the case of a 31-year-old female patient with rectal signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma who developed cutaneous metastases. Conclusion. Despite early initiation of treatment, survival in patients with rectal signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma remains poor. Key words: Rectal Neoplasms, Adenocarcinomas, Signet-Ring Cell, Skin Neoplasms.

Freedom of contract is a fundamental principle of obligation law, but in modern legal systems it functions as a relative and normatively oriented category. The paper examines the theoretical foundations of this institute, starting from the liberal conceptual core of the autonomy of the will and its historical development, to the modern, functional concept that views contractual freedom in the broader framework of public law restrictions, market discipline, and protection of the weaker party. The analysis includes domestic and comparative law, including standards of European contract law and modern economic indicators (EFW index), in order to indicate the connection between economic and contractual freedom. Special attention is paid to the position of business entities, where contracting has a specific dimension due to their professional status, the complexity of market transactions, and pronounced information asymmetry. Through the analysis of imperative norms, standard and adhesion contracts, regulated markets, and unequal bargaining power, the key practical and systemic limits of business autonomy are pointed out. The results of the work show that these restrictions do not represent a negation of the freedom of contract, but a mechanism for its functional realization - through the provision of legal certainty, fair market conditions, protection of competition, and stability of the economic order. The paper contributes to a better understanding of the modern conception of contractual autonomy in the economy, indicating that the balance between freedom of disposition and public law regulation is the key assumption of an efficient, fair, and sustainable contractual system.

Izgradnja poslovne infrastrukture, naročito poslovnih zona, podrazumijeva ispunjenje cijelog niza pretpostavki koje su često međusobno uslovljene. U vezi s tim u bosanskohercegovačkom pravnom okviru do izražaja dolaze brojni faktori ustavnopravne, ali i stvarnopravne prirode. Najprije treba poći od činjenice složenosti ustavnog sistema u Bosni i Hercegovini, gdje se moraju uvažiti legislativne postavke, naročito u dijelu nadležnosti za uređenje određene oblasti. Tako, kad je riječ o izgradnji poslovnih zona, posebno mjesto imaju jedinice lokalne samouprave, ali s bitno promijenjenom ulogom u odnosu na period u okviru bivše države (SFRJ). Zapravo, u odnosu na raniji (socijalistički) period, kada su jedinice lokalne samouprave imale gotovo ključnu uloge u smislu planiranja te izgradnje proizvodnih kompleksa, danas imaju bitno drugačiji položaj, koji se u pravilu svodi na planiranje prostornih obuhvata budućih poslovnih zona te na izdavanje potrebnih dozvola. To je rezultat napuštanja komandne privrede u okviru koje je izgradnja proizvodnih kompleksa vezana za državnu regulaciju. Dakle, rezultat tranzicijskih procesa u ovoj oblasti rezultirao je situacijom da je proces izgradnje poslovnih zona iz javnopravnog sektora prešao isključivo u privatnopravnu sferu, gdje ključnu ulogu imaju privatni investitori, dok jedinice lokalnih samouprava imaju servisnu ulogu. Upravo je saradnja između javnopravnih subjekata, pri čemu se dominantno misli na jedinice lokalne samouprave, i potencijalnih investitora, ključni segment u smislu da li će se uopće izgraditi određena poslovna zona. U tom odnosu, pored ustavnopravnog okvira, od izuzetnog je značaja uređenost imovinskopravnih odnosa, za šta su u pravilu zadužene jedinice lokalne samouprave, bilo kroz stvaranje imovinskog (nekretninskog) portfelja jedinice lokalne samouprave koji će poslužiti za buduću poslovnu zonu, bilo kroz uključivanje u rješavanje određenih, često naslijeđenih imovinskopravnih problema, koji su preduslov za izgradnju, primjera radi, proizvodnih objekata u okviru poslovne zone. U vezi s tim, od presudne je važnosti poznavanje limitirajućih faktora koji su vezani za zakonodavstvo te traženje optimalnih modela za realizaciju poslovnog poduhvata. Na koncu, ali ne manje važno, jest nužnost uvažavanja relevantnih odluka Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine, koje su u značajnoj mjeri oblikovale de lege lata prizmu u pogledu pravnog statusa značajnog broja nekretnina koje se, pored ostalog, nalaze u obuhvatu sadašnjih, ali i budućih poslovnih zona.

Background: The clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) depend on the localization of the damaged region in the brain. Cognitive functions are often impaired following a stroke. Initially, CVD was referred to as atherosclerotic dementia, and was distinguished from senile dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how stroke severity and localization influence the development of vascular dementia (VD) and to identify which cognitive functions are impaired in certain types of VD. Methods: This prospective study included patients with acute stroke who were hospitalized at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over a one-year period. Patients were divided into the following groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), haemorrhagic dementia (HD) and non-demented patient (NDP). Stroke localization, side and number of lesions were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 stroke patients were analyzed, of whom 190 (69%) were diagnosed with some type of VD. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of dementia per point increase in NIHSS on admission was 1.131 (95% CI; 1.056 – 1.210). CD was more common in patients with right hemisphere lesions (p<0.000), whereas SCD was more frequent in those with bihemispheric lesions (p<0.0001). All assessed cognitive functions were significantly associated with CD and SCD (p<0.000). Visual perceptual (p=0.007) and visual constructive (p=0.016) functions were significantly impaired in patients with DSI. Executive functions were significantly impaired in all demented patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke localization has a significant impact on the development of vascular dementia. All analyzed cognitive functions are significantly impaired in cortical and subcortical dementia. Visual perceptual and visual constructive functions are particularly impaired in patients with dementia of strategic infarct.

Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects language comprehension and production, typically occurring after brain damage. It is a frequent clinical manifestation of both benign and malignant brain tumors, particularly when lesions are localized in language-dominant areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence and characterize the types of aphasia in patients with intracranial tumors, emphasizing its clinical significance and the importance of early speech-language evaluation. Methods: This prospective study included patients with confirmed brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimaging (CT or MRI of the neurocranium), who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, over a one-year period. Patients with pre-existing aphasia of any etiology, as well as those who had not acquired reading and writing skills, were excluded. All assessments were performed prior to surgical intervention using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 25 patients (27.5%). The most common type was anomic aphasia in 10 patients (40%), followed by Broca’s aphasia in 7 patients (28%), transcortical motor aphasia in 3 patients (12%), and transcortical sensory aphasia in 1 patient (4%). The highest number of patients with aphasia had tumors localized in the left temporal lobe, followed by the parietal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusion: Aphasia is a common clinical finding in patients with intracranial tumors, affecting more than one-quarter of the studied population. The distribution of aphasia types is consistent with the localization of lesions in language-dominant areas, particularly the left temporal lobe. Early recognition and detailed speech-language assessment are essential for timely intervention, rehabilitation planning, and optimizing functional outcomes.

Sarajevo and Mostar, the most visited destinations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), are well known for their gastronomic offerings. Influenced by diverse traditions and cultures, their culinary scenes reflect a notable influence of the Ottoman Empire. Both destinations boast numerous restaurants serving delicious dishes from both local and international cuisines. As online review platforms are a leading source of information in hospitality and tourism, this paper analyses TripAdvisor reviews of 56 restaurants in Sarajevo and 21 restaurants in Mostar that specialize in offering local cuisine. Given that traditional dishes have become a key factor in destination selection and tourist attraction, the aim of this study is to assess tourist satisfaction and highlight similarities and differences in perceptions of the local gastronomic offer in Sarajevo and Mostar. The research findings indicate that the most influential factor in tourist satisfaction is the balance between food quality and price. Interestingly, in both destinations, tourists perceive the local cuisine as Bosnian cuisine. The results of this analysis may serve as a valuable tool for policymakers and businesses to develop and effectively promote local gastronomic offerings.