This paper discusses the design and analysis of a modified test bench for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) circuit breakers which consists of a power converter based on multiple cascaded H-bridge cells, a small-sized inductor, and an auxiliary capacitor bank. It is capable of producing output voltages up to several hundred kilovolts depending on the auxiliary capacitor bank while allowing for high current controllability via the power converter which is driven by phase-shifted pulse-width-modulated (PSPWM) signals. Consequently, the test bench can generate a wide range of controllable current waveforms and high current gradients, within hardware limitations, to simulate a wide range of fault conditions. The flexibility of the proposed design is complemented by higher reliability and longer lifetime. The concept of the test bench was verified by experiments using a down-scaled model based on nine cascaded H-bridge cells with an equivalent switching frequency of 92.5 kHz.

The paper presents results of detailed geological research of quartzite in the wider area of Smrčevice, southeastern of Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje. Based on the defined boundaries of surface distribution and research results, geological reserves of about 12 million tons have been determined in the wider area of Smrcevica. The quartzite reserves that have been so far determined in this area are at a low level of geological research. The paper contains an overview of the geological characteristics of the area, qualitative and quantitative characteristics of quartzite, and the mineral raw material potential of quartzite in the Smrčevice area according to the PERC standard. The results of the conducted research indicate that the general geological and technical-exploitation factors are relatively favorable and indicate a possible profitable exploitation of the deposit. Taking into account the significant raw material potential, and the possibility of expanding the existing raw material base, this area has special importance for the perspective development of quartzite exploitation and its use in the production of ferrosilicon and silico-metals.

The focus of this text is twofold. The first task is to reconsider the mode of interpretation of various small (4 to 10 cm) objects (axes, chisels, finger-rings, pendants), made of green minerals – jadeite and/or nephrite. These objects are registered on 15 sites in the territory of present-day Serbia, dated into the Neolithic period (6200/6000–4600/4500 cal BC). The second task is to lay out a short history of the green colour. As stated by Michel Pastoureau (Pasturo 2015), the production of a green pigment was almost impossible in the past, especially in praehistory. The first recorded attempts are linked to Ancient Egypt, and the oldest successful production of the green pigment is dated to Ancient Rome. Therefore, the text examines the symbolic role of these small green objects during the Neolithic. The beds of green minerals jadeite and nephrite are not recorded in the territory of Serbia. Jadeite may be found south of Skopje (Mt. Solunska glava), in the Cyclades in Greece, as well as in the Piedmont Alps. Nephrite is registered in the mountain Ogražden (SW Bulgaria), in Poland, Sweden, and Italy. The absence of mineral layers in the region surely suggests the existence of long-distance exchange. This raises the issue of the role and symbolic function of these objects – what was their appeal for the past communities and what was the role of their colour in their manufacture? In archaeology, the studies in symbolics of various colours are rare. Authors have mainly focused upon the origin of the colour and the dating of the objects, but the role of the colour itself as the criterion in choosing various raw materials has largely been neglected. Notable is the exception of the thematic collection “Colouring the Past: The Significance of Colour in Archaeological Research” (2002), where attempts have been made to explain the symbolic importance of various colours in the past. However, the colour green is not mentioned. This paper does not aim to offer final solutions, but to investigate the usage and importance of the colour green on the grounds of the usage of the objects themselves.

The primary goal of the reformed enforcement law in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is efficient compensation. However, many impediments exist. In this paper, the authors present some of the problems and potential abuses of procedural rights in the enforcement law of B&H. Two instances of abuse of rights regarding real estate are presented, which can open the doorway to other abuses, as well. Also, the abuse of procedural rights in the enforcement procedure is seen as underexplored in legislation, doctrine and case law. The paper addresses similarities and differences between the entities’ and the Brcko District legal systems regarding the presented abuses, as well as comparative law. It is focused on the analysis of legislation and the interpretation thereof in light of recent case law in B&H and problems arising from it. The identified problems often prevent the goal of the enforcement procedure from being fulfilled. The paper has two parts, each dealing with one instance of abuse. The first part concerns the engineering of the most favourable offer in the bidding. The second part concerns the problem of a fictional offer to purchase real estate in the bidding and the character of the deposit. The paper provides suggestions for amending legislation based on some good legal solutions in the region.

A locally irregular graph is a graph in which the end vertices of every edge have distinct degrees. A locally irregular edge coloring of a graph G is any edge coloring of G such that each of the colors induces a locally irregular subgraph of G. A graph G is colorable if it allows a locally irregular edge coloring. The locally irregular chromatic index of a colorable graph G, denoted by χirr′(G), is the smallest number of colors used by a locally irregular edge coloring of G. The local irregularity conjecture claims that all graphs, except odd-length paths, odd-length cycles and a certain class of cacti are colorable by three colors. As the conjecture is valid for graphs with a large minimum degree and all non-colorable graphs are vertex disjoint cacti, we study rather sparse graphs. In this paper, we give a cactus graph B which contradicts this conjecture, i.e., χirr′(B)=4. Nevertheless, we show that the conjecture holds for unicyclic graphs and cacti with vertex disjoint cycles.

Provenance tests of forest tree species are important experiments in silviculture and tree breeding. Their results provide information about provenances' growth, adaptability, and other features. The research aimed to determine the dynamics of growth and tree shape of common beech plants per provenances in the international provenance test in Bosnia and Herzegovina to choose the best provenances considering wood production and quality. Research was conducted in the provenance test containing eight provenances from Bosnia and Herzegovina, four from Germany, three from Serbia, two each from Croatia, Romania, and Switzerland, and one from Hungary. Provenance test was established in 2007 by planting 2-year-old and 3-year old seedlings. Height and root collar diameter were measured, and tree shape was assessed in 2019. Data were processed in SPSS 26.0. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis, multiple Duncan's test for all traits, and Pearson's coefficient of corelation among morphological traits and tree shape were calculated. Variance for the height and root collar diameter showed statistically significant differences among different ages of plants and among provenances. Provenance from Croatia (Dilj Čaglinski) had the highest, and provenance from Romania (Alba-Iulia) had the lowest average height. The highest average value of root collar diameter had provenance Dilj Čaglinski, and the lowest value had provenance Sihlwald (Switzerland). The highest percentage of category 10 (ideal tree form) had provenance Bad Wildbad (Germany), and categories 1-4 (no silviculture value) had provenance Alba-Iulia (Romania). Pearson's coefficient showed that height, root collar diameter, and tree shape are highly correlated. Considering all the above, when planning forest-breeding works, it is recommended to continue the research and favor provenances with the best growth and tree shape.

Morphologic variability from 25 populations of Acer campestre L. in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Morphometric structure of variability and between-population variability was performed based on 10 fruit-parameter characteristics and 19 leaf-parameter characteristics using multivariate statistical analysis. Results confirmed the separation of three submediterranean populations as a group in relation to other tested populations, from which the Banja Luka population is different. Measured leaf parameters were confirmed as a predominant carrier of the morphologic separation between populations. In other Acer species populations within A. monspessulanum and A. intermedium species are separated mainly by fruit and much less by leaf parameters. The southernmost submediterranean populations from Trebinje, Ljubuški, and Mostar regions have smaller leaf areas, which consequently places them within the same morphologic group; their variability is in tight connection with eco-geo-graphical factors, where the ecological distance is a much better predictor of morphological variability compared to geographical distance. The air temperature had the biggest influence on morphological variability regarding the highest in-between correlation. Achieved results may serve for the continuation of the research in other areas of Acer campestre to determine the interactive effect of ecological, geographical, climatic, and migrational factors on their morphologic population plasticity.