This paper analyzes expressions that use the olfactory domain as a figurative source in the Bosnian language. Authentic texts retrieved from the Sketch Engine web application were used as the corpus for the study. The web corpus includes blogs, news portals, and other web pages that use olfactory expressions either in the main text or in the respective comment sections. Two basic smell expressions were found to have the greatest figurative potential and therefore examined in this study. The results of the two basic smell expressions indicate that they are mainly used figuratively with simile being the main focus. Another finding is that olfactory expressions are used for anticipatory purposes.

While insulting opponents is not something alien to politicians and political campaigns, Donald Trump has added a new dimension to it by making it almost a part of his daily routine. Moreover, his insults are often blatant and outright, rather than subtle and disguised, which sets a new tone to political discourse. The goal of this paper is to establish whether his insults are random rants meant to vent his anger and frustration with his critics and political adversaries, or rather a part of a calculated strategy aimed at political gain. The results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the corpus, which consists of 915 tweets published by Trump over a four-month period, and which was done within the methodological framework of the speech act theory and, in part, cognitive linguistics, show that Trump’s insults are not based on impulsivity and randomness. The results also suggest that, based on the way the illocutionary effect of insulting is achieved, his insults are realized in three distinct patterns: derogatory nicknaming, conventional and indirect insults. The recurring framing of political opponents by means of derogatory nickname-calling, by far the most common type of insults identified in this study, reveals a higher-level agenda on the addressor’s side. His intention is to methodically discredit the targets of his insults in the eyes of the third party, whose role and reaction in this type of political discourse become even more prominent than that of the insulted party.

Political identity always reflects one’s values. The overall rhetoric of a political actor aims at depicting a worldview that resonates with her/his voters.  This paper focuses on the campaign for the 2018 General Elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina.  Given its political structure with two entities, 14 parliaments, and a three-member presidency to mention a few of the complexities, Bosnia and Herzegovina greatly struggles with functionality.  In an environment with three ethnic groups and their respective representatives, communicating group-specific values is paramount objective for politicians.  This paper analyses speeches delivered at pre-election gatherings of political parties on the level of the entity of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.  The aim is to analyze direct addresses to voters and subsequently shed light onto political messaging.  Lakoff’s concept of frames will be utilized to get in-depth insight into the values, messages, and ideas political leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina share with the public.

Even though not all satire needs to be funny, it is the humorous element that makes it amusing. This paper attempts at explaining the humorous element along with the inner working of satire from a Cognitive Linguistic viewpoint. This paper proposes an integrated Cognitive-Linguistic approach to verbal and visual satire, and the humor ensuing therefrom. By employing Blending Theory and General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH), the aim is to structure a comprehensive ready-made model for future satire analysis. The present study analyses satire in the fake news TV format of Comedy Central’s The Daily Show, a highly potent resource of both verbal and visual type of satire and humor. The results of the study elicit three main features of the satirical discourse of the show – ridicule, visual input, and cultural reference. Besides having significance for satire research, the results of the paper also raise questions on the general understanding of language.

Abstract Satire has not been given the humorologists’ attention to an extent that would do justice to the amount of humor satire actually holds. Therefore, the intention of this paper is to shed light on satire as humorous discourse, with an emphasis on counterfactuals. Interestingly enough, counterfactuals oppose the actual state of affairs; rhetorically however, they show potential to reveal the truth. Political satire is an area of conflict between truth and falsehood which is exactly why this type of satire is discussed in this paper. Tools from Cognitive Linguistics – framing and blending – are utilized to show to what extent counterfactuals are actually false and how they essentially contribute to satire. Examples of political satire are selected from Comedy Central’s The Daily Show.

The paper focuses on a thoroughly pervasive logical and linguistic device – framing. We will see how framing is performed in the discourse of satire and how it contributes to the humorous effect thereof. The analysis will be done on a very specific satiric corpus i.e. The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Throughout the end of the paper it will be shown how humor arises with the breaking of frames (Goffman, 1974), and consequently leads to successful satire. Stemming from the very nature of the corpus in question, a latenight TV show, three instances of breaking frame were determined: linguistic, logical, and visual. Keywords: frame, breaking frame, satire, cognitive linguistics, GTVH, humor research, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart

Key words: motivation, IT, teaching methodology, creativity in class ABSTRACT Nature of communication of young people requires new communication roles of teachers and pupils/students in today’s classroom. New technologies, social networks and speech communities that shape ways of communication of the youth force teachers to rethink their roles and “update their status” in the classroom. Having in mind that teaching foreign languages means teaching communicative competence and social knowledge, teachers have to learn about new identities of their students, shaped in a new, IT – supported society and virtual world of the internet. Such a world brings new learning habits and techniques of students, which forces teachers to adjust their own identities in the classroom, in order to establish good communication, teaching and finally learning channels with their students. Teachers also need to rethink their own role and competences when it comes to the most challenging aspects in the new inclusion school system in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton: teacher training, IT support and especially the element of creativity, which is necessary for final implementation of educational reform in the existing context in this Canton. The authors conducted a poll with forty seven elementary and high-school English teachers from HN Canton. This paper presents detailed results and conclusions gained through this combination of scientific research and practical exchange of experience with English teachers from HN Canton. It will bring a new light on the current situation in the English classroom in HN Canton, namely: IT competences of teachers, motivation of both teachers and students, teaching methodology and techniques used in the classroom, lifelong learning aspect, (non)existence of infrastructural and material support in their schools etc., with a specific view of teachers’ perception of all these aspects of their work.

This paper tries to give an insight into political reasoning through the theoretic framework of cognitive linguistics. Through an analysis of conceptual metaphors used in the corpus of inaugural speeches of American presidents, we will show how the American value system was constructed and for what purpose. This analysis will show the importance of conceptual metaphor as a rhetoric device and how it can be used. It will eventually be claimed that American presidents have deliberately used conceptual metaphors as a uniting linguistic element. Along with conceptual metaphor we will also make use of two other fundamental parts of cognitive linguistics – image schemas and semantic frames.

Regarding the discrepancy between the English and the Bosnian language concerning an article system, this paper attempts at clarifying the difficulties for Bosnian L2 learners of English. Based on a similar study and an experimental study with Bosnian learners, this paper illustrates and copes with the very apparent and widely present issue of English articles among Bosnian learners. The principles of Definiteness and Specificity are introduced to contrast the two languages, aiding to a deeper understanding of this conceptual difference between English and Bosnian. The paper first states the current position of the English (definite and indefinite) article in the light of the Bosnian language, and specifies their respective Bosnian equivalents, eventually giving a suggestion to a deeper understanding

Regarding the discrepancy between the English and the Bosnian language concerning an article system, this paper attempts at clarifying the difficulties for Bosnian L2 learners of English. Based on a similar study and an experimental study with Bosnian learners, this paper illustrates and copes with the very apparent and widely present issue of English articles among Bosnian learners. The principles of Definiteness and Specificity are introduced to contrast the two languages, aiding to a deeper understanding of this conceptual difference between English and Bosnian. The paper first states the current position of the English (definite and indefinite) article in the light of the Bosnian language, and specifies their respective Bosnian equivalents, eventually giving a suggestion to a deeper understanding.