In this study, metal matrix-based composite (MMC) was subjected to Equal Chanel Angular Pressing (ECAP) in several passes to determine the influence of deformation on the hardness of the samples. Composite based on A356 aluminum alloy and reinforced with Fly Ash (FA) particles was obtained by the compo casting method. The microstructural analyses and microhardness measurements were performed on the cast and pressed samples. Vickers hardness measurement of composite samples was performed with different indentation load sizes: HV0.02, HV0.05, HV0.1 and HV0.2. Results showed that hardness increases after each ECAP pass. The lowest hardness value of 42 (HV0.02) as well as the lowest arithmetical mean value of 46 (HV0.2) was measured at the cast composite. The greatest composite hardness of 107 (HV0.1) and the highest arithmetical mean value of 94 (HV0.1) was measured at the three-time pressed sample. The mathematical model named Meyer’s law was used for data analysis. In the cast sample, a decrease in hardness was detected with increasing indentation load, termed Indentation Size Effect (ISE), was confirmed with Meyers index n = 1.9112 < 2. Pressed samples showed opposite behavior—an increase in hardness with increasing indentation load—where Meyers index n > 2 indicated Reverse Indentation Size Effect (RISE). For all samples, a high coefficient of determination R2 > 0.99 confirmed that Meyer’s law described this phenomenon well.

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been one of the first European states to introduce a generous consumer collective redress mechanism. It was established under the influence of the EU, the United States and former Yugoslav law. The legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina provides an excellent opportunity to examine to which extent the collective redress remedies emanating from different legal traditions may co-exist and function together. The number and variety of collective consumer remedies in Bosnia and Herzegovina is quite impressive. But the mechanism has still not been used because of the weaknesses of those who are supposed to trigger it. The very generous solutions for consumer associations and a specialized Ombudsman for Consumer Protection, both with wide powers to initiate collective proceedings, have not proved to be sufficient. The lack of appropriate funding has so far been an obstacle that is too great for any collective initiative. It also does not help that legislation allows traders to file for compensation in the case of unfounded collective claims when the reputation and business of the trader have been seriously harmed. The new EU Directive on consumer representative actions will certainly require further reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially with regard to collective claims for damages. This will provide the legislator with the opportunity not only to introduce more options for collective redress, but also to add the missing pieces of the jigsaw so that the mechanism finally fulfils its purpose of providing legal protection for consumers.

Abstract Anatomical complications of the craniofacial regions often present considerable challenges to the surgical repair or replacement of the damaged tissues. Surgical repair has its own set of limitations, including scarcity of the donor tissues, immune rejection, use of immune suppressors followed by the surgery, and restriction in restoring the natural aesthetic appeal. Rapid advancement in the field of biomaterials, cell biology, and engineering has helped scientists to create cellularized skeletal muscle‐like structures. However, the existing method still has limitations in building large, highly vascular tissue with clinical application. With the advance in the three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technique, scientists and clinicians now can produce the functional implants of skeletal muscles and bones that are more patient‐specific with the perfect match to the architecture of their craniofacial defects. Craniofacial tissue regeneration using 3D bioprinting can manage and eliminate the restrictions of the surgical transplant from the donor site. The concept of creating the new functional tissue, exactly mimicking the anatomical and physiological function of the damaged tissue, looks highly attractive. This is crucial to reduce the donor site morbidity and retain the esthetics. 3D bioprinting can integrate all three essential components of tissue engineering, that is, rehabilitation, reconstruction, and regeneration of the lost craniofacial tissues. Such integration essentially helps to develop the patient‐specific treatment plans and damage site‐driven creation of the functional implants for the craniofacial defects. This article is the bird's eye view on the latest development and application of 3D bioprinting in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissues and their application in restoring the functional abilities of the damaged craniofacial tissue. We also discussed current challenges in craniofacial bone vascularization and gave our view on the future direction, including establishing the interactions between tissue‐engineered skeletal muscle and the peripheral nervous system.

Collaborative graphic ethnography can generate new ways of identifying, materializing, and documenting political possibility in what otherwise seems like an overdetermined world, and in doing so, offers a model for practicing anthropology differently. We come to these insights through our work in the embattled Bosnian detergent factory “Dita,” located on the outskirts of the post-industrial city of Tuzla, whose workers scored an unprecedented victory when they managed to preserve their factory and restart production despite the threat of bankruptcy and liquidation. In researching and telling the story of their struggle and victory through this innovative format, we build upon the historical popularity of comics in former Yugoslavia, as well as contemporary experimentation with the form among anti-corruption activists in Bosnia-Herzegovina. We explore ethnographic and political affordances of sequential art and the graphic form for an engaged or activist anthropology, including its capacity to visualize and materialize the immaterial and overlooked aspects of politics, mitigate anthropology’s extractivist tendencies, enlist the imagination and participation of readers in directions both hoped for and unanticipated, and engage and animate multiple local and international publics.  

For the purpose of digitization and interoperability of public administration, we researched the organization and challenges in public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as in general in public administration. We presented parts of public administration as well as the influences of public administration. The effects and influence of digitalization and interoperability in institutions in BIH, strategic approach to the development of public administration, the relationship between Vision and Technology as an indicator of business success in public administration are given. We also presented a view on the provision of digitalized and interoperable public administration services.

The increasing use of natural gas power generation has strengthened the interdependence between the power and natural gas subsystems in the integrated power and gas system (IPGS). Due to the interactions between the two subsystems, the disturbances in one system may spread to the other one, triggering a disruptive avalanche of subsequent failures in the IPGS. This paper presents a survey of cascading failure analysis for the IPGS. First, we identify the important features characterizing cascading dynamics in individual power and gas subsystems. Then, we will discuss the features for the cascading failure analysis in the IPGS and future research.

Conflicts are inevitable, and so are refugees. Due to conflicts in Ukraine, the global refugee population has reached new highs. As people continue to flee Ukraine amid the ongoing pandemic in droves, their exposure to COVID-19 and infectious diseases that are common among the refugee population, such as tuberculosis, is on the rise as well. Also factoring in the fact that Ukraine has a large population living with communicable diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, along with other non-communicable conditions like diabetes and cancer, there is a pronounced need to protect these refugees and local residents from potential public health crises. In this paper, we investigate the challenges that health and government officials face in addressing refugees’ health needs and preferences. Furthermore, we discuss the imperative to provide timely and effective health services to refugees, such as psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions that could help address refugees’ multifactorial and multifaceted health needs and requirements. While conflicts are inevitable, public health crises are not. In light of the renewed imperative to safeguard shared humanity and solidify global solidarity, collaborative actions are needed to ensure fair, kind, and true public health environments are available to refugees of the current conflict and beyond.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the dominant theoretical paradigms and show their sustainability in the last 150 years, following the historical context of the interrelationship between politics and war. Starting from Clausewitz’s thesis on war as a continuation of politics by other, violent means, the paper thematizes the dominant wars in the twentieth century, World War I and II, their causes and connection with politics, which proves to be an essential element of every war. Namely, war has always been the consequence of political decisions and as such a significant political tool for achieving a certain goal. In this context, the Cold War period unequivocally confirms Clausewitz’s realist thesis, showing that war is not necessarily an armed conflict, but that it is nonetheless a political matter. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, realism and liberalism regained prominence and emerged as significant theories on war and security. Both theories have their roots in the twentieth century, and therefore their paradigm becomes insufficient to answer the new questions posed by the nature of interdependent world. Nevertheless, these theories, especially liberalism, show their practical application and stand at the core of the ideological basis for the formation of the European Union. In this sense, Europe, after centuries of wars fought on its soil, displays the possibility of successful cooperation. As a result, war appears not only as a continuation of politics by violent means, but as a constituent element of systems and states in the modern world.

The J Project (JP) physician education and clinical research collaboration program was established in 2004 by clinician scientists in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) to increase awareness of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) and improve the complex care of patients with these conditions [1, 2]. By the end of 2021, 344 J Project meetings were organized (Table 1). The JP has created a collaborative, professional community of clinical immunologists, caring for more than 24,000 patients with PID and a remarkable number of joint publications [1–3]. While most of us live in a peaceful environment, the world is now full of conflict and unsolved legacies, and the area covered by our JP network is no exception. Many of these disputes concern politics and religion, culture and traditions, and some relate to the borders of countries, the citizens of which simply wish to live in peace. Those of us working in medicine, presumably with responsibility only for the physical and mental health of those we treat, are suffering from the consequences of local and global conflicts. We remember when many of our colleagues decided not to attend the 2nd J Project Congress in Antalya, Turkey, because of the conflict between their countries at the time. This is why we formulated a succinct message delivered at the 2nd J Project Congress in Antalya, reiterating that our meeting was dedicated to patients and peace. But, after 18 years of working together in the PID or inborn errors of immunity (IEI) field, the loudest and strongest message to come out of the JP is that we are still together and growing in terms of the area covered, the countries and centers included, and we are developing across existing differences of various kinds between the 32 countries now involved in the project [1]. We are not alone in this endeavor. Indeed, we collaborate closely with the European Society for Immunodeficiencies, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, and pharmaceutical companies, which provide educational grants for the organization of JP meetings [2]. We are not immune from the problems of a lack of engagement with this wonderful joint project, albeit in only a few countries or a few centers in some countries. We continually try to persuade the less active centers to re-engage in the Project and to bring them back into the fold. We hope to convince them that the JP exists primarily to help those who are lagging behind, and that the reward for our efforts is the diagnosis and treatment of more and more patients throughout Central Europe and Eurasia, including, recently, in Siberia and the Far East of Russia [3, 4]. Advanced centers should be keen to find new ways to help the less developed centers and to raise the global level of patient management and understanding of the importance of IEI throughout medical fields. In a more global sense, the JP provides us with an excellent example of how to overcome differences and conflicts between countries and nations and to build collegiality and friendship through a focus on professional collaboration in our growing community, even during times of strife when tensions surround us. A prominent expression of our strength and reach is the increasing number of PID-focused meetings (Fig. 1), reflecting considerable ambition and enthusiasm and paving the way for improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in our still largely neglected but rapidly developing field [5]. * László Maródi edamarodi@gmail.com

During the pandemic period, smart logistics applications have rapidly changed the way organizations do business in order to provide competitive products and services while still remaining flexible. Smart logistics applications and demand forecasting, which have an important place in ensuring customer satisfaction and increasing competitive advantage, came to the fore even more in this period. However, smart logistics applications are often bogged down by several barriers, and then there is the need to choose the most ideal demand forecasting method despite these barriers. The main purpose of this study is to assess the barriers to the smart logistics applications in companies that receive and provide logistics services with corporate identity in Ordu Province, and to choose the most ideal demand forecasting method during the COVID-19 period. This study has the characteristic of a roadmap that helps the construction of smart logistics transformation applications by detecting barriers related to smart logistics applications and determining the most ideal demand forecasting alternative in logistics sector. Fuzzy FUCOM (FUll COnsistency Method)-based interval rough EDAS (Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution) methodology was used to weight the barriers and to rank and choose the most ideal demand forecasting method during COVID-19 period, respectively.

Plant-derived products are frequently found as ingredients in cosmetics. However, the current data show non-neglectable skin sensitizing potential of these preparations suggesting an urgent need for data regarding their health safety profile. The aim of this study was to assess the skin sensitization potential of commercial essential oils by selected Lamiaceae species (Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Mentha longifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, and Rosmarinus officinalis) using a chemistry-based Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) in order to predict their potential allergic properties. In the DPRA assay, nucleophile-containing synthetic peptides (cysteine peptide and lysine peptide) were incubated with the test substance for 24 h. Depletion of the peptide in the reaction mixture was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection and the average peptide depletion data for cysteine and lysine was then calculated. Menthae longifoliae aetheroleum showed no or minimal reactivity with 4.48% cysteine depletion, Rosmarini aetheroleum and Salviae aetheroleum showed low reactivity with the 12.79% and 15.34% of cysteine depletion, respectively, while the other analyzed essential oils showed moderate reactivity with the cysteine depletion between 23.21 and 48.43%. According to DPRA predictive analysis, only Menthae longifoliae aetheroleum can be classified as negative, while all other essential oils may be classified as positive, thus having the potential to cause skin sensitization.

Background: Scientometry is a part of Scientology (the science of science) that analyzes scientific articles and their citation in a selected sample of scientific journals. The basic part of scientometry is bibliometrics, which was introduced in the 1970s to mark quantitative research on communication processes by applying appropriate mathematical and statistical methods to published publications. Scientific research is the only real way and method for the proliferation of true knowledge in all spheres of science, but also in academic institutions. The ability to study a scientific problem is the highest level of knowledge. Medical

This study was conducted with three aims. The first aim of our study was to examine both construct-related validity and content validity of the Atmosphere-related environmental problems diagnostic test (Arslan et al. 2012) in Bosnia and Herzegovina university student sample. The Atmosphere-related environmental problems diagnostic test is a three-tier multiple-choice diagnostic test consisting of 13 questions on global warming, greenhouse effect, ozone layer depletion and acid rain. The second aim of this study was to examine scientific understanding as well as misunderstanding of atmosphere-related environmental problems among B&H university student sample. Finally, the third aim of our study was to compare scientific understanding and misconceptions of the atmosphere-related environmental problems with respect to educational background. A total of 445 students (22,7% males) of three faculty participated in the research. Results indicate that Atmosphere-related environmental problems diagnostic test measures a single construct of general scientific knowledge about atmosphere-related environmental problems. In addition, the content validity and reliability were satisfactory. Results obtained in our study show that students’ overall understanding of each content area was low but comparable to knowledge of pre-service teachers in the USA (Arslan et al. 2012; Kahraman, 2019). Similar to earlier research, most incorrect answers resulted from lack of knowledge rather than from misconceptions. Students who attended ecology classes scored higher than students who had not attended these classes. However, although having higher scores on Atmosphere-related environmental problems diagnostic test, students who attended ecology classes also exhibited more misconceptions related to atmosphere-related environmental problems compare to who had not attended ecology classes. This finding indicates that in the context of university education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, one has to also check for possible sources of didaktikogenic misconceptions related to environmental education.