Systematic monitoring of environmental radionuclides with the aim of early warning in emergency situations in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) was established in 2004. Environmental radiation monitoring network includes six automatic monitoring stations over the FB&H territory. This paper deals with the first study of ambient dose equivalent rates collected over the period of 2012-2017 with the main objective to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in the outdoor background radiation. The correlation analysis between the continuously acquired gamma dose rates and the simultaneous meteorological records on a daily basis contributed to a better interpretation of daily variations of the measured data. Derivation of the net ambient dose equivalent rates and the terrestrial radiation component from routine monitoring data was carried out as a prerequisite for adequate monitoring of background radiation. In addition, the terrestrial background component was estimated from the soil radionuclides at the same monitoring sites. The correlation analysis in a form of bivariation statistics between activity concentration of each pair of primordial radionuclides in the soil samples show that primordial radionuclides are not uniformly distributed over the FB&H territory. The mean values with the combined standard uncertainties for the terrestrial component evaluated from the soil radionuclides of (74.4 ± 12.5) nSv/h and from routine monitoring data of (81.8 ± 17.9) nSv/h are within the ranges reported for East and South European countries. The sources of statistical and systematic uncertainties were analyzed. The applied procedure of the terrestrial radiation component evaluation based on the daily monitoring data could be of complementary significance related to the existing evaluation procedures with a smaller sampling time of monitoring records. The results of the present study indicate that the acquired monitoring data are reliable enough to correctly assess the radiological situation in FB&H. In case of an emergency situation, the results obtained could be useful for a better identification of contaminated area.

In September 2019, Marina Abramović's exhibition, The Cleaner, billed as her “European retrospective,” opened in Belgrade. The funding for the exhibit was secured through a direct intervention that came from Serbian prime minister Ana Brnabić. The Cleaner quickly became the center of a vigorous political debate, which exposed hypocrisies of the regime of illiberal democracy currently in power in Serbia.

Over the past few years, the interest of material scientists for metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing dramatically because of their unique physicochemical characteristics such as catalytic activity and optical, electronic, antibacterial, and magnetic properties which depend on their size, shape, and chemical surroundings. Recently, several new routes of synthesis of lead monoxide (PbO) nanoparticles have been used, such as chemical synthesis, calcination, sol-gel pyrolysis, anodic oxidation, solvothermal method, thermal decomposition, chemical deposition, laser ablation, and green methods. Essentially, for the structural characterization of lead oxide nanoparticles, several spectroscopic, microscopic, and thermogravimetric methods of analysis are used. Lead oxide has been widely utilized in batteries, gas sensors, pigments, ceramics, and glass industry. Furthermore, lead oxide nanoparticles are graded as toxic and dangerous for the human health and environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new approaches and standardized test procedures to study the potential hazardous effect of nanoparticles on the human health and environment. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the recent trends in synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles, their characterization, possible applications, and toxicity.

The role of robots in society keeps expanding and diversifying, bringing with it a host of issues surrounding the relationship between robots and humans. This introduction to human–robot interaction (HRI) by leading researchers in this developing field is the first to provide a broad overview of the multidisciplinary topics central to modern HRI research. Written for students and researchers from robotics, artificial intelligence, psychology, sociology, and design, it presents the basics of how robots work, how to design them, and how to evaluate their performance. Self-contained chapters discuss a wide range of topics, including speech and language, nonverbal communication, and processing emotions, plus an array of applications and the ethical issues surrounding them. This revised and expanded second edition includes a new chapter on how people perceive robots, coverage of recent developments in robotic hardware, software, and artificial intelligence, and exercises for readers to test their knowledge.

The main reason for the selection of single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) modulation technique in mobile high data rate communications lays in its low value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). If spatial modulation, a multiple-input multiple-output technique that achieves bitrate increase, is applied to the SC-FDMA system in its conventional form, the PAPR level is increased. Hence, based on previously mentioned, in this paper, we provide the general design criteria for low PAPR spatial modulation (LPSM) implemented in SC-FDMA systems with multiple transmit antennas. The straightforward generalization of LPSM is derived and it is shown that it requires the number of transmit antennas to be doubled in order to add another bit in the spatial component. Based on that, the alternative generalized technique with higher number of spatial bits is proposed. As these techniques present single-stream generalizations, the approach with multiple-streams is proposed as well. After PAPR and performance comparisons, it is concluded that single-stream techniques outperform multiple-stream techniques in the cases of low overall data rate, whereas multiple-stream approach is better in high overall data rate scenarios. All proposed techniques maintain low PAPR level on all transmit antennas.

The main reason for the selection of single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) modulation technique in mobile high data rate communications lays in its low value of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). If spatial modulation, a multiple-input multiple-output technique that achieves bitrate increase, is applied to the SC-FDMA system in its conventional form, the PAPR level is increased. Hence, based on previously mentioned, in this paper, we provide the general design criteria for low PAPR spatial modulation (LPSM) implemented in SC-FDMA systems with multiple transmit antennas. The straightforward generalization of LPSM is derived and it is shown that it requires the number of transmit antennas to be doubled in order to add another bit in the spatial component. Based on that, the alternative generalized technique with higher number of spatial bits is proposed. As these techniques present single-stream generalizations, the approach with multiple-streams is proposed as well. After PAPR and performance comparisons, it is concluded that single-stream techniques outperform multiple-stream techniques in the cases of low overall data rate, whereas multiple-stream approach is better in high overall data rate scenarios. All proposed techniques maintain low PAPR level on all transmit antennas.

The expectation for survival in patients with advanced melanoma now exceeds 50% at 5 years in patients treated with first-line combination ipilimumab and nivolumab, despite this regimen being associated with substantial toxicity. We discuss the latest updates from the Checkmate-067 study, framing the role of this combination in practice today.

Scientific disciplines face concerns about replicability and statistical inference, and these concerns are also relevant in animal cognition research. This paper presents a first attempt to assess how researchers make and publish claims about animal physical cognition, and the statistical inferences they use to support them. We surveyed 116 published experiments from 63 papers on physical cognition, covering 43 different species. The most common tasks in our sample were trap-tube tasks (14 papers), other tool use tasks (13 papers), means-end understanding and string-pulling tasks (11 papers), object choice and object permanence tasks (9 papers) and access tasks (5 papers). This sample is not representative of the full scope of physical cognition research; however, it does provide data on the types of statistical design and publication decisions researchers have adopted. Across the 116 experiments, the median sample size was 7. Depending on the definitions we used, we estimated that between 44% and 59% of our sample of papers made positive claims about animals' physical cognitive abilities, between 24% and 46% made inconclusive claims, and between 10% and 17% made negative claims. Several failures of animals to pass physical cognition tasks were reported. Although our measures had low inter-observer reliability, these findings show that negative results can and have been published in the field. However, publication bias is still present, and consistent with this, we observed a drop in the frequency of p-values above .05. This suggests that some non-significant results have not been published. More promisingly, we found that researchers are likely making many correct statistical inferences at the individual-level. The strength of evidence of statistical effects at the group-level was weaker, and its p-value distribution was consistent with some effect sizes being overestimated. Studies such as ours can form part of a wider investigation into statistical reliability in comparative cognition. However, future work should focus on developing the validity and reliability of the measurements they use, and we offer some starting points.

Abstract Relying on conceptualization of sexting as a deviant behavior, which appear to be related with mental health problems, we examined the relationship between sexting and psychological distress. A one-year longitudinal study was performed among 216 girls and 143 boys, aged from 15 to 17 years (M = 16.32, SD = .64). Participants completed the Sexting Behavior Questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale at both time points of the study. The results showed that the prevalence for receiving sexts between the two time points was around 30%, and for sending sexts around 60%. The prevalence rates of receiving and sending sexually explicit context were quite stable over time, though they varied significantly across gender. Participants usually had sexted with a current or (ex)partner or friends. The number of person with whom participants exchange sexts did not exceed five. Anxiety and stress symptoms were more prevalent among sexters who receive sexts at the baseline than follow-up study (p < .05). Stress has been found to be significant predictors of sending sext at the baseline study (p < .05), while depression of receiving and sending at the follow-up study (p < .001). This study confirms that sexting is common among youth, and appears to be associated with negative consequences.