Introduction People with intellectual disability experience inequalities across the cancer care continuum, including lower screening participation, later-stage diagnosis, and higher cancer related mortality. Whether European cancer prevention and screening policies explicitly address this population has not been systematically mapped. Methods This review aimed to identify and synthesise European national and international policy frameworks, guidelines, and recommendations for cancer prevention and screening that address this population. A systematic search of policy, recommendation and guideline documents across academic databases, grey literature portals, and organisational sources, to August 2025 was under taken. The Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework guided eligibility. Two reviewers per country screened, extracted, and appraised documents indepen dently using the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance (AACODS) checklist. Synthesis was narrative, stratified by cancer site and cancer control focus. Results Sixteen documents met the inclusion criteria, originating from five jurisdictions: the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and the European Union more broadly. Fifteen of the sixteen addressed cancer screen ing, one also addressed prevention, and two addressed clinical monitoring. Adjustments for people with intellectual disability were concentrated on breast, cervical, and bowel screening and grouped into accessible information, appoint ment adaptations, carer involvement, consent and capacity support, and work force training. Most documents originated from higher expenditure healthcare systems, and no eligible documents were retrieved from the majority of European Union member states. Discussion Policy guidance for cancer prevention and screening for people with intellectual disability is unevenly distributed across Europe and con centrated in a small group of countries. Existing guidance should be extended beyond screening to encompass prevention, treatment, and survivorship, and EU coordination may help address this gap.

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite significant advances in diagnostics and pharmacotherapy. This persistent burden has shifted attention toward adjunct therapeutic strategies targeting key mechanisms of myocardial and vascular injury, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic dysregulation. A particular interest of contemporary research is focused on bile acid (BA) signaling through nuclear and membrane receptors, primarily the Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), as central regulators of metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular responses. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic BA widely used to treat hepatobiliary disorders, has emerged as a potential modulator of cardiometabolic processes. UDCA exerts direct effects through low-affinity but functionally relevant activation of the TGR5 receptor, as well as indirect effects through alterations in BA pool composition, thereby influencing FXR/TGR5 signaling pathways. Experimental studies suggest that UDCA reduces oxidative stress, stabilizes mitochondrial function, alleviates ER stress, suppresses apoptosis and inflammation, and improves endothelial function and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Despite promising mechanistic evidence, currently available clinical data remain limited and are largely based on small studies and surrogate biomarkers, without confirmation of benefits in terms of major cardiovascular outcomes. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of UDCA in the modulation of BA receptor signaling and its potential relevance for cardiovascular protection.

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of telemetry-guided optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and continuous arrhythmic surveillance in ambulatory patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS TELEMETRIC-HF was a single-center, randomized, open-label pilot study including 30 patients with HFrEF assigned to telemetry-guided management (n=15) or standard outpatient care (n=15). Patients in the telemetry group underwent 8 weeks of continuous ambulatory monitoring using the CPC12 CE MDR Class IIb wearable system, providing continuous electrocardiographic and physiological monitoring with clinician oversight. The primary endpoint was the between-group difference in beta-blocker (BB) target-dose achievement at 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints included optimization of other GDMT classes, ventricular arrhythmia detection, clinical status, quality of life, safety, and healthcare utilization. RESULTS Telemetry-guided management was associated with significantly greater BB target-dose achievement at 8 weeks than standard care (60.0% vs. 39.2% of the guideline-recommended target dose; absolute difference 20.8 percentage points, 95% CI 2.7-39.2; p=0.028). Target-dose achievement for angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors did not differ significantly between groups. Recurrent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia was detected only in the telemetry group, prompting additional clinical evaluation, antiarrhythmic therapy, and primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in one patient. Hemodynamic, laboratory, and echocardiographic parameters remained stable throughout follow-up, and telemetry was well tolerated. No heart failure hospitalizations or deaths occurred during the 8-week study period. CONCLUSION In this pilot randomized study, telemetry-guided remote monitoring was feasible and was associated with earlier BB optimization and improved detection of clinically relevant ventricular arrhythmias without compromising safety. These exploratory findings support further evaluation of telemetry-guided outpatient heart failure management in larger, adequately powered multicenter randomized trials.

Background and purpose Anthropometric characteristics such as body height, limb length, and segmental proportions influence sprint performance by affecting stride length, stride frequency, and mechanical efficiency. However, sprint training is often organized according to unified models with limited individualization based on morphology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of anthropometry-specific (differentiated) training programs for sprinters relative to a unified training model of comparable volume and intensity. Material and methods Forty-eight male competitive sprinters (18–25 years, 100–200 m, 4–8 years experience) were assigned to three anthropometric types based on height and leg length index: Type A (tall, long-legged), Type B (medium, balanced), Type C (short, compact). Within each type, athletes were randomized into an experimental subgroup (anthropometry-specific program, EXP) and a control subgroup (unified program, CON) (n=8 per subgroup). All groups trained for 10 weeks (5 sessions/week) with matched volume and intensity. Sprint performance (60 m, 30 m flying, 150 m) and kinematic variables on the 30–50 m segment (stride length, stride frequency, ground contact time) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results Baseline sprint performance did not differ significantly between EXP and CON within each type (p>0.5). All groups improved over 10 weeks (p<0.01), but EXP subgroups of Types A and C showed greater gains than their respective CON subgroups. Tall sprinters in A-EXP improved more than A-CON in 60 m, 30 m flying, and 150 m times, while compact sprinters in C-EXP improved more in 60 m time than C-CON. Kinematically, A-EXP showed larger increases in stride length and greater reductions in ground contact time than A-CON, whereas C-EXP showed greater increases in stride frequency and greater reductions in ground contact time than C-CON. For Type B, no significant EXP–CON differences were observed. Conclusions Under matched training volume and intensity, anthropometry-specific programs were more effective than a unified program for tall, long-legged and short, compact sprinters, particularly for maximal speed, speed endurance, and acceleration. For medium-height sprinters, the unified program was not clearly inferior. These findings support the practical value of incorporating anthropometric criteria as one dimension of individualized sprint training design.

The aim of this study was to analyse technical and tactical performance indicators in the Croatian First Football League (SuperSport HNL) during the 2025/2026 competitive season. Match analysis has become an essential tool in modern football, allowing coaches, analysts, and researchers to identify performance patterns associated with successful outcomes. This study evaluated offensive and defensive parameters, possession-based indicators, passing efficiency, shots on target, expected goals (xG), pressing intensity, and situational variables related to match outcome. Data were collected from official league statistics and video analysis platforms across all league matches during the observed season. Variables included total passes, successful passes, possession percentage, shots, shots on target, expected goals, duels won, high-intensity pressing actions, recoveries in the final third, and set-piece efficiency. Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were applied to determine differences between winning, drawing, and losing teams. The results demonstrated that winning teams achieved significantly greater passing accuracy, higher xG values, more successful high pressing sequences, and increased efficiency in transition phases. Teams positioned in the upper part of the league table also showed greater tactical compactness and offensive organization compared to lower-ranked teams. Furthermore, home teams demonstrated statistically significant advantages in ball possession and attacking efficiency. The findings contribute to the growing body of literature regarding notational analysis in elite football and provide practical implications for coaches, analysts, and performance specialists working within Croatian and European football environments.

This study aims to develop a novel Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodological model for use as a decision support tool in industrial machine selection problems. To this end, a new integrated MCDM model consisting of Logarithmic normalization and Standard Deviation (LOGSTA), Logarithmic Percentage Change-driven Objective Weighting (LOPCOW), Logarithmic Decomposition of Criteria Importance (LODECI), and Evaluation by Distance from Ideal Solution of Alternatives (EDISA) methods has been designed for a real-world lathe selection problem faced by a manufacturing company in Turkiye. The criterion weights obtained according to the three methods (LOGSTA, LOPCOW, and LODECI) were combined, and the combined criterion weights were transferred to the EDISA method to create an alternative lathe ranking. According to the combined criterion weights, the criterion with the highest importance level was failure frequency (C1), while the criterion with the lowest importance level was active working time (C5). According to the ranking obtained as a result of transferring the combined criterion weights to the EDISA method, the lathe with the highest performance was determined to be Doosan PUMA VT 900 (A2), while the lathe with the lowest performance was determined to be Doosan Puma 300 LM (A1). The comparison analysis shows that the EDISA method produces the same rankings as the ARAS, COPRAS, and RAWEC methods. It is believed that this framework enables manufacturing managers to compare acquisition cost, reliability, operating characteristics, and resale value within a transparent decision process.

Strengthening the connection between physical climate science and adaptation communities is essential for producing actionable, integrated risk information. Here we present a climate impact taxonomy linking 35 climatic impact-drivers to 8 representative key risks, with metadata on climate impact characteristics, relevant subsystems and adaptation–mitigation linkages. This prototype taxonomy enables researchers, practitioners and policymakers to develop adaptation strategies and direct support towards the most urgent, evidence-based priorities across IPCC-aligned dimensions. Adaptation to climate risks requires integrating knowledge across IPCC working groups. This study presents a climate impact taxonomy that connects climatic impact-drivers from Working Group I to representative key risks from Working Group II and provides more direct guidance for risk assessment and adaptation strategies.

The aim of this study was to analyse physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Croatian national football team players, with particular focus on blood lactate concentration, relative oxygen consumption, body height, body mass, body fat percentage, and playing position. The sample consisted of 17 elite football players. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for all analysed variables. The average blood lactate concentration was 10.46 ± 1.12 mmol/L, while the average relative oxygen consumption was 60.91 ± 3.15 mL/kg/min. The players demonstrated highly developed aerobic and anaerobic capacities characteristic of elite football populations. Anthropometric and physiological profiles differed according to playing position, reflecting specific tactical and physical demands in modern football.

Digital technologies have altered the material conditions of mathematics teaching, but the extent to which they have transformed pedagogy is more contested than the spread of devices and platforms implies. This critical narrative review examines the methodological transition from board-centred exposition to dynamic, interactive, blended, adaptive and artificial-intelligence-supported mathematics teaching. The review integrates evidence from mathematics education, educational technology and teacher-learning research, with particular attention to what changes in mathematical activity, classroom interaction, feedback, assessment, learning space and teacher decision-making when digital resources are introduced. Evidence was selected through structured searches of accessible scholarly sources, citation chaining and verification of bibliographic metadata and Digital Object Identifiers, with the main search period extending from 2000 to 14 June 2026 and earlier work retained when conceptually necessary. Across meta-analyses and classroom studies, digital technology is associated with generally positive but heterogeneous effects on achievement. Benefits are strongest when technology performs a clear didactical function, such as supporting multiple representations, conjecture testing, problem solving, communication, adaptive feedback or deliberate redistribution of class time. By contrast, hardware or software adoption can leave instructional methodology largely unchanged, as illustrated by interactive whiteboards used primarily as enlarged presentation surfaces. Teacher knowledge, task design, orchestration, professional learning and alignment between technology and mathematical goals repeatedly moderate outcomes. Blended and flipped designs can increase active class time, yet evidence on durability and transfer remains limited. Intelligent tutoring systems and learning analytics extend adaptive and diagnostic possibilities, while generative artificial intelligence adds flexible explanation and content generation alongside material risks of mathematical error, overreliance and assessment ambiguity. The review concludes that the digital transformation of mathematics teaching is best understood as conditional pedagogical reconfiguration rather than technological substitution. Research now needs longer-term, mechanism-focused and equity-sensitive designs that distinguish the contribution of tools from the contribution of the teaching practices built around them.

This exploratory cross-sectional study examined physical activity patterns, menstrual characteristics, and menstrual pain intensity in 53 young women (mean age 19.98 ± 0.72 years). Physical activity during the previous seven days was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire framework and expressed as MET-min/week, while menstrual pain during the most recent cycle was assessed on a 0–10 numerical rating scale. Severe pain was reported by 19 participants (35.8%), and 39 participants (73.6%) were classified in the high physical activity category. Total physical activity was not significantly associated with pain intensity (Spearman’s rho = .225, p = .105). Moderate physical activity showed a positive association with pain intensity (Spearman’s rho = .428, p = .002), but the cross-sectional design does not permit causal interpretation. Rather than supporting a simple protective effect of greater activity volume, the findings suggest that the relationship between physical activity and menstrual pain may depend on individual symptoms, behavioural responses, measurement context, and unmeasured psychological or clinical factors. Because the sample was small, narrowly distributed by age, and dominated by highly active participants, the results should be interpreted as preliminary. Future studies should use larger and more heterogeneous samples, objective activity monitoring, validated multidimensional dysmenorrhea instruments, and repeated assessments across several menstrual cycles.

Background Holt–Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare autosomal-dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene. It is characterized by skeletal abnormalities of the upper limbs and congenital heart defects, most frequently atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect. Middle-aged individuals often develop conduction disorders and atrial arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, while focal atrial tachycardia (AT) remains relatively rare. We present the successful catheter ablation of a right anteroseptal focal AT in a patient with HOS and a history of surgical ASD closure. Case report A 22-year-old man was admitted due to recurrent episodes of supraventricular tachycardia, refractory to drug therapy. He has a history of HOS, patch closure of ASD at age three, and three hand surgeries. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed narrow QRS complex tachycardia at 171 beats/min, regular RR intervals, and RP < PR interval. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed mostly normal findings, with mildly reduced left ventricle function and intact ASD patch with no residual shunt. Electrophysiology study showed no retrograde conduction over an accessory pathway. Programmed stimulation from the left atrium induced tachycardia with cycle length 280 ms, narrow QRS complexes, regular RR intervals, initial 1:1 AV (atrio-ventricular) ratio, and short VA interval (34 ms). Using the Carto 3 3D mapping system, activation mapping of the right atrium identified the earliest atrial activation near the His-Bundle area (5.9 mm distance from His bundle cloud). Radiofrequency ablation terminated AT within 2.5 s of the first application. Postablation tachycardia was not-inducible at baseline and under Isoproterenol. The patient was discharged from the hospital 1 day after ablation without antiarrhythmic therapy. After 21 months of follow-up, there were no recurrences of AT. Conclusion This case demonstrates that catheter ablation is a feasible, safe, and effective treatment option for focal AT patients with HOS and surgical ASD closure.

Automated license plate readers (ALPRs) are often evaluated as discrete police tools, although their public power arises from cross-vendor socio-technical infrastructure. This article examines roadside and mobile sensors, vehicle-attribute classification, cloud archives, commercial databases, real-time crime center integration, interagency access, automated alerts, and police action. Flock Safety supplies the principal documentary case because unusually extensive public records permit system-level tracing; Axon/Fusus, Motorola Vigilant/VehicleManager, and federal access to commercial ALPR data establish the wider vendor-independent boundary. A structured documentary analysis of 59 sources triangulates official records, peer-reviewed research, vendor materials used only for stated functions, and record-based investigations. It integrates boundary critique, control-structure mapping, feedback analysis, constitutional doctrine, a STRIDE-informed threat model, and empirical research on policing effectiveness and surveillance effects through 3 August 2026. The analysis identifies four conditional mechanisms: infrastructure aggregation, authority diffusion, asymmetric feedback, and rights invisibility. The article reformulates the Rights Control Deficit (RCD) as a non-arithmetic profile relation between operational demands and effective governance capacity and applies it to three documented configurations and a clearly labeled normative benchmark. Seven falsifiable propositions specify variables, indicators, suitable methods, and disconfirming conditions for later empirical study. A rights-preserving hybrid-intelligence architecture combines bounded automation with judicial authorization, short retention, sensitive-location protections, immutable audit, availability safeguards, independent review, contestability, sanctions, and credible termination authority. The evidence identifies capabilities, activated pathways, and conditional risks; it does not estimate population prevalence or a universal ALPR-specific causal effect. Meaningful human oversight is an institutional control property, not merely an officer’s presence at an interface.

BACKGROUND In the C-MIC II trial, C-MIC therapy improved outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We evaluated whether differences in background HF medication adjustments influenced the observed benefits. METHODS Ambulatory patients with chronic non-ischemic HFrEF receiving guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) were enrolled. The primary outcome was change in GDMT and diuretic intensity over 6 months. Treatment effects on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score (KCCQ-OSS), and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) were assessed by baseline sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) use for consistency. RESULTS Among 65 patients, 25 (39%) had GDMT adjustments (C-MIC device: 44%; control 33%; p= 0.390). GDMT intensity increased in controls (Δ +0.36) but decreased (Δ -0.16; p= 0.100) in C-MIC group. Diuretic intensity decreased in C-MIC group (Δ -0.10) but increased in controls (Δ +0.12; p= 0.200). When stratified by baseline SGLT2i use, C-MIC therapy induced consistent improvements in LVEF (SGLT2i: +6% [95% CI 3-9; p<0.001] vs. without SGLT2i: +4% [95% CI 2-7; p=0.003]), KCCQ-OSS (SGLT2i: +42 points [95% CI 26-58; p<0.001] vs. without SGLT2i: +40 [95% CI 28-51; p<0.001]) and 6MWD (SGLT2i: +150 meters [95% CI 88-212; p<0.001] vs. without SGLT2i: +141 meters (95% CI 63-219; p<0.001]). CONCLUSION Medication intensity decreased in C-MIC-treated patients but increased in controls, driven primarily by escalation of diuretics, likely reflecting worsening HF. Consistent improvements in LVEF, 6MWD and KCCQ-OSS across SGLT2i subgroups suggest that the observed benefits are independent of background pharmacologic intensification.

Pityogenes chalcographus was monitored using pheromone traps installed in different forest types across Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study was conducted within protected areas of Sarajevo Canton, including the Protected Landscapes of Bijambare and Trebević and the Skakavac Natural Monument. The investigated forest types comprised secondary fir–spruce stands and mixed beech–fir forests with spruce admixture. Data were collected between 2018 and 2021 to assess the effects of forest type and climatic factors on pheromone-trap catches of P. chalcographus. Mean trap catches in secondary fir–spruce forests ranged from 2317.6 to 6317.0 individuals per trap, whereas catches in mixed beech–fir forests with spruce ranged from 150.0 to 6840.0 individuals per trap. The highest mean catches were recorded in the Trebević Protected Landscape and the Skakavac Natural Monument. Overall, trap catches tended to be higher in secondary fir–spruce forests than in mixed beech–fir forests with spruce. Statistically significant differences in mean catches between forest types were detected only in 2021, while no significant differences were observed during 2018–2020. No statistically significant relationships were found between climatic variables and P. chalcographus trap catches during the study period.