The aim of this research was to determine the structure of football through indicators of situational efficiency in world championship matches. The research sample consisted of 370 soccer players who played all 90 minutes of the Round of 16 matches of the three world soccer championships WC2010 (N = 124), WC2014 (N = 126) and WC2018 (N = 120). 30 variables of situational efficiency were used, which were taken from the official website of the World Football Federation (www.fifa.com). To determine the structure of football, we used factor analysis, the method of principal components with oblique direct oblimin transformation was used, and the Kaiser-Gutman criterion was used to determine the significance of the extracted factors. Analyzing the results, the explanation of the common variance was the highest at WC 2010 (83.52 %), followed by WC 2014 (81.97 %), and the lowest explained variance was at WC 2018 (76.30 %). In the structure of football at WC 2010 and WC 2014, 6 latent factors were singled out, and at WC 2018, 4 latent factors were singled out, which are differently saturated with situational indicators. We conclude that changes have occurred in the structure of football over a period of 8 years, which is shown by the number and structure of factors that have been fished out. The structure of football has changed in such a way that the number of factors has been reduced from 6 to 4, and the structure of isolated factors clearly defines modern football. Based on the results, the guidelines and standards on which football training should be based can be clearly determined, while using certain training tools, training stimuli and appropriate training loads in order to achieve a high level of physical preparation, a high level of technique in movement, a high rhythm of the game and tactical maturity of football players.

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the education system provides new opportunities for improving the quality of teaching and learning. This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence in the teaching of mathematics, focusing on different approaches, tools and methods that can contribute to a better understanding and mastering of mathematical concepts. Through an analysis of relevant literature and case studies, this paper examines how VI can personalize the learning process, enable adaptive teaching, and support teachers in evaluating and monitoring student progress. The research results show that the integration of artificial intelligence into the teaching process can significantly improve educational outcomes and student motivation, but also pose challenges related to the implementation and ethical aspects of using AI in education.

This paper examines the legal and practical aspects of Article 266 of the Serbian Criminal Code, which criminalizes the import, as well as illegal processing, disposal, and storage of hazardous materials in Serbia. The study explores the conceptual underpinnings of the law, emphasizing its role in safeguarding public health and environmental safety. It scrutinizes the application of Article 266, highlighting notable cases and enforcement strategies employed by Serbian judicial authorities, as well as a study cases related to problems of hazardous waste. The paper also delves into the inherent challenges in the legislation`s implementation, including the identification and classification of dangerous substances, the evolving nature of hazardous materials, and jurisdictional issues. Moreover, the study critically analyzes the impact of international conventions and European Union standards on Serbian law, exploring how global trends influence domestic legal frameworks. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for enhancing the efficacy of Article 266, suggesting legislative reforms, raising public awareness, and improving inter-agency collaboration to effectively combat the illegal handling of hazardous materials in Serbia. U radu se analiziraju pravni i praktični aspekti člana 266.

Mosquito surveillance which includes monitoring of their presence, developmental stage, abundance and species determination is the first step in the implementation of their control measures. Since 2020. continuous mosquito surveillance in the territory of the city of Belgrade is conducted by Department of Ecology and Environmental Improvement, PUC "City Sanitation" Belgrade. Surveillance is carried out every year from March to October on previously established locations in all Belgrade municipalities. Aedes japonicus (Theobald 1901) invasive mosquito species has become successfully established beyond its native distribution range. In Europe this species was first recorded in France in 2000. and in Serbia first detection of its presence was in 2018. in Ljuba at the border with Croatia. In 2024. both larvae and adults were recorded for the first time in the territory of Belgrade. Second and third instar larvae were found at the Lipovička šuma site on two occasions, the first time in March and again in April in used tyres where water had stagnated after rainfall. They were transported from the field to the entomological laboratory and left to reach the fourth-instar so that identification could be performed. After reaching the fourth-instar one part of larvae was identified based on morphology and the rest of the larvae were left to complete the developmental cycle to the adult stage. Emerged adults were then identified based on morphology. Identification of both larvae and adults showed that they belong to the species Aedes japonicus. Adult mosquitoes of this species were also found in July at three different sites (Banjička šuma, Hajd park, Filmski grad) during adult mosquito surveillance. Continuous surveillance in the following period will show whether these are individual cases or is the species already established in the city of Belgrade.

Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the potential reduction in the likelihood of anastomotic leakage occurrence in patients undergoing open anterior resection of the rectum without a protective stoma for stage III adenocarcinoma, by employing a transanal tube after performing stapled colorectal anastomosis. Results: Considering the influence of all included risk factors, male gender (p=0.032; OR=2.873) and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (p=0.033; OR=2.873) demonstrated an increased likelihood of anastomotic leakage, while the presence of a transanal tube (p=0.043; OR=0.349; 95% CI: 0.126, 0.966) was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the likelihood of anastomotic leakage. T-test revealed that patients with anastomotic leakage without a placed tube had a statistically significantly longer mean postoperative hospitalization (20.94 days) compared to those with a transanal tube (19.43 days) (t=2.375; p=0.025). Kaplan-Meier analysis didn't show a statistically significant difference in the average estimated time to the occurrence of anastomotic leakage between patients without (3.86 days) and with a transanal tube (4.58 days) (p=0.057). Conclusion: Our study found that the placement of a transanal tube after colorectal anastomosis may be associated with a reduced likelihood of anastomotic leakage and shorter hospitalization in case leakage occurs. Additionally, although no statistically significant difference was found in the effect of the tube on the occurrence of anastomotic leakage depending on the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the indication for its use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be of particular benefit.

Basketball as a sports activity has evolved over its long history from an alternative game to a highly selective sport in which success is reserved exclusively for the most talented and capable individuals. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the exertion of force produced on a surface for the dominant and non-dominant leg in basketball players of different levels of competition. The research was conducted on a sample of 33 subjects of senior age from three levels of basketball competition in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH). Exertion of the force exercised during the jump on a surface was obtained using the Gyko System and Opto Jump. The “Single leg jump” test procedure was used. It is concluded that 30-50% of the variables have a statistically significant difference, which partially indicates the existence of statistically significant differences in the exertion of force in the dominant and non-dominant leg. The biggest difference in the dominant and non-dominant leg was detected in subjects of the A1 League (3 out of 6 variables). The smallest difference was detected in the subjects of the A2 League (no statistically significant difference was detected in any variable). Subjects in the Premier League showed a difference in 2 of 6 variables (flight time and jump height). The results obtained indicate that regular practice with both legs, both in the game and in training, will help players become balanced and efficient in all aspects of the game. Based on these results, it is possible to construct test batteries that will provide quality information necessary for planning and programming in basketball.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global call for action to end poverty, protect our planet's environment and climate, and provide opportunities for all people to enjoy peace and prosperity. Decarbonizing the transport sector is key to achieving the UN and EU climate goals. Under the Paris Agreement, EU countries have committed to making the EU climate-neutral by 2050. To achieve the goal of net neutrality, EU countries have set a goal to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors (especially transport) by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and to continue to gradually reduce emissions by 2050, when there should be zero greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors. The Regional Development Strategy, i.e. the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, aims to respond to the challenges of climate change and green transition and to help the countries of the Western Balkans harmonize environmental regulations with European standards and norms. Electric mobility and management of E mobility is becoming a decisive element in the smart and sustainable development of cities and local communities as one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The transition to electric mobility (e-mobility) in urban areas requires a combination of infrastructure, smart grid technologies, vehicle advances, and digital platforms to ensure efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability. Several cities around the world have successfully integrated e-mobility technologies into their urban transport systems. The paper analyses cities that showcase different aspects of electric mobility transformation, with a detailed analysis of the financial investments and economic benefits associated with e-mobility projects in each of the selected cities. Western Balkan cities are gradually adopting e-mobility solutions through subsidies for electric vehicles, expansion of charging infrastructure, electrification of public transport, and integration of micro-mobility. This paper analyses cities in Southeast Europe and the Western Balkans, the challenges in fully adopting e-mobility, and their efforts to implement smart and sustainable urban transport solutions.

Summary:The process of state succession, according to the rules of classical international law and the dominant theory of universal succession taken from Roman law, is inconsistent due to the sources of international law that regulate it. To standardize the practice of dealing with predecessor states and successor states in cases of succession, two international conventions were adopted: the Convention on the Succession of States concerning international treaties in 1978 and the Convention on the Succession of States concerning state property, archives, and debts in 1983. Although the former convention entered into force in 1996, the latter one never did. However, both conventions attempted to standardize the way succession cases are handled following international law. In the case of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the process of succession following unconstitutional secession became highly politicized, particularly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The instrumentalization of international public law for political purposes in this case is still relevant today, as it highlights the politicization of international relations and legal norms. The Succession Agreement signed in 2001 was a positive step towards fairly dividing the assets and liabilities of the SFRY among the successor states. However, even 23 years after its signing, this process has not been completed. Furthermore, there have been violations of basic human rights by Croatia and Slovenia regarding the succession of acquired rights of former citizens of the SFRY, despite these countries now having the status of EU members. The conclusion suggests the necessity of further cooperation and solving key issues to achieve stability and prosperity in the region.

Renewable energy sources are of vital importance for solving the problem of energy stability, especially solar energy, which should become the cheapest source of electricity in almost all African countries by 2030. International financial institutions should step up the mobilization of private capital, act as first movers to absorb risk and protect investments. This would help promote projects that support vulnerable populations, lay the foundations for sustainable economic growth and ensure that Africa becomes an attractive destination for energy investment. Many people associate technologies like solar and wind power with the efforts they make to combat climate change. But for the world's most vulnerable populations, they are much more than a clean energy solution. In terms of energy sources, the continent of Africa has a huge potential that has remained largely untapped. Despite having large expanses for 60% of the best solar resources globally, Africa has about the same installed solar PV capacity as Belgium, a small country not known for its amount of solar energy utilization. There is also great potential for hydro, wind and geothermal energy in many African countries, and these energy sources can play an important role in diversifying and securing electricity supply. Responsible use of the continent's natural resources will be essential to its development.

Komunikacija odraslih osoba je tema brojnih istraživanja što ne iznenađuje uzimajući uobzir važnost komunikacije i njen utjecaj na svakodnevni život. Uspješno komuniciranje možemosvrstati među izrazito značajne životne vještine. Biološke razlike među spolovima dokazano utječu narazličitu podložnost određenim bolestima, ali i na primjetne bihevioralne razlike. Osim biološkihrazlika izvjesno je i da odgoj osoba muškog i ženskog spola, kao i društveni tretman, nisu u potpunostijednaki, kako zbog tradicijskih tako i kulturalnih vrijednosti, a sve navedeno ostavlja posljedice naponašanje i interpersonalne vještine pojedinca. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati pecepcijubosanskohercegovačke javnosti o postojanju razlika u komunikacijskim vještinama odraslih osoba uodnosu na spol. Rezultati istraživanja govore u prilog tvrdnjama da postoje značajne razlike upercepciji komunikacijskih vještina odraslih osoba u odnosu na pripadnost određenom spolu. Slabijerazvijene komunikacijske vještine, ali i različita komunikacijska očekivanja mogu dovesti doakumuliranja stresa i pojave konflikata odnosno neprimjerenih obrazaca ponašanja uključujućiagresivne i/ili nasilne ispade. Aplikativna vrijednost ovog rada se ogleda u ukazivanju na važnostkreiranja adekvatnih komunikacijskih pristupa prilagođenih komunikatorima, kao i pravovremenog iodgovarajućeg tretiranja nasilne komunikacije kao vida ponašajne patologije.

Cilj izricanja i izvršenja kazne zatvora je prevashodno resocijalizacija i reintegracijapočinioca krivičnog djela u društvo, nakon njenog izvršenja. U zatvorskom sistemu i sitemu izvršenjakazne zatvora, predviđeni su različiti načini ostvarivanja navedenih ciljeva kroz programe i tretmanekoji se provode kroz aktivnosti koje zatvorenici obavljaju u zatvorima poput: rada, obrazovanja,adekvatnog korištenja slobodnog vremena, različitih specijalnih edukacija, zatim sportske aktivnosti,kreative radionice, čitanje knjiga, pisanje literarnih radova, odvijanje niza terapija u okviru programarehabilitacije koje su povezane sa navedenin aktivnostima i sl. U tom pravcu su i autorice ovog radaprestavile značaj postojanja biblioteka i bogastvo bibliotečkog fonada te stanje u zatvorskimbibliotekama u zatvorskom sistemu u BiH. Nakon kratkog upoznavanja sa zatvorskim sistemom isistemom izvršenja kazne zatvora u BiH, posebnu pažnju su posvetile terapijskom radu i važnostipostojanja biblioteka radi rehabilitacije, zatim obrazovanja, važnosti raznih specijalnihedukacija, nekih obuka iz oblasti informatike te čitanju knjiga u slobodno vrijeme kao vidu kreativnei terapijske radionice. Veoma značajan dio rada su rezultati istraživanja o stanju u bibliotekama uzatvorskom sistemu u BiH i odgovor na postavljenu hipotezu "Bibliotečki fond u zatvorima u BiH neodgovara potrebama zatvorenika". Nakon provedenog intervjua i analize anketnih upitnikaprovedenih u nekoliko zatvora u BiH, autorice izvode zaključke o broju i sadržaju bibliotečkog fondazaključujući da li postojeće stanje zadovoljava potrebe zatvorenika u zatvorima. Na kraju predlažukako unaprijediti stanje u zatvorima u pogledu obogaćivanja zatvorskih biblioteka, a samim tim iomogućiti realizaciju programa obrazovanja, korisnog iskorištavanja slobodnog vremena i, ukonačnici, obezbjediti kvalitetniju resocijalizaciju.

Geopolymer is a type of inorganic polymer which hardens after being synthesized at ambient temperature. Geopolymers are synthesized by the reaction of poly-condensation of the geopolymer precursor and alkali activator. Ecologically, it would be more favourable to use industrial by-products since the hazardous waste is being taken care of. The most frequently used raw materials for geopolymer production are: kaolin clays, meta-kaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slag, fly ash and slag mixture, fly ash and meta-kaolin mixture and so forth. Fly ash from the Stanari Termal Power Plant, granulated slag from ArcelorMittal Zenica and quarc sand from Tuzla were used as initial raw material for the purpose of the study presented in this work. Based on the results obtained through research carried out in laboratory conditions at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences in Zenica and at the "Kakanj" Cement Factory, it can be concluded that fly ash from the TPP Stanari together with granulated blast furnace slag from ArcelorMittal Zenica can successfully use for the production of geopolymer. This test determined that the best compressive strength results were obtained by samples with a ratio of water glass/NaOH=2.0 and that the optimal heat treatment temperature was 60°C.