The aim of this research is to identify the motivational structure of recreational exercisers and to investigate differences in motivation with respect to gender, ie to determine the hierarchy of motives for which they choose recreational exercise. This research shows that the strongest motivation for recreational exercise is maintaining and improving health, and certainly relaxation. After them, the most important motivation is socializing and meeting new people, and improving and maintaining physical ability. The research also showed that there are very small differences in the motives for exercise in relation to the age of the respondents, and they are reflected in good looks and fun, while relaxation and relaxation and improvement and maintenance of physical ability are equally important for all ages.

The research was conducted on a sample of 266 respondents of preschool age, aged 4-6 years of both sexes in Preschool Institution “Zvjezdica” Banja Luka. Out of the total number of respondents, the male population consisted of 137 respondents, while female population consisted of 129 respondents. Disorders of the knee joint, X - legs, O - legs and hyperextension of the legs were used to assess the presence of lower extremity deformities. The main goal of the research was to determine the actual state of frequency and structure of lower extremity deformities in preschool subjects in relation to gender and age. The frequencies and structure of deformities of the lower extremities are shown in tabular relation to the sex and age of the subjects. The results of the research indicate a slightly higher frequency of lower extremity deformities in boys compared to girls, and the highest frequency of presence was found in subjects of both sexes aged 4 years, and slightly lower in subjects aged 5 years. It is surprising that the presence of deformities was not determined in subjects of both sexes aged 6 years. However, these results also oblige us to be careful and constantly and continuously monitor the postural status of children in order to timely identify physical disorders and take adequate activities in preventive and corrective work. The obtained results should initiate activities in order to timely diagnose, control and undertake effective programs of corrective exercise in preschool children.

This research was conducted in order to determine whether and what to extent the three-month fitness program affect changjes in body composition on a sample of 42 exercisers, recreational athletes, ages between 21 and 35. The measurement was performed using a Tanita scale, model BC-543, and the following variables were applied: body weight, muscle mass and percentage of fat. After the initial measurement, a three-month fitness exercise program was applied, and then the final measurement in order to determine the achieved effects of training. Trainings were performed three times a week and were adjusted to each recreational athlete in proportion to the age and current state of training. In the process of statistical data processing, descriptive and comparative statistics procedures were used. The basic statistical parameters for each subject were calculated individually and it was determined that there are statistically significant differences between the initial and final measurements.

O osobinama ličnosti češće se govori kada je potrebno odlučiti o profesionalnoj budućnosti radnika, odrediti da li zaslužuje napredovanje ili ne, da li je vrijedan ulaganja na temelju kapaciteta kojima raspolaže i slično. U praksi, kao i u stručnoj literaturi, nalazimo vidljivo manji broj ispitivanja ličnosti lidera, odnosno rukovodilaca ili vođa neke organizacije ili grupe. Iako se naglašavaju kompetencije koje dobar vođa treba imati, obično su te kompetencije vidljive tek nakon što neko zauzme poziciju vođe. U ovom radu polazimo od problema detekcije osobina ličnosti koje ima dobar vođa, bilo da je riječ o političkom lideru, kapitenu sportskog tima, rukovodiocu radne organizacije ili predstavniku neke neformalne grupe. Prikazom i analizom pregleda radova o osobinama vođe, ispituje se koje osobine ličnosti ukazuju da će pojedinac biti dobar vođa, ili da će – unatoč svim drugim kompetencijama, znanjima i vještinama – biti vođen od strane drugih.

U radu se razmatra pitanje zastupljenosti i primjene pojedinih oblika nastavnog rada u pripremanju studenata za realizaciju nastave islamske vjeronauke. Oblici nastavnog rada predstavljaju osnovnu didaktičko-metodičku determinantu organizacije nastavnog časa islamske vjeronauke. Istraživanje je longitudinalnog karaktera. Istraživanje je trajalo 5 godina za vrijeme realizacije pedagoške i metodičke prakse studenata u osnovnoj i srednjoj školi. U radu je korištena je analitičko-deskriptivna metoda i metoda analize sadržaja, kao i protokol za snimanje i opservaciju nastavnog časa islamske vjeronauke. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se pored dominantnog izbora frontalnog oblika nastavnog rada u nastavi islamske vjeronauke, studenti koriste i grupnim oblikom nastavnog rada u pripremanju didaktičko-metodičke organizacije nastave islamske vjeronauke. Za unapređenje kvalitete nastave islamske vjeronauke, neophodno je obezbijediti kontinuiranu podršku kroz razvijanje pedagoških i didaktičko-metodičkih kompetencija kod vjeroučitelja, a kod studenata islamske vjeronauke više podsticati interaktivne i kreativne metode učenja tokom visokoškolskog obrazovanja.

Istraživanje na temu „Socijalno-ekonomski uzroci i posljedice odlaska mladih iz Bosne i Hercegovine“ je imalo za cilj locirati, analizirati i utvrditi razloge, motive i povode za napuštanjem svoje domovine i odlaskom u druge destinacije na planeti Zemlji, s težištem na socijalno-ekonomske posljedice tih odlazaka. Autori u radu težišno analiziraju i interpretiraju teorijske i empirijske spoznaje o posljedicama koje uzrokuju odlasci mladih iz Bosne i Hercegovine.Polazeći od multidimenzionalnosti problema odlaska mladih iz Bosne i Hercegovine koji iziskuje identifikaciju faktora na individualnom, porodičnom i društvenom nivou i koji doprinose ovoj pojavi, istraživanje je fokusirano na individualne, endogene i institucionalne faktore koji uzrokuju odlazak mladih iz Bosne i Hercegovine, kao i na socijalnoekonomske posljedice koje odlazak mladih nosi sa sobom.U procesu istraživanja korištene su sljedeće metode i tehnike: analiza sadržaja, upitnik, intervju, studija slučaja, anketa i statistička metoda. Za uzorak je korišten stratifikovani uzorak vodeći računa o proporcionalnoj i teritorijalnoj zastupljenosti mladih. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 600 mladih osoba koje su u periodu istraživanja imale od 18 do 29 godina.Istraživanje provedeno u Bosni i Hercegovini u periodu 2019. godine i 2020. godine, pokazalo je da postoji više razloga, faktora i uzroka zašto mladi odlaze iz BiH te da su mladi ljudi, dobi od 18 do 29 godina, zastupljeni sa 69% od ukupnog broja onih koji odlaze, dok 31% pripadaju ostalim starosnim skupinama. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata založili smo se za implikaciju sagledavanja negativnih utjecaja socijalnih faktora na socijalno-ekonomske uzroke odlaska mladih iz Bosne i Hercegovine.

Silene sendtneri Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae) is the Dinaric endemic plant species with white, decorative and scented flowers. Previous studies on this endemic species were based on morphology and effects on seed germination after the treatment with salicylic acid. However, no molecular genetic studies have been conducted on this species so far. This paper presents preliminary results of the usefulness of microsatellite loci created for cosmopolitan species in assessing the genetic diversity of endemic plant species. A total of 100 specimens were collected from 18 localities in the mountain regions of Treskavica, Igman, Bjelašnica and Ozren in Bosnia and Herzegovina. No S. sendtneri individuals were found at the mountain Trebević. We tested cross-amplification success and a polymorphism level for the set of microsatellite markers (Sil01, Sil03, Sil16, Sil31, Sil35) designed for the cosmopolitan species Silene nutans. In 100 analyzed individuals of S. sendtneri, Sil31 and Sil35 did not amplify, Sil01 was monomorphic and the remaining two loci showed a high level of allelic diversity. Our findings suggest that caution should therefore be exercised in selecting microsatellite markers designed for cosmopolitan plant species in the analyses of endemic species of the same genus since different genetic factors affect the amplification success and polymorphism of the given loci. Attention should be given to the number of detected and effective alleles and their ratio, the success of locus amplification concerning the complete set of markers used, and the ratio of polymorphs to the total number of observed loci.

Veliki nedostatak utvrđivanja i kontrole stepena obrasta jednodobnih šuma u praksi uređivanja šuma u Bosni i Hercegovini leži u činjenici da se koriste prinosne tablice izrađene za područja u drugim zemljama koje karakterišu drugačiji stanišni uslovi i način gazdovanja. Indeks obrasta sastojine prema Rajnekeu (Reineke) je, kao relativna mjera obrasta sastojine, pokazatelj produkcije pri različitim sastojinskim strukturama i u različitoj starosti. Preliminarna istraživanja pokazuju da se posmatrani pokazatelj obrasta može uspješno koristiti u praksi uređivanja šuma u Bosni i Hercegovini za jednodobne sastojine. Potreba za primjenom ovog pokazatelja obrasta je naročito izražena kada su u pitanju vještački podignute sastojine.

U čistim zrelim sastojinama hrasta kitnjaka u kontinentalnom dijelu Bosne i Hercegovine istraživani su elementi prostorne strukture sastojina. Privremene ogledne površine postavljene su na pet lokaliteta, tačnije, u pet ekoloških jedinica. Sastojine se nalaze u VII dobnom razredu (120–140 godina). Za definisanje homogenosti sastojina izračunati su indeksi homogenosti. U istraživanim sastojinama, sa pogoršanjem stanišnih uslova smanjuje se homogenost. Utvrđeni indeksi diferenciranja prečnika stabala po ekološkim jedinicama su približno jednaki. Primjenom metoda za utvrđivanje prostornog rasporeda stabala konstatovana je značajna slučajnost razmještaja stabala u prostoru.

In solid tumor oncology, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is poised to transform care through accurate assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) and therapeutic response monitoring. To overcome the sparsity of ctDNA fragments in low tumor fraction (TF) settings and increase MRD sensitivity, we previously leveraged genome-wide mutational integration through plasma whole genome sequencing (WGS). We now introduce MRD-EDGE, a composite machine learning-guided WGS ctDNA single nucleotide variant (SNV) and copy number variant (CNV) detection platform designed to increase signal enrichment. MRD-EDGE uses deep learning and a ctDNA-specific feature space to increase SNV signal to noise enrichment in WGS by 300X compared to our previous noise suppression platform MRDetect. MRD-EDGE also reduces the degree of aneuploidy needed for ultrasensitive CNV detection through WGS from 1Gb to 200Mb, thereby expanding its applicability to a wider range of solid tumors. We harness the improved performance to track changes in tumor burden in response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer and demonstrate ctDNA shedding in precancerous colorectal adenomas. Finally, the radical signal to noise enrichment in MRD-EDGE enables de novo mutation calling in melanoma without matched tumor, yielding clinically informative TF monitoring for patients on immune checkpoint inhibition.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between one of the most commonly used anesthesia techniques, ketaminebased sedation, on the value of adenoma detection rate (ADR) during colonoscopy screening. Methods: This prospective, observational study included 140 patients, who underwent a standard colonoscopy preparation before the procedure. Sedation regimens included ketamine at 0.5 mg/kg and propofol at 0.5 mg/kg. Additional doses of propofol were administered at 0.5 mg/kg to maintain the Ramsey Sedation scale. Baseline characteristics, ADR, bowel preparation quality according to the Chicago bowel preparation (CHBP) scale, cecal intubation, colonoscopy removal, and complications were analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 55.76 years; 40 (28.6%) were males and 100 (71.4%) were females. The ADR was 43.57%, wherein 15.71% in males and 27.86% in females. There were 43.6% adenomas, 17.9% biopsies, and 22.9% polypectomies. The largest location of adenomas/polyps were in the rectum and sigmoid and ascending colon (p=0.11), a biopsy of the sigmoid colon and ileum (p<0.05), polypectomy of the rectum and sigmoid and ascending colon (p<0.05). The cecal intubation was 93.6% with a withdrawal time that is >6 min in most patients (80%) (p<0.05). The CHBP scale showed good bowel preparation (p<0.05) without complications. Conclusions: Ketamine-based sedation is in good overall correlation with ADR. Therefore, the sedation technique should be included for ADR assessment in the future.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a source of fear around the world. We asked whether the measurement of this fear is trustworthy and comparable across countries. In particular, we explored the measurement invariance and cross-cultural replicability of the widely used Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), testing community samples from 48 countries (N = 14,558). The findings indicate that the FCV-19S has a somewhat problematic structure, yet the one-factor solution is replicable across cultural contexts and could be used in studies that compare people who vary on gender and educational level. The validity of the scale is supported by a consistent pattern of positive correlations with perceived stress and general anxiety. However, given the unclear structure of the FCV-19S, we recommend using latent factor scores, instead of raw scores, especially in cross-cultural comparisons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Srebrnolisna lipa (Tilia tomentosa Moench) smatra se važnom vrstom drveća u borbi protiv klimatskih promjena, a također je vrlo cijenjena u hortikulturi. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi postojanje interpopulacijske i intrapopulacijske varijabilnosti svojstava ove vrste u Bosni i Hercegovini i Srbiji. Mjerena su morfološka svojstva listova srebrnolisne lipe iz doline rijeke Sane (dva lokaliteta), kanjona rijeke Neretve (dva lokaliteta), te Nacionalnog parka „Fruška gora” (dva lokaliteta), sa trideset stabala po lokalitetu i 30 listova po stablu. Prosječna vrijednost duljine peteljke za sve populacije iznosi 40,3 mm, duljine plojke 111,0 mm, širine plojke 90,7 mm, udaljenosti prve desne razvijene žile od baze lista 0,3 mm, kut prve desne razvijene žile sa središnjom žilom 47,7°, duljina središnje žile 90,4 mm, odnos duljiina/širina plojke 1,3, odnos širina/duljiina plojke 0,8, ukupna duljina središnje žile sa petiolom 130,7 mm, duljina središnje žile/duljina peteljke 2,5, duljina peteljke/ukupna duljina središnje žile i peteljke 0,3. Najveći broj jedinki imao je dva primarna zupca po 1 cm duljine ruba lista. Analiza varijance za svojstva lista pokazala je da postoje statistički značajne razlike za sva svojstva lista po populacijama, dok je Dankanov test pokazao razdvajanje svih populacija u odvojene skupine za većinu svojstava. S obzirom na značaj srebrnolisne lipe kao vrste prilagodljive na klimatske promjene, kao i medonosne i vrste cijenjene u hortikulturi, potrebno je proširiti istraživanja na veći broj populacija, te provesti istraživanja na molekularnoj razini.

The research deals with the market assessment of pear varieties in Serbia. Market assessment represents the willingness of customers to consume a certain fruit or a certain variety. This research applies a market assessment of pear varieties based on expert decision making. Together with the experts, the criteria and varieties of pears used in the research are determined. Ten criteria and six varieties of pears that are mostly grown in Serbia are used. Experts evaluated pear varieties based on linguistic values according to selected criteria. Based on these values, and using fuzzy logic, the weights of the criteria are first determined using the fuzzy CRITIC method (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation), and pear varieties are ranked using the fuzzy CRADIS method (compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution). The obtained results show that the highest rated varieties are Konferans and Viljamovka, while the lowest rated variety is Šampionka. Sensitivity analysis confirms these results. The obtained results will help cultivators and fruit vendors to choose those varieties that will achieve the best market results. This study is conducted to provide guidelines for the use of fuzzy methods in marketing assessment in fruit growing.