This paper presents an end-to-end architecture for smart waste management, leveraging real-time data, IoT, AI, and machine learning to optimize operational efficiency and decision-making processes. The architecture is designed for both near real-time and batch data processing, ensuring continuous optimization and adaptation of waste collection routes and resource allocation. Machine learning models are employed to predict possible bad adverse scenarios and optimize operational plans. Additionally, business intelligence is utilized for data analysis and reporting, providing actionable insights based on real-time and historical data. The presented system is implemented on a scalable Kubernetes infrastructure, supporting the increasing data volumes and processing demands while maintaining system responsiveness and efficiency. This integrated approach demonstrates significant improvements in resource utilization, operational efficiency, and service delivery, highlighting the potential for smarter and more sustainable waste management practices. This research addresses the gap in combining IT architectures with AI models and IoT, paving the way for future advancements in smart waste management systems.

The aim of the research is to assess the microbiological correctness and quality of sheep's milk, which is primarily used as a raw material for the production of Travnik - Vlasic cheese, and originates from the Vlasic - Travnik area, with an emphasis on assessing its compliance with the requirements of the current legislation for raw milk. In general, Travnik - Vlasic cheese is produced, according to the original technology, from unpasteurized milk, and therefore the purity of the raw material is extremely important. The samples were collected during the first months of lactation, March and April 2023, from 8 primary producers from the Vlasic - Travnik area, and were analyzed for the total number of bacteria and all samples meet the criteria of the regulations.

Background and Objectives In patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), thalamic atrophy occurs during the disease course. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms leading to volume loss and of the relationship between microstructural thalamic pathology and disease progression. This cross-sectional and longitudinal study aimed to comprehensively characterize in vivo pathologic changes within thalamic microstructure in PwMS using advanced multiparametric quantitative MRI (qMRI). Methods Thalamic microstructural integrity was evaluated using quantitative T1, magnetization transfer saturation, multishell diffusion, and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in 183 PwMS and 105 healthy controls (HCs). The same qMRI protocol was available for 127 PwMS and 73 HCs after a 2-year follow-up period. Inclusion criteria for PwMS encompassed either an active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or inactive progressive MS (PMS) disease course. Thalamic alterations were compared between PwMS and HCs and among disease phenotypes. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between thalamic damage and clinical and conventional MRI measures of disease severity. Results Compared with HCs, PwMS exhibited substantial thalamic alterations, indicative of microstructural and macrostructural damage, demyelination, and disruption in iron homeostasis. These alterations extended beyond focal thalamic lesions, affecting normal-appearing thalamic tissue diffusely. Over the follow-up period, PwMS displayed an accelerated decrease in myelin volume fraction [mean difference in annualized percentage change (MD-ApC) = −1.50; p = 0.041] and increase in quantitative T1 (MD-ApC = 0.92; p < 0.0001) values, indicating heightened demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes. The observed differences between PwMS and HCs were substantially driven by the subgroup with PMS, wherein thalamic degeneration was significantly accelerated, even in comparison with patients with RRMS. Thalamic qMRI alterations showed extensive correlations with conventional MRI, clinical, and cognitive disease burden measures. Disability progression over follow-up was associated with accelerated thalamic degeneration, as reflected by enhanced diffusion (β = −0.067; p = 0.039) and QSM (β = −0.077; p = 0.027) changes. Thalamic qMRI metrics emerged as significant predictors of neurologic and cognitive disability even when accounting for other established markers including white matter lesion load and brain and thalamic atrophy. Discussion These findings offer deeper insights into thalamic pathology in PwMS, emphasizing the clinical relevance of thalamic damage and its link to disease progression. Advanced qMRI biomarkers show promising potential in guiding interventions aimed at mitigating thalamic neurodegenerative processes.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reporting quality of Scoping Reviews (ScRs) in endodontics according to the PRISMA Extension Checklist for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and to analyse their association with a range of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics. METHODS Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 31 January 2024 to identify scoping reviews in the field of endodontics. An additional search was performed in three leading endodontic journals. Study selection and appraising the quality of the studies was carried out independently by two reviewers. Each of the 20 PRISMA-ScR items were allocated a score of either 0, 0.5 or 1 to reflect the completeness of the reporting. An item-specific and overall percentage reporting quality score was calculated and reported through descriptive statistics across a range of publication, as well as methodological/reporting characteristics. A univariable and multivariable quantile regression was performed to identify the effect of publication and methodological/reporting characteristics (year of publication, journal, inclusion of an appropriate reporting guideline, and study registration) on the overall percentage reporting quality score. Association of reporting quality score with publication characteristics was then investigated. RESULTS A total of 40 ScRs were identified and included for appraisal. Most of the studies were published from 2021 onwards. The overall median reporting quality score was 86%. The most frequent items not included in the studies were: a priori protocol registration (22/40 compliant; 55%), and reporting of funding (16/40 compliant; 40%). Other key elements that were inadequately reported were the abstract (7/40 compliant; 18%), the rationale and justification of the ScR (21/40 compliant; 52%) and the objectives of the study (18/40 compliant; 45%). Studies that adhered to appropriate reporting guidelines were associated with greater reporting quality scores (β-coefficient: 10; 95%CI: 1.1, 18.9; p = .03). ScRs with protocols registered a priori had significantly greater reporting quality scores (β-coefficient: 12.5; 95%CI: 6.1, 18.9; p < .001), compared with non-registered reviews. CONCLUSIONS The reporting quality of the ScRs in endodontics varied and was greater when the ScR protocols were registered a priori and when the authors adhered to reporting guidelines.

CCl4 causes oxidative injury, fatty degeneration, fibrosis of the liver, renal failure, and even hepatocellular and renal carcinoma. Certain substances have the potential to neutralize the harmful effects of CCl4, so it will lead to numerous beneficial effects. Melatonin (MEL) is a powerful antioxidant that regulates circadian rhythm and has beneficial effects on organism; tryptophan (TRP) is its precursor necessary for the synthesis of MEL. The aim of the current study was to determine whether MEL and TRP, have protective effects during subchronic application of CCl4 to the liver and kidneys. Results suggest that CCl4 led to decrease of total proteins, albumins, globulins, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit; and increase of creatinine, AST, ALT values, and leukocytes. MEL and TRP both showing protective effects on regulation of serum proteins, albumins, globulins, A/G, AST, ALT, and creatinine levels. TRP had been shown to have potential in regulation of disbalanced hematological parameters caused by CCl4. TRP had beneficial effects on hepatocyte morphology in term of beaded chromatin and preserved cell morphology. Overall, oral supplementation of TRP had better protective effects on liver/kidneys compared to MEL.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex comprises 20 species, from which B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, and B. spielmanii are directly associated with Lyme borreliosis, while B. bissettiae, B. lusitaniae, and B. valaisiana were detected in individual cases. Their main vector in Europe is the hard tick species Ixodes ricinus. To date, two species, B. spielmanii and B. lusitaniae, have been molecularly detected in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To test for the presence of other Borrelia species, we performed nested PCR targeting intergenic region rrf (5S) - rrl (23S) on DNA isolates from 49 ticks collected from vegetation by flagging method and 43 removed from humans in The Center for Emergency Medical Assistance of the Sarajevo Canton and The Healthcare Centers of the Sarajevo Canton. Borrelia species were detected by one-directional Sanger sequencing of the amplified region using the same forward primer as in PCR. Out of six Borrelia species detected in the present study, this is the first record of B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi s.s. B. bavariensis, and B. valaisiana in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The design process for manufacturing systems involves different architectural design decisions (ADDs), including deploying software to hardware components, determining shop-floor topology, and planning production tasks for stations. These ADDs exhibit complex interactions, where the synthesis of one ADD impacts other ADDs, highlighting the need to investigate their dynamic interplay. However, current research prioritizes individual ADDs over exploring multiple ADDs together. This work investigates a multi-dimensional design space exploration (DSE) of deployment, shop-floor topology, and production planning ADDs. We introduce mitigation constraints to ensure the compatibility among these ADDs. To evaluate our approach, we apply it to a flexible manufacturing line demonstrator. Furthermore, we assess and compare various DSE workflows, providing preliminary guidance to software architects on mitigatlng conflicts and enhancing the quality of ADDs.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is found in southeast Europe and Anatolia. Its primary traditional medicinal use includes the treatment of various conditions of the upper respiratory tract. In recent years, its isoflavones have become the focus of research aimed at developing treatments to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Reduced levels of circulating estrogen due to reduced ovarian function can cause short-term symptoms such as hot flashes, palpitations, difficulty sleeping, headaches, fatigue, mood disorders and reduced concentration but also long-term chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, accelerated weight and bone mass loss, atrophic vaginitis, osteoporosis, and cognitive impairment. The aim of this narrative review was to analyze the effects of commercially available and standardized red clover extracts on menopausal women. Eight randomized controlled trials on a total of 8769 menopausal women (aged 40 to 65 years) evaluated the effect of red clover isoflavone extract on menopausal symptoms. In all studies, isoflavone extract treatment showed improvement in all menopausal symptoms, including some common comorbidities, namely, hot flashes (1487 women, 25%), blood lipids (1155 women, 19%), atherosclerosis (6938 women, 79%), risk of breast cancer and endometrial cancer (428 women, 5%), osteoporosis and osteopenia (555 women, 6%), and menopause-related cognitive impairment (3530 women, 40%).

BACKGROUND Both phases of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) are associated with worse prognosis in septic shock patients. Although there are still no indications for supplementation therapy, there is no evidence that both phases (initial and prolonged) are adaptive or that only prolonged is maladaptive and requires supplementation. AIM To analyze clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory differences in two groups of septic shock patients with ESS. METHODS A total of 47 septic shock patients with ESS were divided according to values of their thyroid hormones into low T3 and low T3T4 groups. The analysis included demographic data, mortality scores, intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation length and 28-day survival and laboratory with hemodynamics. RESULTS The Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score (P = 0.029), dobutamine (P = 0.003) and epinephrine requirement (P = 0.000) and the incidence of renal failure and multiple organ failure (MOF) (P = 0.000) were significantly higher for the low T3T4. Hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.047), neutrophilia (P = 0.038), lymphopenia (P = 0.013) and lactatemia (P = 0.013) were more pronounced on T2 for the low T3T4 group compared to the low T3 group. Diastolic blood pressure at T0 (P = 0.017) and T1 (P = 0.007), as well as mean arterial pressure at T0 (P = 0.037) and T2 (P = 0.033) was higher for the low T3 group. CONCLUSION The low T3T4 population is associated with higher frequency of renal insufficiency and MOF, with worse laboratory and hemodynamic parameters. These findings suggest potentially maladaptive changes in the chronic phase of septic shock.

Bentonite clay is a valuable material in various process industries, thanks to its specific properties. Easy availability, low cost and their effectiveness are the main factors that have made bentonite adsorbent in the edible oil industry. The textural characteristics of bentonite clay play an important role in its performance. In its natural form, as an aluminosilicate material, bentonite does not show satisfactory sorption and catalytic properties, and it needs to be activated. The main goal of this research is to increase the adsorption capacity of bentonite clay by modifying its properties by treatment with organic acid. Activation of bentonite clay in the experimental part was performed with different concentrations of sulfuric acid. The chemical composition of the natural bentonite sample was determined using XRF alongside the influence of acid activation of bentonite with H2SO4 on the surface characteristics (such as specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter, adsorption capacity and isotherm type) of bentonite clay. The XRF analysis of the natural bentonite, which contains 56.35% SiO2 and 19.82% Al2O3 as its primary components, confirms that it is an aluminosilicate material. Except for SiO2, which recorded a consistent increase in quantity from 56.35% to 74.15% with increasing acid concentration, the composition of other components, after activation slightly decreased or remained the same. The acid concentration that yielded the highest increase in specific surface area, as measured by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, was selected as the optimal concentration for activating bentonite. The specific surface area almost tripled (from 95.519 m2/g to 346.467 m2/g)) by activation with 15% sulfuric acid, with an activation time of 3 hours and a bentonite: acid ratio of 1:5. The research results show the effectiveness of acid modification in terms of improving the characteristics of the porous structure of bentonite samples.