The paper analyzes the effects of medicines policy on the functional separation of pharmacy and drugstore businesses from the early 19th century to the Second World War. Attempts to maintain personal and professional interests in the delivery of medicines prompted the long-standing dispute between pharmacists and druggists over the control and trade of drugs and poisons. The issue of state control generated complex processes that emphasized the professional role of pharmacists as providers of pharmaceutical services and druggists as wholesalers of medicines.

By asking the question: "What general, testable claims can be made about all media?", Marshall and Eric McLuhan (1988) sought to establish "laws of media" that could be tested, proven, or disproved by anyone, anywhere, anytime. They formulated these "laws" through four questions that can be asked upon the appearance of or regarding any human artifact/technology/media. The importance of this theory is indisputable insofar as its application can identify past, current, and at least partially predict future trends related to some human artifact/technology/media. In this paper we applied this theory to the websites/services for social networking, considering the increasingly widespread and intensive use of these sites/services in the world. Positive aspects are improved and accelerated communication and connection of people, opportunities for creative expression, association and struggle for common goals, and also earnings. The negative aspects range from a potentially bad impact on the user's mental health, pathological addiction, the increasingly difficult distinction between the real and virtual world, being trapped by filter bubbles, all the way to endangering personal data and security.

The pronoun en is usually described in the literature as an adverbial pronoun, although the adverbial value is only one of several functions in which it can appear. It is a pronoun whose use is very diverse and complex, which is best seen based on numerous syntactic functions that we will present first in this paper. Then we will emphasize the analysis of examples of its use in the corpus, which includes student works divided into three stages (PI / INT / AH). Our goal is to determine to what extent this pronoun is represented in the mentioned corpus and in which syntactic functions it appears most often, i.e., to what extent students master its use. The analysis will also include those examples in which the use of this pronoun was absent as well as those in which its use is unacceptable.

The main goal of this paper is to point out the concept of creativity in teaching, specifically creativity in the teaching of Nature and Society. Nature and society, as a subject, provide many opportunities to express the creativity that we carry within us through the role of a teacher, as well as to teach students how to be creative. The paper highlights examples of different teaching units that indicate ways to encourage creativity in students and awaken their imagination. Through teaching, through tasks that the teacher creatively devises, we encourage students to think creatively and act, in addition to acquiring knowledge more permanently and functionally. Possibilities of creating Nature and Society lessons through creative examples and experiments, as well as evaluating and measuring creativity, were presented. The work results indicated that creative teachers create their fruits, which are called creative students, that they are causally connected, and that creativity is a synonym for an expert and professional teacher.

<p>Funkcioniranje triju službenih jezika u Bosni i Hercegovini predstavlja vrlo interesantan model pripremanja tekstova na bosanski, hrvatski i srpski jezik, te se dokumenti važni za pravni sistem na&scaron;e države objavljuju tako da svaki ima svoje tri vrlo slične <span style="text-decoration: underline;">verzije.</span> U ovom radu analiziratće se dokument s nazivom Preporuke o priznavanju specifičnih oblika učenja na bosanskome i srpskome ili Preporuke o priznavanju specifičnih vidova učenja na hrvatskome, a cilj rada jeste da se izdvoje uočene razlike među verzijama, sagleda odnos različite i jednake upotrebe određenih jezičkih pojava, te rasvijetli gramatička opravdanost prikazanih razlika. Time bi se dodatno sagledao cjelokupan proces nastanka triju verzija&nbsp; jednoga dokumenta, njihovo normativno upori&scaron;te i vrijednost te, konačno, ukaže na put i<br />stranputice kojim već 20-ak godina hode službeni jezici u BiH.</p>

<p>TIMMS istraživanja su izvr&scaron;ena sa ciljem unapređenja obrazovnog sistema na svjetskom nivou. Istraživanja su bazirana za oblasti iz matematike i prirodnih nauka. Pored toga, izvr&scaron;ena su testiranja nekoliko faktora koji imaju uticaj na razvoj učeničkih postignuća na polju informatičke pismenosti. Istraživanjem je dokazano da mentori ili nastavnici treba da budu dovoljno spretni kako bi uspostavili komunikaciju sa NET generacijom mladih. Upotrebom računara ili tableta za vrijeme nastave omogućava se uspostavljanje veze sa mladim rođenim u digitalnoj eri, prilagođavanjem nastavnih sredstava podiže se nivo interakcije. Istraživanjem je dokazano da posjedovanjem naučne laboratorije i upotrebom računarskih tehnologija značajno se utiče na razvoj informatičke i naučne pismenosti.&nbsp;<br />Posjedovanjem vlastitog mobitela i računara ima značajan uticaj kada su u pitanju usvajanja znanja iz prirodnih nauka i matematike. Prema tome, uvođenjem digitalnih tehnologija i inovacija u obrazovni sistem, trend slabih rezultata na međunarodnim istraživanjima bi trebao biti pro&scaron;lost.</p>

BILATERAL PROJECT REPORT IMPACT OF QUARANTINE DUE TO COVID-19 ON THE MUSIC INDUSTRY IN SLOVENIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Background: Primary healthcare plays a crucial role in addressing opiate addiction, aiming to provide treatment to approximately 80 percent of affected individuals, aligning with its approach to managing other chronic diseases. An optimal scenario involves the integration of opiate substitution therapy within primary healthcare settings, enhancing accessibility for individuals struggling with addiction. For effective treatment delivery, primary healthcare facilities must be equipped with knowledgeable staff, appropriate medical equipment, and diagnostic resources. In instances where primary healthcare cannot deliver services to full capacity,  referrals to secondary healthcare facilities, particularly addiction specialist, become necessary for comprehensive examination and treatment. Methods: This study adopts a retrospective qualitative approach. It encompasses an examination of pertinent laws and regulations, analysis of opiate addiction reports and treatment documentation, and the facilitation of focus group discussions. Results: Findings from the focus group sessions illuminate prevalent challenges within primary care, indicating difficulties in managing addicted individuals coupled with negative emotional responses among staff members, underscoring the need for enhanced support and training. Conclusion: Addressing the identified gaps necessitates collaborative efforts involving secondary healthcare education, systemic reforms, and increased involvement of psychiatrists in the treatment continuum. By integrating  these measures, primary healthcare systems can bolster their capacity to effectively address opiate addiction, thereby improving outcomes and overall  community well-being.

<p>More recently modified stainless steels have been used to produce various structural elements that work in complex operating conditions. Stainless steel X8CrNiS18-9 (standard EN 10088-3) is the most commonly used from the group of austenitic stainless steel in terms of machinability. This steel has high mechanical and working properties thanks to a complex alloying, primarily with elements such as chromium and nickel. The content of sulphur present in the steel from 0.15 to 0.35% improves machinability. However, sulphur at the same time decreases the mechanical properties, particularly toughness. In steel, tellurium stabilizes carbides and reduces the microporosity of the structure. Also, tellurium is now recognized as a powerful sulphur modifier as well as a machinability additive when used in combination with lead and sulphur. This work aims to determine the influence of tellurium on the machinability, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the mentioned steel.</p>

The article explores the methods and potential applications of terrestrial laser scanning technology. It also presents the preliminary results of scanning the Bijambare cave, where a georeferenced three-dimensional model of the cave's interior was created. This model, based on available data, stands as the first accurate 3D representation of a speleological object in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first section of the paper provides a brief overview of the Bijambare cave area and the laser scanning technology employed, highlighting its advantages over other geodetic measurement techniques. Subsequently, the text delves into the stages of the measurement processing, followed by an examination of the various products generated. The practical significance of these products is illustrated using the example of the Bijambare cave.

The aim of the research was to determine the total content of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in agricultural soils and to determine the potential toxicity of different intake routes for children and adults. Two locations were selected (Tomislavgrad and Mostar) where field crops were grown. Taking soil samples and determining the content of Cd and Cu was carried out according to the Instructions on determining the permitted amounts of harmful and dangerous substances in the soil and their testing methods (Official Gazette of FBiH, no. 96/22). A health risk assessment model based on the guidelines of the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1996; USEPA, 2002; USEPA, 2011) was used to calculate the human health risk assessment. The measured values of the total content of copper and cadmium at the Tomislavgrad location are in accordance with the prescribed limit values. The copper content at the Mostar location was 205.90 mg/kg, which is above the limit value, and the cadmium content is in accordance with the prescribed limit values. When the HI value is less than 1, then there is no risk to human health, but if the values are greater than 1, then there is concern about non-carcinogenic risks (USEPA, 2004). The USEPA considers a carcinogenic risk in the range of 1×10–6 to 1×10−4 to be acceptable to human health. Calculations for non-carcinogenic and cancerous health risks were following the limit values.

<p style="text-align: justify;">This paper deals with the numerical determination of the stress intensity factor KI for meridional cracks on the ellipsoidal head of pressure vessels. The experiment was carried out according to selected parameters, including vessel diameter, wall thickness and pressure. The analysis of the results concluded that the cylindrical segment of the ellipsoidal head and the crown of the ellipsoidal head are the most critical places for the appearance of cracks, exposed to tensile stresses. Regression analysis determined that the internal pressure has the greatest influence on the KI factor, while the diameter of the vessel is also significant for the crown of the ellipsoidal head. The conducted experiments confirm the obtained regression models, although deviations attributed to the imperfections of the numerical simulations were observed. Despite this, it is concluded that the obtained values of the KI factor are satisfactorily accurate.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Fracture mechanics is a field that is increasingly studied and applied in modern industry. One of the most widely accepted methods for assessing structural integrity in this field is the SINTAP method. Although there are many literary sources available that discuss this<br />method, very few of them present its concrete application. This paper presents the application of the mentioned method, along with appropriate equations, at a basic level of analysis. The relevant fracture mechanics parameters are determined numerically using<br />Ansys software, with the example of a thick-walled pressure vessel with cracks in the support zone. The analysis takes into account the effects of operational loads, as well as residual stresses resulting from welding.</p>

This paper analyzes internet memes pertaining to Covid-19. We analyzed more than 200 memes over nine months. By utilizing Blending Theory and Discourse Viewpoint, we attempt to explain the creative inner workings of memes as well as how meaning is negotiated on the internet. We were clearly able to detect memes synchronously following the actual development of Covid-19. We show that meme makers use visuals metonymically to address the current state of Covid-19 while the overall message of memes is driven by simile. As much as memes draw on the concept of Covid-19, they also feed back to it in a loop of self-reference. Along with their underlying metaphoric nature, memes convey a feels-like attitude with two main phases emerging from their usage, i.e., the Observer Phase and the Experiencer Phase. The former showed memes at a stage where Covid-19 was not yet a pandemic (but perceived through media coverage from elsewhere) while the latter, the Experiencer Phase, clearly showed that meme creators had experienced the virus themselves. As for the timeframe covered, however, we conclude that memes do not show full conceptual integration as Covid-19 was not yet fully entrenched.

<p>Dieser Beitrag hat zum Ziel, die Frage zu beantworten, ob der Konjunktiv als Verbmodus in der deutschen Sprache heute lebendig ist und gem&auml;&szlig; den grammatikalischen Regeln, insbesondere in seiner typischen Verwendung in der indirekten Rede, verwendet wird oder, wie im sprachwissenschaftlichen Diskurs der letzten Jahrzehnte oft behauptet, zum Aussterben bedroht ist. Die Recherche erfolgte anhand ausgew&auml;hlter Zeitungsartikel aus den zwei &uuml;berregionalen repr&auml;sentativen deutschen Zeitungen. Bewusst wurden zwei Textsorten, Bericht und Nachricht, ausgew&auml;hlt, mit dernnahme, dass der Konjunktiv nur in Bericht vorkommt, in Nachricht jedoch weniger oder gar nicht. Die detaillierte Analyse des Gebrauchs und der Funktion des Konjunktivs I und Konjunktivs II im Korpus hat gezeigt, dass die Verwendung des Konjunktivs in den beiden Textsorten gleichm&auml;&szlig;ig und sehr lebendig ist und nach den grammatischen Regeln erfolgt.&nbsp;</p>