Wastewater must be treated before discharge into the recipient to such an extent that it meets standards and regulations on wastewater quality, so as not to damage the environment. Depending on the quality of the influent, different technological procedures are applied, which are more or less energy intensive. Also, with the tightening of the conditions related to the quality of the effluent, the application of more energy-intensive purification technologies occurs, and thus the energy consumption at the plants increases. Wastewater treatment plants are among the biggest consumers of energy. In this paper, electric energy consumption at wastewater treatment plants was analyzed depending on different indicators of specific energy consumption, the applied technological process, and the level of purification.

Introduction: 2,4-Diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DABA) is an excitatory amino acid with neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, and potentially carcinogenic effects, found in aquatic ecosystems with a tendency to accumulate in plants and animals. Due to its potential impact on development, its embryotoxicity is being studied. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), with high homology to the human genome, serve as an excellent model for studying development and developmental abnormalities. Objective: To investigate the effect of 2,4-DABA on proteins crucial for zebrafish eye development using molecular docking. Methods: Proteome screening was conducted using the FINDSITEcomb software, selecting 1119 proteins based on homology, tissue specificity, and expression timing. Six proteins that met the criteria were analyzed using molecular docking in the AutoDock Vina program. Results: The interaction of the fzd8a protein with 2,4-DABA showed the lowest Gibbs free energy value of -4.6 kCal/mol, while the interaction with the pbx4 protein had the highest value of -3.4 kCal/mol. A similarity was observed in the amino acid sequence of proteins that bind to 2,4-DABA, particularly in those containing an -SH group. Conclusion: 2,4-DABA may affect eye structure development in zebrafish by interacting with proteins throughout the entire development period. The results of in silico analyses provide a basis for further in vivo research, which should be conducted on live embryos to confirm these findings.

Introduction/Aim: Procaine is a local anesthetic from the amino ester group that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. Since it can cross the placenta in its ionized form, its potential impact on embryonic development is of concern. Zebrafish, which have a significant degree of homology with the human genome, allow for the study of cardiovascular system development with reliable extrapolation to humans. Investigation of the effects of procaine on key proteins involved in zebrafish heart development using molecular docking. Methods: First, a screening of the interaction between procaine and the entire human proteome was performed using FINDSITEcomb software. Based on significant interactions with a high degree of analysis precision, 113 proteins were selected. Using the ZFIN database, the degree of homology between the selected human proteins and zebrafish proteins, tissue specificity, and expression timing were determined. Nine proteins met all the criteria: kcnh6a, kcnh7, kcnh5a, kcnh2a, psen2, rbfa, and zfpl1, and were further investigated through molecular docking in the AutoDock Vina program. Results: Most of the proteins were highly expressed during the blastula stage. Docking results showed that the scn1laa protein and procaine had the lowest Gibbs free energy value (-6 kCal/mol), while the zfp11 protein had the highest value (-4.4 kCal/mol). Procaine binding to the tested proteins revealed similar amino acid sequences within the same protein family. Conclusion: Procaine interacts with proteins involved in zebrafish heart development under in silico conditions. Further analyses on live embryos are needed to complement these findings.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious cardiovascular disease and the primary cause of mortality, with a complex etiopathology. Identifying the genetic basis of myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for developing personalized medical treatments. This study examined the possible association between polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and MI. In the study, 120 patients with MI and 120 age-and-sex-matched controls were genotyped for C677T and A1298C MTHFR polymorphisms by the allele-specific or amplification refractory mutation systempolymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). In the case of the C677T polymorphism, the T/T and C/T genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of MI under the dominant genetic model (odds ratio (OR)=2.060; P=0.006). Although there was no significant association between the A1298C variant and MI, this polymorphism was linked to a higher level of creatinine in MI patients (P<0.002). A similar association was observed for the C677T polymorphism (P=0.003). An A-T haplotype represented an increased risk for MI (OR=1.630; P=0.014), whereas the A-C haplotype had a protective role (R=0.517; P=0.002). These findings indicate that C677T MTHFR polymorphism is strongly associated with and increased risk of MI, making it a potential genetic risk factor and a possible predictor of MI.

In medieval Bosnia, the existence of a unified legal code that defined the legal principles, duties, and obligations of the parties involved in a particular dispute was not recorded. One of the most significant relationships in the history of medieval Bosnia was the relationship between the ruler and the nobility. The rights and obligations of the nobles in relation to the ruler in the medieval Bosnian state were defined through the institution of "faithful service" on one side and "noble faith" on the other. Simply put, as long as the nobles faithfully served the ruler, they were secure and their possessions were protected. This article focuses on instances of treason against the ruler and the judicial body responsible for investigating charges and delivering judgments according to established legal customs. The nobles mentioned in the Bosnian charters played a role in defining the relationship between the ruler and the respective noble, as did members of the hierarchy of the Bosnian Church. The Bosnian Church was a religious institution formed in the territory of Bosnia after the displacement of the Catholic diocese in the mid-13th century and was first mentioned in the 1320s. It was considered a heretical movement by the Roman Church, and its followers were excommunicated. It was accepted by the Bosnian ruling dynasty of Kotromanić and by the majority of noble families. From the perspective of neighboring states, the hierarchy of this church was considered to be the authority characterized by exceptional moral values. The aim of this article is to provide the research results regarding the role of the head (djed) of the Bosnian Church in determining the culpability of Bosnian nobles during the 14th and 15th centuries.

This study aims to assess and monitor the health of an urban protected area by analyzing the levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) in soil and sediments. Based on the results, the detected concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and Hg are above the threshold maximum values for soils, and the prescribed target values for sediments. In the investigated protected area PCBs pose a very high ecological risk. The presence of 16 priority PAHs in analyzed soils and sediments poses a moderate to high cancer risk and Hg poses a considerable health risk to children. The research suggests that preserving urban protected areas is crucial for environmental and urban sustainability. In urban environments these areas should be evaluated in terms of their environmental, eco-geochemical, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions. The value of the existence of this natural oasis lies in its aesthetic and psycho-hydrological impact, local climate regulation, residential isolation, and significant art-architectural and horticultural shaping. The connection between eco-geochemical and management practices, planning, and urban green spaces policy should become an adopted innovation in the cities in the future.

Since the 1960s, the rapid advancement of information technology (IT) infrastructure has been covered by the innovation of new electronic devices. This progress has not only accelerated industrial growth but also enhanced the quality of human life. Modern electronic devices are highly advanced and contain numerous components. Traditionally, Sn-Pb solder alloys have been the preferred choice due to their many advantages, such as ease of use, low melting point, favorable working conditions, good ductility, and excellent wetting properties on copper and its alloys. However, due to the toxic effects of lead on both health and the environment, limit the use of lead. As a result, the development of lead-free solder alternatives has been a focus for the past thirty years. To investigate new solder materials extensively, it's crucial to understand phase diagrams, phase equilibria, and melting points. Thermodynamic calculations and modeling are key in producing a consistent dataset and predicting thermodynamic properties. Muggianu Model and Model Toop were used to calculate the thermodynamic properties of Al-Ga-Sn liquid alloys. The predicted values were compared with the calculated results of the General Solution Model, and published experimental data confirm that the models are both accurate and practical.

Važan preduvjet za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje trešnje pored odabira sorte i podloge s dobrim pomološkim karakteristikama je i procjena potrebe za navodnjavanjem, kao način na koji će se ono i obavljati. U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjih poljskih pokusa (2018.-2019), s ciljem utvrđivanja utjecaja režima navodnjavanja i sorte, te njihove interakcije na prinos i masu ploda. Ispitivane su tri sorte trešnje različitih razdoblja zriobe (Burlat, Skeena, Sweet heart), cijepljene na slabo bujnu podlogu Gisela 5, uzgajane na tlu Eutrični kambisol. Rezultati su pokazali da je sorta Skeena u 2018. godini imala najveću prosječnu masu ploda (11,68 g) i prinos (9,64 kg/stablu), dok je u 2019. godini imala najmanji prosječan prinos (3,05 kg/stablu). Sorta Burlat u 2019. godini je imala najmanju prosječnu masu ploda (7,36 g). Korelacijskom analizom utvrđena je statistička značajnost režima navodnjavanja na ispitivane parametre promatranih sorti trešnje.

Translating work by authors who were forced to leave their original cultural context, which provided them with a unique position of viewing their own, but also other identities – now has a new, more interesting function. Translation thus does not only search for a common space for universal recognition and understanding based on common experiences but rather communicates differences and specific local qualities as opposed to the global context. In the English translation of the collection of stories by Miljenko Jergović, Sarajevo Marlboro, a book about the lives of common people from Sarajevo before and during the siege in the nineties, a translator is in a different relation toward the readers, due to the very need to use a translation for communication. In this process, the specification can be seen as not only a translation technique but a strategy for explicitation and explanation of Bosnian & Herzegovinian cultural elements, especially those which are invisible, under the surface of the text, coded in our cultural identities. This paper analyses the translation of cultural elements of Bosnian identity, and the techniques used in their translation.

Observing through the historical prism of regional development and regionalization in Bosnia and Herzegovina, city and region of Sarajevo have special importance and significance. This is mainly due to the fact that the City of Sarajevo is the main administrative center, i.e. the center of political, economic, cultural and overall social life and development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the Sarajevo is the center of Canton of Sarajevo, the center of this macro-region, as well as it is the capital of the entity of the Federation and state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. All those facts make Sarajevo attractive both for life and business, furthermore for studying its capacity and development potentials as well. In modern economics, the regions represent an important development level, while regionalisation represent an essentional component of the political systems of the modern state. The regions have become a link between local and central (state) institutions of government and local and overall economic development of country. The Bosnia and Herzegovina has a long tradition of regionalization and regionalism. Over long time, it has gone through verious phases and forms of regionalisation depening on then chraging political order. Sarajevo as a city and the region has historicaly developed in two directions. First, towards the capital of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the main administrative center. Secondly, towards the center of the region, i.e. the macro-region. Sarajevo macro-region is the most developed region in Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of overall infrastructure and resources bacause of its normative, social importance and the position of the city itself. The territory covered by the Sarajevo macro-region has significant natural resources, energy potentials, as well as resources for the development of industry. Truistically, along with Mostar, it is a most impressive destination for tourists. Nevertheless, this macroregion still does not fully exploit the resources available to it, due to the many limitations and obsticles that directly affect it and that require adequate resolution.

In the dynamic realm of online gaming, sustaining player engagement and immersion within a virtual environment is paramount for both the player community and game developers. World of Warcraft (WoW), a prominent massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), has experienced considerable evolution since its inception in 2004. As gaming technologies advance and player expectations shift, a variety of media platforms, such as forums, social networks, and streaming services, have surfaced, playing a pivotal role in augmenting the WoW gaming experience. This study delves into the impact of different versions of WoW on the players' content experience, focusing on how these media platforms influence player engagement, communication strategies, and problem-solving approaches. Employing qualitative research methods, particularly in-depth interviews, this paper weaves a comprehensive narrative that sheds light on the intersection of technological evolution and gaming experiences. Our findings indicate that the specific version of WoW plays a critical role in shaping player interactions and problem-solving methods. The Classic WoW iteration fosters a sense of community and interaction, necessitating collaboration and the use of external resources. In contrast, Modern WoW has streamlined gameplay mechanics, thereby reducing the emphasis on collaborative efforts and the role of community within the game. This research underscores the fluid nature of social dynamics within the game, evolving in response to the changing preferences and expectations of the player base.

<p>Three new neutral complexes of copper(II) containing chalcone ligands derived from 2'-hydoxyacetophenone and 4-substituted benzaldehydes were synthesized. Complexes were prepared by solution synthesis and characterized by spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of complexes was examined in the reaction of 3,5-di-tertbutylcatehcol (DTBC) oxidation. The kinetics of DTBC catalytic oxidation by copper(II) complexes (1 &ndash; 3) was investigated spectrophotometrically under pseudo-first-order conditions. Catalytic parameters, the maximum reaction rate (vmax), Michaelis-Menten constant (KM), catalytic efficiency, catalytic reaction rate constant (kcat), turnover number (TON), and turnover frequencies (TOF) for complexes 1 &ndash; 3 in DTBC oxidation were collected. The studied complexes 1 and 2 were found to have moderate catalytic activity, while complex 3 does not show catalytic properties.</p>

The study measures and compares the levels of financial integration in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia between 2000 and 2020. This study aims to determine the impact of industrial index, gross domestic product per capita, trade openness, and corporate tax rate on the level of international financial integration. The statistical methods employed are unit root tests, OLS regression, the Breusch-Pagan test, and the heteroskedasticity test. For the 20-year time span and annual data for each parameter, the results have shown a significant positive correlation between gross domestic product per capita and financial integration for both countries. The results for Slovenia indicate that financial integration is negatively affected by trade openness and corporate tax rates, whereas gross domestic product per capita and industrial production index affect positively. In the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, corporate tax rate and industrial production index affect financial integration negatively, while trade openness affect positively but insignificant with financial integration.