Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects language comprehension and production, typically occurring after brain damage. It is a frequent clinical manifestation of both benign and malignant brain tumors, particularly when lesions are localized in language-dominant areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence and characterize the types of aphasia in patients with intracranial tumors, emphasizing its clinical significance and the importance of early speech-language evaluation. Methods: This prospective study included patients with confirmed brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimaging (CT or MRI of the neurocranium), who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, over a one-year period. Patients with pre-existing aphasia of any etiology, as well as those who had not acquired reading and writing skills, were excluded. All assessments were performed prior to surgical intervention using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 25 patients (27.5%). The most common type was anomic aphasia in 10 patients (40%), followed by Broca’s aphasia in 7 patients (28%), transcortical motor aphasia in 3 patients (12%), and transcortical sensory aphasia in 1 patient (4%). The highest number of patients with aphasia had tumors localized in the left temporal lobe, followed by the parietal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusion: Aphasia is a common clinical finding in patients with intracranial tumors, affecting more than one-quarter of the studied population. The distribution of aphasia types is consistent with the localization of lesions in language-dominant areas, particularly the left temporal lobe. Early recognition and detailed speech-language assessment are essential for timely intervention, rehabilitation planning, and optimizing functional outcomes.

Background: The clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) depend on the localization of the damaged region in the brain. Cognitive functions are often impaired following a stroke. Initially, CVD was referred to as atherosclerotic dementia, and was distinguished from senile dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how stroke severity and localization influence the development of vascular dementia (VD) and to identify which cognitive functions are impaired in certain types of VD. Methods: This prospective study included patients with acute stroke who were hospitalized at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over a one-year period. Patients were divided into the following groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), haemorrhagic dementia (HD) and non-demented patient (NDP). Stroke localization, side and number of lesions were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 stroke patients were analyzed, of whom 190 (69%) were diagnosed with some type of VD. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of dementia per point increase in NIHSS on admission was 1.131 (95% CI; 1.056 – 1.210). CD was more common in patients with right hemisphere lesions (p<0.000), whereas SCD was more frequent in those with bihemispheric lesions (p<0.0001). All assessed cognitive functions were significantly associated with CD and SCD (p<0.000). Visual perceptual (p=0.007) and visual constructive (p=0.016) functions were significantly impaired in patients with DSI. Executive functions were significantly impaired in all demented patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke localization has a significant impact on the development of vascular dementia. All analyzed cognitive functions are significantly impaired in cortical and subcortical dementia. Visual perceptual and visual constructive functions are particularly impaired in patients with dementia of strategic infarct.

The objective of this research was to investigate impulsivity among children with dyslexia and comorbid dyslexia/ADHD. Children with these disorders, along with a non-ADHD/dyslexia sample, completed a self-report on impulsivity. Additionally, a specific impulsivity scale was completed by the children's parents and teachers. The analysis revealed a main effect for groups, indicating that children with dyslexia and comorbid dyslexia/ADHD reported more symptoms of impulsivity than normally achieving children. Furthermore, differences were identified between children with dyslexia and those in the comorbid dyslexia/ADHD group. Specifically, children with comorbid dyslexia/ADHD exhibited more impulsive behavior than children with dyslexia alone. Notably, there was a high level of consensus in ratingsof impulsivity between children and their teachers and parents.Keywords:dyslexia, ADHD, impulsivity

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is common finding in individuals with PTSD. Dysfunctional metacognitions in variety of anxiety disorders can represent generic vulnerability for anxiety disorders, as well as elements that contribute to maintaining the disorder. There is little empirical information about metacognition in war veterans with PTSD, and its relation to cognitive and/or social, occupational and psychological functioning. Aim: to determine the values and reciprocal correlations of different aspects of metacognition, with cognitive and global functioning in outpatient war veterans with PTSD. Methods: The study was conducted on 25 war veterans (24 male), with confirmed diagnosis of PTSD by a trained psychiatrist, average age 48,5±6,2 (38-63) years, with average duration of symptoms of 9,9±4,7 (0,5-16) years. We used the Metacognitions questionnaire, Mini Mental Status Examination, and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale to assess metacognition, cognitive impairment, and global functioning. Median values of Metacognitions questionnaire subcomponents, Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Mini Mental Status Examination were determined, and also reciprocal correlations of all parameters expressed with Spearman Rank Correlation. Results: 12 patients (48%) had impaired cognitive function. Significant negative correlation of score on Mini Mental Status Examination, and negative beliefs about worry is observed (r=-0,4278, p=0,034), as well as non significant correlations between rest of metacognition subscales and score on Mini Mental Status Examination. Cognitive self-consciousness showed high positive correlation with Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (r =0,7436, p<0,0001). Conclusion: Follow up of metacognitions, cognitive and global functioning, and its relations, may have an important role in assessment of war veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

UVOD: Poznato je da mnoge neuroloske bolesti, ukljucujuci i cerebrovaskularni inzult (CVI), dovode do porasta nivoa anksioznosti i depresivnosti, kao i smanjenja kognitivnog funkcionisanja. CILJ: je uporediti nivo kognitivnog funkcionisanja, anksioznosti, depresivnosti i beznadnosti pacijenata sa urednim neuroloskim nalazom lijecenih od CVI sa pacijentima lijecenim od anksiozno depresivnog poremecaja (ADP). METODE: Analiziran je 71 pacijent (40 ili 56% žena) sa dijagnostifikovanim CVI i urednim neuroloskim nalazom prosjecne dobi 60+-8,9 godina, prosjecnog perioda lijecenja 2+-3,2 godine. Drugu grupu ispitanika je cinilo 35 pacijenata (26 ili 74% žena) lijecenih od ADP prosjecne dobi 49,6+-12,3 godina sa prosjecnim periodom lijecenja 1,8 godina. U analizi su upotrijebljeni: Bekova skala anksioznosti (BAI), Bekova skala depresivnosti (BDI), Bekova skala beznadežnosti (BHS) i Mini pregled mentalnog statusa (MMS). REZULTATI: Prosjecan nivo depresivnosti mjeren sa BDI CVI grupe je bio 21,8+-11,6, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosio 27,1+-11,8, sto je signifikantno vise (p=0,0317). Prosjecna stopa anksioznosti mjerena sa BAI ispitanika nakon CVI je iznosila 22+-10,7, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosila signifikantno vise (p=0,0111) odnosno 27,9+-12. Prosjecan nivo beznadnosti u grupi sa CVI je bio7,4+-4,5, dok je u grupi sa ADP iznosio 7,1+-3,5, te nije bilo znacajne razlike među grupama (p=0,7368). Prosjecan nivo kognitivnog funkcionisanja mjeren sa MMS je iznosio 25,5+-2,9 u grupi pacijenata sa CVI, te 26,9+2,9, signifikantno vise (p=0,030), u grupi pacijenata sa ADP. ZAKLJUCAK: Pacijenti lijeceni od CVI sa urednim neuroloskim statusom imaju evidentne kognitivne i emocionalne smetnje. Nivoi anksioznosti, depresivnosti, no i kognitivnog funkcionisanmja su signifikantno manji kod ove grupe ispitanika poređeno sa pacijentima lijecenim od ADP. Ovo može imati uticaja na dalju dijagnosticku i terapijsku strategiju.