Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are widely employed in structural health monitoring (SHM) of large objects due to their superior capabilities compared to traditional geodetic methods. TLS provides rapid and detailed data on the geometric properties of objects, enabling various types of analyses. In this study, TLS was utilized to examine the minaret of the Bjelave Mosque, located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The inclination of the minaret was assessed using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear regression (LR) applied to sampled data from four edges of the minaret’s body. The geodetically determined inclination values were used as input data for subsequent static and pushover analyses conducted in DIANA FEA, where the minaret was modeled. The analyses indicate that the inclination increases stress and strain, leading to larger cracks and reduced structural capacity, as demonstrated by the pushover analysis curves. This study highlights the combined impact of structural inclination, water infiltration, and settlement on the minaret’s integrity and proposes these findings as a basis for future maintenance and strengthening measures.

Single-beam echo sounders have gained popularity for various applications due to their compact dimensions, ease of use, and cost-effectiveness. The question that often arises among the users is whether these devices can fulfill the necessary accuracy requirements. This paper concentrates on assessing the accuracy that can be achieved using a single-beam echo sounder. An accuracy assessment was performed by comparing the depths derived from the 3D model created from the single-beam echo sounder data to those obtained through more accurate and independent method (tacheometric surveying) in the test area. Accurate depth determination was achieved through trigonometric leveling, employing a specific methodology that allows for precise depth measurements up to 4.5 meters. The assessment results were compared to the vertical accuracy requirements for surveying and mapping in shallow waters, recommended by the International Hydrographic Organization. The results indicate that, with a 95% probability, the depths determined by the single-beam echo sounder meet the total vertical uncertainty (TVU) requirements specified by the S-44 standard for Order 1a survey.

The creation of cadastral plans, and then different types of maps, is the procedure by which space is coded. During the creation of cadastral plans, they are topographed and different names and auxiliary text are written on them. The geological maps were also topographed during the procedure of creating geological maps. This is necessary in order for the content of the geological map to be complete. These procedures offer the user of cadastral plans and geological maps a lot of information about the terrain presented on the cadastral plans and geological maps. The first cadastral plans and geological maps of Bosnia and Herzegovina are related to the rule of the Austro Hungarian Monarchy. These cadastral plans arose as a result of the first systematic survey of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which took place after Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the then powerful Austro Hungarian Monarchy. The survey started in 1880. and it was successfully completed in 1884. Cadastral plans created as a result of this surveys are called plans of the old survey. They were create in scales of 1: 6250, 1: 3125, 1: 1562.5 and 1: 781.25. Unfortunately, a lot of these plans were destroyed during Second World War. In the environments in which they exist, these cadastral plans are inexhaustible historical sources for many researchers. Cadastral plans of the old survey have a special significance in the historical cartography of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current cadastral plans are arising as a result of survey which realized after the Second World War, when Bosnia and Herzegovina were one of the federal units of the former Yugoslavia. Cadastral plans created on the basis of the results of a survey carried out in the aforementioned period are called plans of the new survey. They were created in scales of 1: 5000, 1: 2500, 1: 2000, 1: 1000 and 1: 500. The subject of the survey were all objects and data certained for recording in the cadastral register and land register. The survey included the madrasas that existed in Travnik: madrasa of Elči Ibrahim-paša, madrasa of Mehmed-paša Kukavica and madrasa of the Mehmed-paša Muhsinović. Madrasas on the cadastral plans of old survey is the subject of research in this paper. The madrasa of Elči Ibrahim- paša was also surveyed during the maintenance of cadastral register. The paper analyzes the depictions of the madrasas in the on the updated lithographic copies of the original cadastral plans of the old survey, which served as working originals of the cadastral plans on which the graphic part of the cadastral register was maintained.

The article explores the methods and potential applications of terrestrial laser scanning technology. It also presents the preliminary results of scanning the Bijambare cave, where a georeferenced three-dimensional model of the cave's interior was created. This model, based on available data, stands as the first accurate 3D representation of a speleological object in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first section of the paper provides a brief overview of the Bijambare cave area and the laser scanning technology employed, highlighting its advantages over other geodetic measurement techniques. Subsequently, the text delves into the stages of the measurement processing, followed by an examination of the various products generated. The practical significance of these products is illustrated using the example of the Bijambare cave.

Historical cartography has an important place among historical sources. Many researchers can have the opportunity to use many cartographic sources during their research. An important source in historical cartography is maps created during the reign of the Ottoman Empire on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the existence of cartographic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina which are the results of the work of cartographers of the world should also be emphasized. Large-scale representations found in the form of cadastral plans of various scales are of particular importance in research. However, small-scale cartographic representations also offer great help to researchers. The first large-scale representations of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. This short period of rule on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the surveying and representing of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina on cadastral plans at the scale 1:6250, 1:3125, 1:1562.5 and 1:781.25. On the basis of these large-scale representations, many small-scale representations of different topics, purposes and scales were created. Small-scale representations were made in different scales, which also dictated the detail of the representation. The maps, i.e. small-scale graphic representations, were produced at the scales of 1:12500, 1:25000, 1:75000, and 1:150000. With the end of the First World War, a new period of cartography of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was born. During this time, topographical maps were made at the scales of 1:25,000, 1:50,000, and smaller scales. Of course, the authors of the maps monitored the situation on the ground and tried to ensure that all the details that could be shown were shown on them in terms of content and according to the possibility of the display. After the end of the Second World War, a completely new period was started in the production of graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A special place is occupied by large-scale representations views - cadastral plans that were prepared at the scales of 1:5000, 1:2500, 1:2000, 1:1000 and 1:500. On the basis of cadastral plans, small-scale graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - maps were created. The map scales were 1:2500, 1:50000 and smaller. Maps with different purposes and themes were created. Topographic maps have a special significance. The completeness of the presentation is an important determinant of all the previously mentioned presentations. The completeness of the cartographic display is reflected in the display of all significant objects, depending on the scale of the display. The area of Bosnia and Herzegovina has many sights. Most of these sights have been measured and shown on large-scale geodetic bases - cadastral plans as well as small-scale geodetic bases - maps. Graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina were created by many cartographers. Taking this as important data, Bosnia and Herzegovina or its individual parts are shown on maps of different scales related to different authors. This is precisely what results in graphic representations on which different signs, display methods, letters, and languages are represented. Cartographic representations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were created in different time periods. The depictions of Bosnia and Herzegovina go back several centuries. Cartographic representations show details that are interesting to many researchers. At the time of the creation of cartographic representations, it was not even imagined how important the representations would be for research in today's time. Historical cartography through cartographic representations offers a lot of information about many objects on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The depictions of the Travnik's old towns Toričan and Vrbenac, are especially important for the research. In the paper, the depictions of the aforementioned remnants of Travnik's old towns were investigated. They were shown on many cartographic sources of different purposes and different scales, which were made by different authors in different time periods. The paper analyzes the depiction of old cities in historical cartographic sources from the 17th to the 20th centuries.

Trends showing increase in the number of mobile device users, as well as the number of tourists, imply that more people rely on their smartphones when navigating in a new environment. Based on these facts, the idea for this experimental research appeared. That idea is applying the process of machine learning, more precisely, the implementation of a neural network, to investigate the possibility of improving the accuracy of smartphone navigation. The achieved results indicate that machine learning algorithms (neural networks) are a powerful tool that can also be applied to GNSS data collected by a smartphone device, in order to improve accuracy. Based on the collected data in the field, preprocessing and machine learning process, it is concluded that it is possible to improve the accuracy of mobile device navigation by up to 50%.

Illegal waste landfills are a current problem facing a large number of countries. In order to control and better manage illegal landfills, it is necessary to know the updated locations and contents of illegal landfills. Remote sensing methods have proven to be extremely effective in the automated detection of potential sites of illegal landfills. This paper focuses on the experimental testing of different values of the segmentation scale parameter of the Pleiades 1B satellite image in the function of detecting illegal landfills in the area of Novo Sarajevo municipality. In this case, the optimal value of the scale parameter is considered to be the value that gives the highest accuracy of classification and whose segments best correspond to the real situation on the ground.

The integration of remote sensing data involves combining various data to get better information, or more information about an area or phenomenon of interest. When it comes to combining data, it usually refers to multi-hour, multi-resolution or multi-sensor data linking. The subject of multi-sensor data integration is the combining of data collected by different sensors. A common example of this type of integration is the integration of multispectral optical data with radar imagery. Both spectrally different modes of representation complement each other: optical data is ''in charge'' of detailed spectral information (used to differentiate soil types) while radar data show structural details on the surface.