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Maida Šahinović

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Aim To determine the value of angles between the left coronary artery main trunk (LMT) and its branches, the anterior interventricular branch (LAD) and the circumflex branch (CX), and their possible relationship with the LMT length. Methods A total of 29 cadaveric hearts were used. The left coronary artery and its branches were dissected. The hearts were then classified according to the number of branches. The LMT length was measured with a digital gauge, and the LAD-CX angle, LMTLAD angle and LMT-CX angle with a manual goniometer. Results The average value of the LMT length was 9.0 mm (6.0-13.5). In 20 (68.97%) samples, the LMT was divided into two terminal branches. There was no statistically significant difference (p=0.321) in LMT length between the hearts with a bifurcation and without it. The average value of the LAD-CX angle was 89.0⁰ (74.5-93.0), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.020) comparing to hearts with trifurcation. The mean value of the LMT-LAD angle was 30.83±9.23⁰ and it was significantly lower (p=0.006) in the group of hearts with bifurcation compared to the group with trifurcation of the main trunk. Conclusion The LMT length shows great variability and is not related to the LAD-CX, LMT-LAD or the LMT-CX angle. Knowledge of the left coronary variation is essential in order to avoid misinterpretation of arteriogram.

Background: Zearalenone is a widely spread mycotoxin, contaminant of most cereal grains. It has uterotropic, estrogenic and anabolic activity in farm animals. The results are hormonal disbalances as hyperestrogenism, Zearalenone inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone production, thus supressing ovarian follicle development and ovulation. Also, it induces oxidative stress. Melatonin acts as a potent natural antioxidant and regulates the reproductive function by modification of steroidogenesis. Objective: The present study was conducted to provide detailed qualitative histological analysis of uterus of female rats treated with zearalenone and melatonin and contribute to better understanding of the topic. Methods: Forty adult, female Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups: Z group – zearalenone, 0,3 mg/kg, i.g.; M group – melatonin, 10 mg/kg, i.p.; ZM group –concomitant application of zearalenone and melatonin in the same dosing regimen, VZ group–zearalenone vehiculum/sunflower oil, i.g. and MZ group–melatonin vehiculum/5% ethanol in Ringer, i.p. Animals were treated daily for 28 consecutive days. After that period, all animals were sacrificed to obtain samples for qualitative histological analysis using the light microscope. Results: Zearalenone led to the alterations of the uterine structures, predominantly in the endometrium that were characterized by metaplasia and hypertrophy of the epithelial cells and hypercellularity of the stroma. In the myometrium, zearalenone induced hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the myocytes. Conclusion: Melatonin, when applied together with zearalenone, blocked the adverse effects of the zearalenone.

Objective. The aim of this study was to learn about the morphological characteristics of the supraorbital foramen and to determine its precise position in relation to the surrounding anatomical landmarks in the adult population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Material and Methods. For this purpose, 60 skulls from the Bosnia and Herzegovina population of known sex (32 males and 28 females), taken from the osteological collection of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo, were subjected to morphological and morphometric analysis. Morphometric measurements were performed using a digital vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Corporation, Japan). Results. The study showed that most supraorbital nerves exit the orbit through the supraorbital notch (73.8%) and the rest through the foramen (26.2%). Of this number, bilateral supraorbital notches were recorded in 58.33% of cases, a bilateral supraorbital foramen in 18.34% of cases, while in 23.33% of cases a notch was recorded on one side and a foramen on the contralateral side. Morphometric measurements performed to determine the exact position of the supraorbital foramen relative to the surrounding landmarks showed different values in males and females. An accessory foramen was also observed on the examined skulls in 16.67% of cases. Conclusion. Detailed knowledge of anatomical variations of the supraorbital foramen is required for safe and successful administration of regional anesthesia, in order to avoid iatrogenic nerve injuries during orbitofacial region surgery.

Eldan Kapur, Alma Voljevica, Maida Šahinović, Adis Šahinović, Armin Arapović

Objective. The objective of this study was to study the morphometry of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the prevalence of an elongated styloid process in relation to side and gender. Material and Method. The present study included 200 human skulls which were procured from the rich osteological collections of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo. The styloid process was observed macroscopically on both sides of all the skulls and elongations, if any, were noted. The lengths of the styloid processes were measured using digital vernier calipers. The measurements were taken from the point of emergence of the process (base) up to the tip. Results. Out of 200 specimens, only 14 cases (7%) exhibited an elongated styloid process. The mean length of the styloid process was 25.8±4.68 mm and 24.2±4.54 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. The size of the styloid process did not different significantly between the two sides (P=0.724). The mean length of the styloid process was 24.05±3.54 mm in females and 25.95±5.68 mm in males, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.023). Conclusion. The study and knowledge of the anatomical variations of the styloid process in the Bosnian population may help clinicians to diagnose Eagle’s syndrome. Knowledge of this disorder can prevent the worsening of the painful symptoms related to an elongated styloid process.

The mycotoxin zearalenone is often found in cereals and animal feeds. The intake of zearalenone through food can result in the hyperestrogenic syndrome, and is related to ovarian structural and functional alterations in mammals. It competitively binds to estrogen receptors and generates oxidative stress. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland with a strong effect on reproduction as it inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It has also direct and indirect antioxidative effects in the ovarian tissues. Our aim was to explore the effect of melatonin on the histological changes of the ovary induced by zearalenone. Forty female Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups and treated for 28 days according to the following scheme: 1. Zearalenone vehiculum (sunflower oil)- treated group, 2. Melatonin vehiculum- (5% ethanol in Ringer) treated control group, 3. group treated with zearalenone (0.3 mg/kg b.w), 4. group treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w) and 5. group of rats treated with zearalenone (0.3 mg/kg b.w) and melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w). Zearalenone induced degenerative changes in all developmental forms of ovarian follicles, hypertrophy of stroma with blood vessel dilatation and hyperemia. The concomitant application of melatonin and zearalenone resulted in milder morphological changes of the ovary, especially of preovulative follicles. Melatonin administration prevents the zaeralenone-induced structural alterations on an ovary. Keywords: zearalenone, melatonin, rat, ovary, histology

Eldan Kapur, A. Dracic, Edinela Gračić, Maida Šahinović, Alma Voljevica

Abstract We measured 11 linear morphometric parameters of 100 human femurs of which 52 were male and 48 female, to ascertain the difference between male and female femora. The epicondylar width (EBW) mean was 82.65±3.96 mm in male and 72.47±3.49 mm in female samples (p<0.001). Intercondylar notch width (ICW) mean in males was 19.32±4.10 mm, in the females 18.04±3.40 mm (p<0.01). Intercondylar notch height (ICH) mean in males was 29.05±4.57 mm and in the females 26.85±4.10 mm (p<0.5). Maximal Medial Condylar Width (MCWmax) was 35.86±2.89 mm in males and 31.50±2.86 mm in females (p<0.001). Medial condylar width (MCW) was 26.73±2.77 mm in males and 23.81±3.01 mm in females (p<0.001). Maximal Lateral Condylar (LCWmax) width was 36, 05±2.68 mm in males and 31.70±2.03 mm in females (p<0.001). Lateral Condylar Width (LCW) was 28.11±2.71mm in males and 24.45±2.61 mm in females (p<0.001). Medial Condylar Height (MCH) in males was 38.40±3.91 mm and in females 33.02±4.01 mm (p<0.001). Lateral Condylar Height (LCH) was 39.25±3.54 mm in males and 32.83±3.54 mm in females (p<0.001). Medial Condylar Depth (MCD) was 61.88±4.04 mm in males and 54.45±3.59 mm in females (p<0.001). Lateral Condylar Depth (LCD) was 64.67±4.48 mm in males and 56.68±3.62 mm in females (p<0.001). The obtained information can be used for gender specific total knee protheses, understanding ACL rupture epidemiology and identifying the gender of skeletal remains. Keywords: Femur, Condyles, Arthroplasty, Endoprothetics, Anterior Cruciate Ligament

L. Almira, Ćosović Esad, K. Eldan, Maida Šahinović, K. Amela, Ajanović Zurifa

Introduction: Myocardial bridges represent an anomaly of the coronary arteries’ flow, which can be asymptomatic, or can lead to the coronary insufficiency and its clinical consequences. The aim of this research was to derermine whether there is a correlation between the type of arterial vascularization and presence and localization of the myocardial bridges. Material and Methods: As a material for this work, we used 45 human heart specimens from the Institute of Anatomy of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo. At each heart, the type of arterial vascularization was determined, and in those specimens with myocardial bridges, the branch on which they were localized was recorded. Results: Out of total 45 human hearts, myocardial bridges were present at 24 (53.3%). One myocardial bridge was present in 16 hearts, two in 7 hearts and three in one heart. In the heart group with myocardial bridges, the incidence of right type of vascularization was 79.2%, and in the group without myocardial bridges 76.2%. The left type of vascularisation was least represented in both groups, with 9.5% in the heart group without bridges and 8.3% in the group with myocardial bridges present. Out of 33 detected myocardial bridges, 25 of them were on the left and 8 on the right coronary artery, so myocardial bridges are much more often localized on the branches of the left than the right coronary arteries, regardless of the type of arterial vascularization. Conclusion: There is no correlation of the type of arterial vascularization of the human hearts with the presence and localization of myocardial bridges.

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