In this paper, we explore the dynamics of a certain class of Beddington host-parasitoid models, where in each generation a constant portion of hosts is safe from attack by parasitoids, and the Ricker equation governs the host population. Using the intrinsic growth rate of the host population that is not safe from parasitoids as a bifurcation parameter, we prove that the system can either undergo a period-doubling or a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation when the unique interior steady state loses its stability. Then, we apply the new theory to the following well-known cases: May’s model, [Formula: see text]-model, Hassel and Varley (HV)-model, parasitoid-parasitoid (PP) model and [Formula: see text] model. We use numerical simulations to confirm our theoretical results.

Konformizam se obično posmatra kao oblik socijalnog utjecaja gdje se pojedinac prilagođava grupi, odnosno, gdje pojedinac mijenja svoje stavove i ponašanja i prilagođava ih stavovima i ponašanjima grupe kojoj pripada ili kojoj želi da pripada. Cilj ovog rada jeste naglašavanje potrebe da se konformiranje grupi razlikuje od pokornosti grupi. Konformiranje grupi prati želja da se bude što sličniji većini, da se prisvoje grupne vrijednosti ili saznanja, pri čemu pojedinac sam bira da li će se prikloniti grupi ili većini.

Ljudi o sebi vole misliti kao samostalnima, kriticki svjesnima, individuama koje nisu pijuni i koje imaju stav, ne pokoravajuci se vecini, imuni su na socijalne zaraze. Ipak, svakodnevno smo izloženi socijalnom utjecaju drugih. Sklonost da cinimo osnovnu atribucijsku gresku, odnosno, da vlastito i tuđe ponasanje objasnjavamo iskljucivo osobinama licnosti, podcjenjuje snagu i važnost tog utjecaja. Kako bi sacuvao svoje samopostovanje i, istovremeno, bio ravnopravnim dijelom grupe, covjek se pokorava socijalnom utjecaju, težeci da pronađe savrsenu ravnotežu između onog sto sam želi i ocekivanja grupe kojoj pripada.Naucno proucavanje vrijednosnih orijentacija, kao i vrijednosti uopce, ima veliki naucni, ali i drustveni znacaj, jer se radi o proucavanju faktora koji pokrecu i usmjeravaju ponasanje pojedinca i grupe. Ispitivanje preferencija konformizma i aktivizma – opceg i drustvenog – kao vrijednosnih orijentacija urađeno je na uzorku od 106 odraslih osoba s podrucja Bosanske krajine. Uzorak je cinilo 60 žena (56.6%), a starost ispitanika bila je između 19 i 77 godina.Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju kako prisutnost konformizma te opceg i drustvenog aktivizma kao vrijednosnih orijentacija u tradicionalnom drustvu nije visoka te se može ocekivati da je danas, u XXI stoljecu, i u tradicionalnim sredinama ojacan individiualizam, a da se napusta kolektivizam i održavanje grupne kohezije kao tradicionalne vrijednosti.

Man in ecology as a multidisciplinary scientific field is one of the key ecological factors of the environment. Viewed historically, in its existence it is constantly changing and influencing the natural environment and adapting it to its needs. Namely, considering in general, we are witnesses that today's situation on Earth is greatly disturbed from the point of view of human influence and ecology. We are also witnessing multiple changes and consequences of environmental damage that occur in the context of global environmental problems or even environmental crises. Some of the major environmental problems faced by today's man are: climate change, the emergence of the "greenhouse effect", damage to the ozone layer and the emergence of so-called. ozone "holes", pollution of environmental media such as soil, water and air, biodiversity loss, waste, uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources, radioactivity, desertification and more. Global ecological problems, i.e. their emergence, are associated with the emergence of an irrational relationship and the creation of a rift between man himself and nature. In addition to the above, their occurrence is also associated with the effects of various sources of environmental pollution. Precisely because of all the above, the paper analyzes and deals with the role of man as an ecological factor and some of the listed global environmental problems of today, taking into account the short Islamic aspect.

Obrazovno postignuće već nekoliko godina zaokuplja pažnju istraživača, što je rezultiralo velikim brojem istraživanja koja ispituju brojne faktore koji pridonose obrazovnom i akademskom postignuću učenika i studenata. Cilj rada je teorijska obrada pojmova osobina ličnosti i obrazovnog uspjeha, navođenje i analiziranje dostupnih definicija i uvid u pregled literature relevantnih autora koji su sa svojim radovima doprinijeli razumijevanju povezanosti i predikcije osobina ličnosti s obrazovnim, odnosno, akademskim uspjehom. U ovom preglednom radu iznesen je prikaz relevantnih naučnih radova, prikaz o mogućnostima objašnjavanja obrazovnog uspjeha učenika osnovne, srednje škole i akademskog uspjeha studenata na temelju različitih osobina ličnosti. Prikazan je doprinos svake od razmatrane osobine ličnosti u objašnjenju akademskog uspjeha. Prikazana dosadašnja istraživanja u ovom radu dala su određene podatke koji govore u prilog pozitivne povezanosti i predikcije osobina ličnosti Petofaktorskog modela ličnosti i akademskog uspjeha.

Abstract Introduction. Present study was performed to verify red blood cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to examine its correlation with clinical and biochemical indicators of disease activity status. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, 67 patients with RA and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Based on the disease activity score 28-ESR (DAS28-ESR), RA patients were divided into subgroups: low disease activity (n = 20), moderate disease activity (n = 22) and high disease activity (n = 25). Laboratory tests included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, platelet count (PLT), red blood cells count (RBC), red blood cells distribution width (RDW) and fibrinogen concentration. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS 13 software. Statistical significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. Results. There was statistically significant difference (p = 0.006) between RPR in RA patients with different stages of disease activity, with higher values in patients with low disease activity. The RPR showed statistically significant negative correlations with ESR (rho = –0.309; p = 0.012), CRP (rho = –0.421; p = 0.001), swollen joint count – SJC (rho = –0.368; p = 0.002) and tender joint count – TJC (rho = –0.355; p = 0.003), DAS28-ESR (rho = –0.409; p = 0.001), DAS28-CRP (rho = –0.422; p < 0.0005) and Visual analogue scale – VAS (rho = –0.260; p = 0.033) in RA patients. Conclusion. The present study provided evidence that the lower RPR values in RA patients are significantly associated with the disease activity indicators.

Melanomacrophages of fish are commonly explored as biomarkers of water pollution and are considered to be sensitive albeit non-specific health indicators in water ecosystems. Sharks as long living marine species are good sentinel species. This study presents morphometric data for splenic and hepatic melanomacrophages (MMC), and observed histopathology in ten lesser-spotted catsharks, Scyliorhinus canicula (L.), one of the most abundant shark species in the eastern Adriatic Sea. At necropsy, we collected random tissue samples from liver, brain, gallblader, pancreas, spleen, kidney, gills, entire digestive system, thyroid gland, rectal gland, entire urogenital (male samples) and genital system (female samples). Collected tissue samples were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff, and Masson Trichrome for microscopic examinations and morphometry. There was a minimal number of histopathological lesions in the examined sharks, but morphometric values reported herein were three folds higher than in previous studies in free-ranging sharks. Studies on larger numbers of sharks are needed to elucidate the biological significance of our finding in the context of population decline of the lesser-spotted catshark.

The string-matching paradigm is applied in every computer science and science branch in general. The existence of a plethora of string-matching algorithms makes it hard to choose the best one for any particular case. Expressing, measuring, and testing algorithm efficiency is a challenging task with many potential pitfalls. Algorithm efficiency can be measured based on the usage of different resources. In software engineering, algorithmic productivity is a property of an algorithm execution identified with the computational resources the algorithm consumes. Resource usage in algorithm execution could be determined, and for maximum efficiency, the goal is to minimize resource usage. Guided by the fact that standard measures of algorithm efficiency, such as execution time, directly depend on the number of executed actions. Without touching the problematics of computer power consumption or memory, which also depends on the algorithm type and the techniques used in algorithm development, we have developed a methodology which enables the researchers to choose an efficient algorithm for a specific domain. String searching algorithms efficiency is usually observed independently from the domain texts being searched. This research paper aims to present the idea that algorithm efficiency depends on the properties of searched string and properties of the texts being searched, accompanied by the theoretical analysis of the proposed approach. In the proposed methodology, algorithm efficiency is expressed through character comparison count metrics. The character comparison count metrics is a formal quantitative measure independent of algorithm implementation subtleties and computer platform differences. The model is developed for a particular problem domain by using appropriate domain data (patterns and texts) and provides for a specific domain the ranking of algorithms according to the patterns’ entropy. The proposed approach is limited to on-line exact string-matching problems based on information entropy for a search pattern. Meticulous empirical testing depicts the methodology implementation and purports soundness of the methodology.

Yaḥyā b. Ziyād al-Farrā’ je živio krajem VIII i početkom IX stoljeća. Iako nije bio arapskog porijekla, Al-Farrā' je bio jedan od najvećih autoriteta arapskog jezika i jedan od utemeljitelja Kufanske gramatičke škole.Iza sebe je ostavio značajna djela koja su trasirala put narednim generacijama lingvista, a najznačajnija, koja su ga proslavila i sačuvala spomen na njega, jesu djela Maʻānī al-Qur’ān i Al-Ḥudūd.Specifične okolnosti i ideološka trvenja između tradicionalista i racionalista u periodu u kojem je živio ostavila su utjecaj na njega i njegove stavove u pogledu tumačenja nekih kur'anskih pitanja.

Semantičke razlike između sinonima (ar. al-furūq al-luġawiyya - الفروق اللغوية) su naučna disciplina u arapskom jeziku koja istražuje razlike između pojedinih riječi koje, na prvi pogled, imaju identična značenja.Značaj izučavanja ove teme se ogleda u što preciznijem tumačenju i shvatanju sakralnih tekstova (Kurʼana i riječi Muhammeda, s.a.v.s.,), zatim čuvanju bogate arapske leksike, kao i trganju od zaborava izraza koji imaju preciznija značenja.U prvom periodu stasanja arapske leksikografije, autori koji su pisali djela iz ove naučne discipline su dali veliki doprinos njenom bogaćenju, a jedno od najpoznatijih djela je Al-Furūq al-luġawiyya (الفروق اللغوية) ʼAbū Hilāla al-‘Askariyya (395/1005).

Introduction: Burn, depending on the degree of severity and depth, induces significant pathophysiological  response of the body. Our study is the  prospective study  for  assessment of  T lymphocyte  immunological changes in patients with burns, with different degrees of  %TBSA  and depth of burns. Research objectives : Objectives of this study were to assess %CD3+Ly, % CD4+Ly,  %CD8+Ly, %CD3+HLA-DR+Ly, %CD4+Ly /CD8+Ly), of burned body with different   %TBSA degrees, different depth burns and to establish predictive value of of immune suppression  these  parameters. Patients and methods: According  to %TBSA, patients were classified into three groups:  mild  burns with TBSA% 25% to 40%  (30 patients).  According to the depth of burns, patients were classified into two groups, partial-thickness burns, (39 patients), and full-thickness burns (51 patients). We followed laboratory  parameters :  % CD3+Ly , % CD3+ CD4+Ly,  % CD3+CD8+Ly,  % CD3+HLA-DR+Ly, CD4 / CD8 (%) lymphocytes (on    day 7th and on   day 14th). Results: Percentage of CD3+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe  burns compared to the moderate  heavy  burns  andsignificantly lower compared to the mild  burns . Percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in severe burns   compared to moderate  heavy burns   and  in relation to  mild burns  (results on day 14th );  also  are lower in moderate severe burn compared  to  mild burns. On day 14th, the% CD4 / CD8 ratio was not significantly lower in the severe burns versus the moderate  burns. On day 14th, the  % CD4 / CD8 ratio wassignificantly lower in severe burns compared to mild burns; significantly lower in moderateburns  compared  to  mild  burns. % CD3+HLA-DR + cells was significantly lower   in severe   burn and moderately  severe  burns  compared to the mild burns  on day 7th, and also on day 14th .  Full- thickness burns have significantly lower  %CD3+lymphocytes, %CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes,  %CD3+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, ratio of % CD4/CD8 lymphocytes compared to partial-thickness burns  . Conclusions : Peripheral blood T lymphocytes are one of the key indicators of immunosuppression of patients with burns of different % TBSA and different degrees of burn depth.   Larger %TBSA and full- thickness burns injected stronger systemic immunosuppresion,   compared to smaller %TBSA and partial-thickness burns.

Applying conceptual blending theory, the paper analyses the construction of the meaning of a satirical text ridiculing the language employed by politicians to frame the debate on current political and social issues. In particular, it focuses on the language used by Donald Trump in explaining his anti-immigration stances through a poem based on the fable about the farmer and the viper, and a satirical text providing a new version of the poem, which criticizes Trump’s immigration policy. The paper examines the creation of the humorous meaning of the text in conceptual blending. The humorous meaning is created in the blended space due to the unusual combination of related structures, which results in incongruity (Coulson 2002; Marín-Arrese 2003). Furthermore, as blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it (Coulson 2006; Coulson & Oakley 2006; Coulson & Pascual 2006; Oakley & Coulson 2008), the analysis of the construction of the meaning of the satirical text as a product of conceptual blending can reveal rhetorical and argumentative goals in political discourse.

Dishevelled family proteins (DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3) are cytoplasmic proteins that are involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway during embryonic development. The role of DVL proteins in the placental tissue remains mostly unknown. In the current study, we explored the role of Dishevelled proteins in naturally invasive tissue, trophoblast. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 15 term placentas from physiologic term pregnancies and 15 term placentas from pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR) were used for the study. Expression levels of mRNA for DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 in placentas were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR). DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 protein expression were semi-quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of DVL2 and DVL3 proteins was significantly higher in trophoblasts in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with the control group of term placentas. In contrast, DVL3 protein expression was significantly higher in endothelial cells in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with normal term placentas. The observed differences at protein levels between normal and IUGR placentas were not confirmed at the mRNA levels of DVL genes. Our data indicate the active involvement of DVL proteins in IUGR-related placentas. No significant changes were observed in DVL mRNA levels between the two groups of placentas. Further studies are required to explore the clinical relevance of these observations.

Dishevelled family proteins (DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3) are cytoplasmic proteins that are involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway during embryonic development. The role of DVL proteins in the placental tissue remains mostly unknown. In the current study, we explored the role of Dishevelled proteins in naturally invasive tissue, trophoblast. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 15 term placentas from physiologic term pregnancies and 15 term placentas from pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR) were used for the study. Expression levels of mRNA for DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 in placentas were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 protein expression were semi-quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of DVL3 protein was significantly higher in trophoblasts and endothelial cells in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with the control group of term placentas, while DVL2 protein expression was significantly higher in trophoblasts in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with normal term placentas. The observed differences at protein levels between normal and IUGR placentas were not confirmed at the mRNA levels of DVL genes. Our data indicate the active involvement of DVL proteins in IUGR-related placentas. No significant changes were observed in DVL mRNA levels between the two groups of placentas. Further studies are required to explore the clinical relevance of these observations.

Glaucoma is considered to be one of the biggest health problems in the world. It is the main cause of preventable blindness due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages on the one hand and patients’ non-adherence on the other. There are several approaches in glaucoma treatment, whereby this has to be individually designed for each patient. The first-line treatment is medication therapy. However, taking into account numerous disadvantages of conventional ophthalmic dosage forms, intensive work has been carried out on the development of novel drug delivery systems for glaucoma. This review aims to provide an overview of formulation solutions and strategies in the development of in situ gel systems, nanosystems, ocular inserts, contact lenses, collagen corneal shields, ocular implants, microneedles, and iontophoretic devices. The results of studies confirming the effectiveness of the aforementioned drug delivery systems were also briefly presented.