Razvoj interneta i informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija u suvremenome kontekstu trebao bi omogućiti mladim korisnicima učinkovito povezivanje te primanje informacija putem različitih kanala komunikacije radi kvalitetnije interakcije s budućim poslodavcima. Jedan od značajnijih kanala komunikacije za mlade u online prostoru zasigurno su društvene mreže putem kojih se mladi u isto vrijeme informiraju i komuniciraju. Društvene mreže posebno pridonose socijalizaciji i povezivanju korisnika u virtualne zajednice, pri čemu izmjenjuju iskustva i informacije koje mogu biti društveno korisne, pa tako i za pronalazak budućih poželjnih poslodavaca, što ujedno i potvrđuje istraživanje javnoga mnijenja iz 2022. godine o stavovima mladih i roditelja o zapošljavanju i zadržavanju u OS BiH, koji su za potrebe ovoga rada analizirani, s posebnim usredotočenjem na kanale informiranja. Kanali informiranja kojima mladi dolaze do (relevantnih) informacija veoma su bitna stavka u percepciji, identifikaciji i afirmacija vojnoga poziva radi dobivanja kvalitetnih lјudskih resursa. Pored uvjeta rada koje ispitanici navode kao ključne elemente za zapošljavanje u OS BiH, potrebno je i učinkovito unaprijediti medijsku promociju i percepciju OS BiH u javnosti, što se posebno ističe i navodi u nizu preporuka navedenih u zaključnome dijelu ovoga rada. Ključne riječi: odnosi s javnošću u OS BiH; društvene mreže; Connected – C-generacija; zapošljavanje mladih; vjerodostojnost informacija

Sažetak: U ovom radu autorice obrađuju dokazivanje kroz prizmu načela nesposrednosti kod izvođenja i ocjene dokazne snage dokaza pred drugostupanjskim sudom u zakonodavstvu Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine i Republike Hrvatske. Razmatraju se različite mogućnosti ocjene dokaza u sjednici vijeća i uz održavanje glavne rasprave pred drugostupanjskim sudom. Analiziraju se odluke drugostupanjskog suda o ocjeni dokaza u sjednici vijeća i na raspravi te predlažu određene zakonodavne izmjene. Ključne riječi: ocjena dokaza, načelo neposrednosti, odluke drugostupanjskog suda o ocjeni dokaza

Subjective Logic (SL) enriches probabilistic logic by incorporating uncertainty and subjective belief ownership, enabling the expression of uncertainty about subjective beliefs. Unlike traditional probabilistic logics, SL 1) accommodates situations where different agents express beliefs about the same proposition, integrating the subjective nature and ownership of beliefs; and 2) addresses existing limitations in Dempster-Shafer Theory of evidence (DST), particularly in modelling trust transitivity. In modern computer systems, trust assessment extends beyond direct relationships to complex networks, necessitating the consideration of referral and direct trust relationships. This paper introduces a novel trust discount operator for referral edges in complex networks, addressing challenges in discounting trust across two and multiple referral edges. Through our empirical analysis, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed operator and establish a relationship between path length and trustworthiness.

This paper addresses the concept of the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) problem, focusing on the replenishment policy and the vehicle routing problem (VRP) model. These components are integrated to tackle a three-echelon distribution issue comprising a single plant, multiple depots, and multiple retailers, with the primary objective of minimizing transportation and inventory costs within this complex distribution network. A three-phase methodology is proposed to optimize the entire supply chain, from the plant to the final retailer, and its performance is evaluated through computational experiments. This research is motivated by a real-life supply network, highlighting its practical relevance and applicability. To extend the capabilities of existing methods for solving the combined inventory and routing problem, an insertion heuristic is incorporated to enhance vehicle utilization, thereby reducing total costs. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved algorithm, indicating that it is sufficiently robust for practical application. Significant cost savings can be achieved with the proposed approach, making it a valuable contribution to the field of supply chain optimization.

Climate change is one of the greatest global concerns regarding livestock production. The indigenous Pramenka sheep is well known for its ability to survive in difficult environmental conditions, although there is insufficient scientific evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonal variations in some hematological and blood biochemical parameters in two strains of Pramenka sheep – Hercegovačka and Dubska, under natural thermal stress conditions. The calculated Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) data indicated mild to severe heat stress in the localities where the Hercegovačka Pramenka strain was being held, while cold stress was found in all the examined localities. Numerous statistically significant differences in hematological parameters were found between seasons, and within and between the two Pramenka strains. The Dubska strain exhibited significantly higher levels of red blood cells (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) compared to Hercegovačka, whereas the Hercegovačka strain displayed significantly higher white blood cells (WBC) and platelet (PLT) levels in comparison to Dubska. Similar patterns were noticed in the blood biochemical parameters - the Dubska strain had more seasonal variations compared to the Hercegovačka Pramenka. During the winter, the Hercegovačka strain demonstrated significantly higher levels of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea (UREA), and creatine kinase (CK) compared to Dubska. Conversely, during the summer, the Hercegovačka strain exhibited significantly higher globulin (GLO) levels, whereas the Dubska strain showed higher levels of ALB and chlorine (Cl). On the basis of our results, both Pramenka strains showed a high adaptive capacity to harsh environmental conditions, the Hercegovačka Pramenka being more adapted to heat stress, and Dubska to cold stress conditions.

Diaspora governance strategies are part of an increasingly vibrant academic and policy debate. International organisations play a significant role in promoting diaspora institutions, collaborating with home states, diaspora communities, and other stakeholders. In post‐conflict states, the involvement, and evolving roles of international organisations, among a variety of actors in diaspora institution building, is implicit but has been underresearched. This article analyses a diaspora mapping exercise led by the IOM to demonstrate how an institutional logics perspective can help to better understand how such processes unfold. Taking an organisational perspective, it sheds light on the interplay among international organisations, state agencies, local government, and individual actors in diaspora and development. By focusing on Bosnia and Herzegovina, the study offers insights into the challenges and opportunities in diaspora engagement in post‐conflict countries. It underscores the need for further research and the long‐term implications of international organisations' efforts in diaspora development programs and diaspora governance.

Psychological stress during pregnancy is known to have a range of long-lasting negative consequences on the development and health of offspring. Here, we tested whether a measure of prenatal early-life stress was associated with a biomarker of physiological development at birth, namely epigenetic gestational age, using foetal cord-blood DNA-methylation data. Longitudinal cohorts from the Netherlands (Generation R Study [Generation R], n = 1,396), the UK (British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 642), and Norway (Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study [MoBa], n1 = 1,212 and n2 = 678) provided data on prenatal maternal stress and genome-wide DNA methylation from cord blood and were meta-analysed (pooled n = 3,928). Measures of epigenetic age acceleration were calculated using three different gestational epigenetic clocks: “Bohlin”, “EPIC overlap” and “Knight”. Prenatal stress exposure, examined as an overall cumulative score, was not significantly associated with epigenetically-estimated gestational age acceleration or deceleration in any of the clocks, based on the results of the pooled meta-analysis or those of the individual cohorts. No significant associations were identified with specific domains of prenatal stress exposure, including negative life events, contextual (socio-economic) stressors, parental risks (e.g., maternal psychopathology) and interpersonal risks (e.g., family conflict). Further, no significant associations were identified when analyses were stratified by sex. Overall, we find little support that prenatal psychosocial stress is associated with variation in epigenetic age at birth within the general paediatric population.

We demonstrate for the first time that the nonlinear saturation of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) can be found directly using a variational principle based on Taylor relaxation, without needing to simulate the intermediate, resistivity-dependent dynamics. As in previous investigations of classical tearing mode saturation (Loizu et al. 2020; Loizu & Bonfiglio 2023), we make use of Stepped Pressure Equilibrium Code (SPEC) (Hudson et al. 2012), an equilibrium solver based on the variational principle of the Multi-Region relaxed MHD, featuring stepped pressure profiles and arbitrary magnetic topology. We work in slab geometry and employ a simple bootstrap current model Jbs = C ▽p to study the bootstrap-driven tearing modes, scanning over the asymptotic matching parameter △′ and bootstrap current strength. Saturated island widths produced by SPEC agree well with the predictions of an initial value resistive Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) code (Huang & Bhattacharjee 2016) while being orders of magnitude faster to calculate. Additionally, we observe good agreement with a simple analytical Modified Rutherford Equation, without requiring any fitting coefficients. The match is obtained for both linearly unstable classical tearing modes in the presence of bootstrap current, and neoclassical tearing modes, which are linearly stable but nonlinear-unstable due to the effects of the bootstrap current.

ABSTRACT The application of microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers has proven to be highly effective in genetically characterising the origins of various fruit species. Bosnia and Herzegovina boast abundant cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) germplasm within its natural habitats. This study focuses on three geographically distant regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina–Drvar, Mostar and Zenica–comprising a sample of 60 cornelian cherry genotypes. The genetic analysis of cornelian cherry utilised eight microsatellite primers to characterise the genetic makeup of the 60 genotypes. Notably, all observed loci in the three populations demonstrated 100% polymorphism. The total genetic differentiation is 0.042, which is also confirmed by the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), which indicates that 3% of the total genetic variation is between groups, 8% between individuals and 89% within individuals. The results of pairwise Fst analysis (pFst) indicate that the greatest differentiation is between the populations of Mostar and Zenica (0.037), between Drvar and Zenica (0.026) and between Drvar and Mostar (0.025). The results of the genetic distance according to Nei confirm these results. Also, the largest difference was observed between the populations of Mostar and Zenica (0.316), then between Drvar and Zenica (0.285), and the smallest between Drvar and Mostar (0.251). This research contributes valuable insights into the genetic diversity and characterisation of cornelian cherry populations in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Whether recreational or professional, sport is an integral part of human life, so its daily impact on society is undeniable. It is, therefore, important to recognise the role of moral values and ethics in sport, which can help to ensure fairness and preserve the integrity of professional sports. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of implementing these values in professional sport, as it is crucial to enable physical performance without compromising the very essence of sport. However, using prohibited substances and methods in professional sports today has become an increasingly worrying ethical issue, particularly in sports medicine. The primary aim of sports science, especially sports physiology, is to help athletes improve their performance and prevent and overcome injuries, while the primary goal of sports management and some athletes is often to win, which can lead to unethical means to achieve this goal. This behaviour raises many ethical doubts and highlights the need for a framework to address these contemporary challenges increasingly facing professional sport today. Bioethics can effectively address these challenges by examining medical and scientific advances’ ethical, social, moral, and legal implications. By considering the values, principles, and norms underlying medical and scientific practices, bioethics in the context of sport can provide guidance and recommendations for bioethical decision-making concerning (bio)ethical doubts or controversies that may arise, such as the use of performance-enhancing drugs, non-therapeutic use of gene therapy and ethical considerations related to using new technologies. This paper, therefore, aims to emphasise the importance of bioethics as a bridging science in sport in the context of the (bio)ethical challenges that increasingly characterise the professional practice of sport today.

This study examines the correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of symptoms and quality of life in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 125 participants were categorized based on their prostate symptoms (mild, moderate, and severe) and vitamin D levels (deficient, insufficient, and optimal). Among those with mild symptoms (n=60), 37.93% were vitamin D deficient, 44.11% had insufficient vitamin D, and 54.83% had optimal levels. For moderate symptoms (n=55), 44.82% were deficient, 47.05% had insufficient, and 41.93% had optimal vitamin D levels. In severe cases (n=10), 17.04% were deficient, 8.82% had insufficient, and 3.22% had optimal vitamin D levels. Overall, 23.02% of participants were deficient, 27.02% had insufficient, and 49.6% had optimal vitamin D levels. Quality of life assessments revealed that 56.8% of participants reported a good quality of life, with 46.66% of these being vitamin D deficient, 57.57% insufficient, and 61.29% optimal. An indifferent quality of life was noted by 29.6% of participants, with 28.57% deficient, 27.27% insufficient, and 29.03% optimal vitamin D levels. A very poor quality of life was reported by 13.6% of participants, with 21.42% deficient, 15.15% insufficient, and 9.67% optimal vitamin D levels. These results indicate a potential association between higher vitamin D levels and improved prostate symptoms and quality of life in BPH patients. Further research is needed to establish causality and underlying mechanisms.