Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has long been shaped by institutional instability, political volatility, and repeated shocks. This paper synthesizes findings from 42 studies to examine how entrepreneurs in this region navigate uncertainty. The systematic coding process revealed recurring themes, including institutional fragility, political involvement, responses to external shocks, digital innovation, migrant and cultural entrepreneurship, long-term reforms, and regional development. Evidence shows that entrepreneurs in CEE rely less on formal institutions and more on trust-based networks, pragmatic approaches to innovation, and practices rooted in identity. Events such as pandemics and the Ukraine war have exposed existing vulnerabilities, but also highlighted the adaptive strategies, including increased digital engagement and refugee entrepreneurship. Overall, entrepreneurship serves as both a coping mechanism amid crises and a catalyst for transformation in transitional economies. Based on these insights, the paper proposes strategies for institutional reforms, digital skills enhancement, and inclusive support systems.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the mediating role of innovation types in the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) and different aspects of business performance within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 250 SMEs. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that GEO is related to different dimensions of SMEs’ performance, with innovation types as partial mediators. This study represents a more holistic understanding of the GEO–performance link through potential mediators contributing to resource orchestration theory in the context of green entrepreneurship. SMEs should consider integrating GEO with diverse innovation efforts to enhance their performance.

A theoretical perspective on grandiose narcissism suggests four forms of it (sanctity, admiration, heroism, rivalry) and states that these forms conduce to different ways of thinking and acting. Guided by this perspective, we examined in a multinational and multicultural study (61 countries; N = 15,039) how narcissism forms are linked to cognitions and behaviors prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, differences in cognitions and behaviors across narcissism forms emerged. For example, higher narcissistic rivalry predicted lower likelihood of enactment of COVID-19 prevention behaviors, but higher narcissistic sanctity predicted higher likelihood of enactment of COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Further, whereas the heroism, admiration, and rivalry narcissism forms acted in a typically antisocial manner, with high narcissism predicting greater endorsement of unfounded health beliefs, the sanctity form acted in a prosocial manner, with higher narcissism being linked to lower endorsement of unfounded COVID-19 health beliefs. Thus, the findings (a) support the idea of four narcissism forms acting differently, and (b) show that these differences reflect a double-edged sword, sometimes linking to an anti-social orientation, and sometimes linking to a pro-social orientation.

This study investigates the role that demographic factors (country of origin, age, gender, and education) play in green purchase intentions (GPIs) among consumers in Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It is based on primary, quantitative, cross-sectional data collected using the questionnaire. The final sample included 680 consumers from the three countries. Hypotheses are tested using the independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results of the study show that age, gender, and education are not significant differentiators in GPI, while partial support was found regarding the role of country of origin. The study points out the relevance of GPIs and indicates the theoretical and practical implications. It enriches the scarce literature on green consumer behavior in the Middle East region and presents future research suggestions for its further development.                                                         

Current research on entrepreneurial orientation is mostly from a firm-level perspective, focuses on developed countries, and recent studies treat entrepreneurial orientation as a uni-dimensional construct. Studies on entrepreneurial orientation from a generational perspective mostly use a comparison between two groups (young and old) and neglect the well-accepted classification of generational cohorts. This study therefore examines the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness and proactivity) among the Baby Boomers, Generations X, Y, and Z in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey that yielded a sample of 1,082 adults from Bosnia and Herzegovina. One-way analysis of variance with Brown-Forsythe, Welch’s F, and least significant post-hoc tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results show some evidence that individual entrepreneurial orientation varies significantly between generations, at different levels of significance. Risk-taking generally decreases with older generations, as does innovativeness, except when comparing Generations X and Y, while proactiveness increases with older generations. The study provides valuable information for future entrepreneurs, business incubators and potential investors.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between age and entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions considering the mediating role of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) dimensions (risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness). Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from 782 individuals from Bosnia and Herzegovina’s working-age population using a cross-sectional survey design. Hypotheses were tested via structural equation modeling. Findings Younger individuals have significantly higher intentions for entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship than older individuals. The mediating role of IEO was partially supported in the case of the relationship between age and entrepreneurial intention as well as age and intrapreneurial intention. While risk-taking and innovativeness partially mediate the relationship, proactiveness does not. Originality/value This study takes a comprehensive approach when examining the relationship between age and entrepreneurial/intrapreneurial intentions in a developing economy while considering the indirect effects of IEO dimensions.

The purpose of this study was to preliminary analyze the financial literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina by considering three main dimensions: interest, inflation, and diversification. The target population was working-age individuals (18–65 years old). By using a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, 638 useful responses were collected. The data was presented through a series of descriptive statistics and frequencies. The results present the extent of financial literacy by considering several demographic factors, such as gender, age category, education, and an individual monthly income, as well as a comparative assessment with previous studies. The findings provide evidence of moderate financial literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina as every third (fourth) respondent was able to answer correctly all three questions addressing financial literacy application (definitions). Similarly, to previous studies, financial literacy depends on the income, education, and age of respondents as well. The study is a pioneer one and extends the literature by examining this important construct within Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This article investigates the relationship between the dimensions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (which includes attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived control behavior) and entrepreneurial intentions and intrapreneurial intentions, considering entrepreneurial orientation as a moderator. Using the snowball sampling method, cross-sectional data were collected from 437 respondents. After testing for reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis, hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression. The results indicate that the attitudes toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control positively relate to entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, attitude toward intrapreneurship is the only dimension of the theory of planned behavior positively related to intrapreneurial intentions. The moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation is only significant for the relationship between attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. Based on the results, several recommendations are made for businesses and policymakers to boost entrepreneurial activity among the current labor force.