Olaparib, the first clinically approved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, may be repurposed for non-oncological conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where PARP-1 inhibition has shown benefits in preclinical models. We investigated the expression and functional status of PARP-1 and the effects of olaparib in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ARDS patients and healthy controls. PBMCs from healthy volunteers (N = 8) and ARDS patients (N = 8) were isolated via Ficoll gradient. PARP-1, cleaved PARP (cPARP), and PAR polymers were assessed by Western blotting. Cytokine production was measured in plasma and in PBMC supernatants after 1 h preincubation with olaparib (10 µM) or vehicle, followed by LPS (100 ng/ml) stimulation for 4 h. Cellular bioenergetics were analyzed using Seahorse XFe24 after H2O2 (100 µM, 2 h) with or without olaparib pretreatment. Control PBMCs showed a lymphocyte-predominant population with mostly full-length PARP-1. In ARDS Day 1 samples, PARylated proteins increased and PARP became downregulated. By Day 8, PARylation decreased and full-length PARP-1, as well as cleaved PARP-1 were detectable. Olaparib treatment of the cells did not alter the LPS-induced cytokine responses. Exposure of healthy PBMCs to oxidative stress suppressed cellular bioenergetics, and this effect was attenuated by olaparib. However, in ARDS PBMCs, which were already bioenergetically suppressed, oxidative stress had no further effect, and olaparib was without protective effect. Thus, in PBMCs isolated from ARDS, olaparib’s cytoprotective effect is no longer detectable, likely due to PARP-1 inactivation and degradation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-026-03623-4.

Robots increasingly provide explanations to support transparency in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), yet users differ widely in how much explanation they prefer and when it is appropriate. We present a lightweight simulation framework in which a robot selects among explanation policies ranging from no explanation to norm-based, preference-based, and a Bayesian Adaptive (BA) policy that learns user preferences online while respecting normative expectations. Using synthetic user archetypes, we evaluate how these policies trade off utility, alignment, explanation cost, and regret. Results show that BA consistently achieves low regret across individual users while maintaining strong utility and alignment across diverse user archetypes. These findings motivate the development of preference-aware, uncertainty-driven explanation mechanisms for robust, adaptive robot communication in heterogeneous HRI settings.

The rapid growth of the global population has increased the consumption of chicken eggs, leading to the generation of significant quantities of eggshell waste. The sustainable valorization of this biowaste represents an important environmental and resource management challenge. In this study, CaO was synthesized from waste chicken eggshells via calcination at 800 °C and evaluated as a green precipitating agent for the removal of toxic Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of key precipitation parameters, including initial pH, stirring speed, contact time, and CaO dosage, were systematically investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency increased with increasing pH, mixing intensity, contact time, and CaO dosage, reaching a maximum Pb(II) removal of 90% under investigated conditions of initial pH 9, stirring speed of 500 rpm, contact time of 15 min, and CaO dosage of 500 mg. In the presence of the competing ion Fe(III), the removal efficiency further increased to 99.99%, indicating a potential synergistic effect in the precipitation process. FT-IR analysis confirmed the successful formation of CaO and revealed significant spectral changes after Pb(II) precipitation, including shifts and disappearance of characteristic absorption bands, indicating the formation of insoluble hydroxide and carbonate phases. These findings demonstrate that eggshell-derived CaO is an effective and environmentally sustainable material for Pb(II) removal from aqueous media and represents a promising approach for the valorization of eggshell waste.

Background/Objectives: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a particularly severe subtype of stroke, characterized by high rates of mortality and long-term disability, for which robust prognostic markers are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the ICH score, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) levels with 30-day mortality in patients with sICH. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with sICH based on neuroimaging findings. Demographic data, clinical parameters, neuroimaging findings, and serum hs-cTnI levels were collected on admission. Subsequently, the ICH score, its individual components, and the NIHSS score were assessed. Results: Patients who died were older and had significantly higher ICH and NIHSS scores, lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, larger hematoma volumes, more frequent intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and elevated hs-cTnI levels compared to survivors. Serum hs-cTnI concentrations were significantly correlated with ICH and NIHSS scores, lower GCS scores, larger hematoma volumes, and the presence of IVH. On univariate logistic regression, higher ICH score, NIHSS score, and hs-cTnI level were associated with mortality, whereas multivariate analysis identified the GCS score, hematoma volume, and IVH score as significant independent factors related to fatal outcome. Conclusions: Individual components of the ICH score may provide useful information on outcomes in patients with sICH. Higher serum hs-cTnI levels were associated with 30-day mortality but were not independent predictors. These markers may assist in patient monitoring and support established clinical procedures in therapeutic decision-making. Nevertheless, larger multicenter studies are needed to further clarify their clinical implications in sICH management.

Background: Australia’s increasingly multicultural landscape has seen a rise in culturally and linguistically diverse populations, many of whom face subtle and systemic forms of discrimination known as “new racism”. Objective: Underpinned by a person-centred and holistic framework, which recognises individuals as experts in their own lived experiences and emphasises strength-based, culturally situated understandings of well-being, this paper reports on a study that explores how culturally and racially marginalised diverse people in Australia cope with the mental health impacts of new racism. Design: A qualitative descriptive approach was employed in this study. Participants: Thirty participants from ten culturally and linguistically diverse communities participated in eight focus groups, providing rich insights into their lived experiences. Methods: Data were collected through semi-structured focus-group interviews conducted between March and June 2025. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’ method of thematic analysis. Results: Thematic analysis revealed four key coping strategies: (1) acceptance of immutable identity traits to foster resilience, (2) emotional ventilation within culturally safe spaces, (3) self-growth and empowerment through reflection and adaptive practices, and (4) assertive responses to racism when necessary. While some participants reported psychological distress, many demonstrated resilience and resourcefulness, challenging deficit-based assumptions often found in the existing literature. Findings underscore the importance of culturally responsive mental healthcare, including peer support, emotional safe spaces, and strength-based interventions. Conclusions: This study offers a holistic understanding of how culturally and racially marginalised people cope with new racism and its mental health impacts. The findings highlight the critical need for person-centred, culturally responsive, and equity-focused mental health support, providing actionable guidance for nursing practice and policy development.

This study investigates white willow bark extract (WWBE) as a potential corrosion inhibitor for Cu-DHP in a 0.5 M NaCl solution, using a non-destructive electrochemical methods, namely electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrolytes consisted of 0.5 M NaCl solutions both with and without the addition of WWBE (0.1–0.5 g l −1 ). The 0.5 M NaCl solution containing 0.5 g l −1 WWBE, both in the presence and absence of a copper plate, was analysed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The experiments were conducted at room temperature. The EFM results indicated that WWBE functioned as a cathodic copper corrosion inhibitor, with the highest inhibition efficiency observed for the 0.5 M NaCl solution containing 0.5 g l −1 WWBE. The EIS results suggested the formation of a protective WWBE inhibitor film. The corrosion process was diffusion-controlled, both with and without the addition of WWBE. Both electrochemical methods demonstrated that WWBE adsorbed onto the copper surface in 0.5 M NaCl solution via physisorp-tion, following the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Gibbs free energy values of adsorption were similar for EFM and EIS. The UV-Vis results showed that immersion of copper in an electrolyte containing 0.5 g l −1 WWBE for 24 h led to a change in the absorbance maximum, indicating the formation of a copper–WWBE complex. Overall, the results indicate that WWBE is an effective inhibitor of copper corrosion in chloride conditions. Further research will focus on the identification of compounds and organometallic complexes in WWBE and their individual effects on the corrosion process.

This paper aims to compare the mechanical and structural properties of butt-welded joints of dissimilar Al alloys 2024-T351 and AA 6082-T6 obtained by MIG and TIG welding processes. Alloy AA 6082 T6 is weldable by classic fusion welding processes (MIG and TIG), while alloy 2024-T351 is mostly non-weldable. For the welding of these two different Al alloys, MIG and TIG welding procedures were used on 8 mm thick sheet metal using additional material 4043A (AlSi5) and a mixture of Ar and He as a shielding gas for the MIG welding process, or pure Ar for the TIG welding process. The present study showcases the mechanical properties of welded joints obtained by MIG and TIG welding. The microstructural evolution of the welded joint of dissimilar Al alloys AA6082-T6 and AA2024-T351 is compared. The mechanical properties of welded joints of dissimilar Al alloys are estimated based on the results of Vickers hardness, tensile, and bending tests of as-welded samples.

<p style="text-align: justify;">Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with chronic inflammation recognized as a critical factor in its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A), alongside the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), in CRC development and progression. The reason we chose theese cytokines amoung others is that we found certain number of similar research in recent literature for comparision, condidering this topic is quite rare. Elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-17A have been linked to enhanced tumor proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis, highlighting their contribution to a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Conversely, IL-10 exhibits a dual role by suppressing inflammation yet potentially facilitating immune evasion and tumor progression in certain contexts. Understanding the complex interplay and signaling pathways of these cytokines may improve CRC risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, and offer new avenues for targeted therapies. This review synthesizes current evidence from recent literature to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications of IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-10 in colorectal cancer.</p>

The first industrial robots appeared in the production processes in the 1960s have continued to be implemented in manufacturing worldwide. The greatest application of industrial robots has been observed in three major industries: the automotive industry, the electrical and electronics industry, and the metal industry. The automotive industry was the first to adopt the most industrial robots extensively, and in recent years the electrical and electronics industry has followed. Together, these two sectors account for more than 60% of the total number of industrial robots deployed worldwide. Industrial robots have primarily been used to perform tasks that are physically demanding and hazardous to workers’ health, including welding operations, which are predominantly carried out in the automotive industry. To date, first-generation industrial robots have been the most widely implemented. These systems are typically enclosed by protective fences to ensure worker safety, occupy substantial floor space, and are relatively complex to reprogram. The development of advanced technologies — such as sensor systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, cloud computing, virtual and augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced safety systems — has significantly contributed to the evolution of robotic technology. The present study presents current trends in the implementation of industrial robots and examines their role in welding processes.

Evaluating the somatic cell count (SCC) at the level of the herd or individual cows allows for efficient monitoring of mammary gland health. By analysing SCC, it is possible to identify subclinical cases of mastitis that do not manifest through visible clinical signs on the udder or changes in milk. This study was conducted on a modern dairy farm of the Holstein-Friesian breed in the municipality of Čapljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The total number of cows included in the study during 2022 and 2023 ranged between 325 and 335. Milk samples were preserved with azidiol and transported to the laboratory. Milk quality was assessed by determining the SCC in milk using the Fluoro-opto-electronic method, and by analysing the fat, protein, and lactose contents. The devices used in the study were CombiFoss 6200 – MilkoScan FT and Fossomatic FC 6000. A strong positive correlation was found between SCC and milk proteins, but not with milk fat. A significant negative correlation was found between SCC and lactose. There was no significant difference in the number of somatic cells by year, although there was a significant difference by season within the studied years. Winter stands out as the season with the lowest SCC, followed by spring and summer, while autumn had the highest count. Autumn also showed the largest oscillations in SCC, while spring had the smallest. Somatic cell counts over 200,000/mL were recorded from July to December 2022 and from May to November 2023. Zoohygiene conditions and milking hygiene measures should be additionally adjusted in summer and autumn to maintain the desired standards achieved in winter and spring.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Southeast European country and a European Union (EU) candidate state, is characterized by complex social, political and economic structures that influence its development trajectory. As a post-transition economy, it faces persistent structural challenges, including low economic growth and institutional fragmentation. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has been an important factor in supporting development through long-term programs, yet recent changes in the status of its operations have raised questions about the sustainability of its interventions and future economic dynamics. This paper examines the spatial distribution of selected USAID-funded economic projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on diaspora investments, agriculture, tourism and energy policy. By analyzing program documentation and examining the spatial distribution of municipal-level participation, the study provides insights into the economic and geographic impact of USAID selected initiatives. The findings indicate an uneven territorial impact, with more frequent participation in municipalities with stronger institutional and economic capacity and more limited coverage in peripheral and structurally weaker areas. While the analyzed initiatives contributed to sectoral development and capacity-building, their uneven spatial concentration suggests potential territorial vulnerabilities over time. In this context, USAID’s engagement in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been economically, institutionally and geopolitically significant.

Prehabilitation can decrease postoperative complications and enhance recovery for people with gastrointestinal cancer. Preoperative screening may identify individuals at highest risk of poor postoperative outcomes, enabling targeted and tailored interventions. Despite this, optimal tools for screening patients before surgery remain unclear. This Delphi study sought to achieve international consensus on appropriate screening tools to identify patients at increased risk of postoperative complications before undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. A three-round iterative Delphi survey was distributed to a global multidisciplinary network of prehabilitation experts. Respondents were asked to rate screening tools, identified through a scoping review, on a 5-point Likert scale based on the appropriateness of their use for adult patients undergoing gastrointestinal cancer surgery. The screening tools were categorized as evaluating either physical, nutritional, or psychological domains. A consensus criterion was applied in the second and third rounds, which required ≥ 70% of respondents to rate a given tool as ≥ 4 for it to proceed to future rounds. Overall, 308 self-nominated prehabilitation experts rated the screening tools. Of 26 screening tools (including 9 physical, 7 nutritional, and 10 psychological), consensus was achieved for three physical, three nutritional, and four psychological tools. Based on Delphi consensus of global prehabilitation experts, 10 self-reported screening tools reached consensus. Given that tool selection was informed by Delphi consensus rather than empirical validation, prospective studies are necessary to assess whether these instruments accurately stratify surgical risk and identify candidates most likely to benefit from prehabilitation.