Background/Aim: Until March 2023, it has been reported over 676 million cases of COVID-19 globally with almost 7 million deaths caused by this disease. Aim of this study was to determine COVID-19-related deaths and to study how COVID-19 pandemic impacted mortality of residents in the Canton of Sarajevo in 2020-2022 time period. Also, aim was to analyse to what extent the number of registered non-COVID-19-related deaths have changed in the Canton of Sarajevo compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the virus to better measure the impact of COVID-19. Methods: This study used mortality data obtained from Federal Institute for Statistics for period 2017-2022. Data was analysed and presented as raw numbers, age-, sex-, cause of death - crude death rates (CDR), excess mortality and P-score. Results: CDR in the Canton of Sarajevo in 2020 was 1246.3 per 100.000 persons, 1488.6 in 2021 and 1153.4 in 2022, while in period from 2017-2019 CDR ranged from 1051.3 to 1057.9. Total CDR in 2020 increased by 18.3 % compared to 2017-2019 average CDR, this relative difference being even greater in 2021 (41.3 %) and lower in 2022 (9.5 %). In 2020-2022 time period, 9 of the 10 leading causes of death remained the same as in 2019. COVID-19 was the 3rd leading cause of death in 2020 and 2022, while in 2021 spiked as the leading cause of death. In 2020 there was increase of 7 % in deaths from non-COVID-19 related deaths compared to mean number of deaths for period 2017-2019. As for 2021, this number goes higher (9.5 %) and in 2022 was much lower (1.0 %). Conclusion: In the Canton of Sarajevo, COVID-19 pandemic made a big impact on mortality in 2020-2022 years period. Data have changed in total mortality, leading causes of death and excess mortality. Deep-rooted organisational weaknesses that were exposed during pandemic that can bring harm to population from preventable chronic diseases needs to be addressed which have impact on morbidity and at the end, on mortality.

The speed of growth, as well as the height of plants on sown lawns, are important from the point of view of the possibility of obtaining a larger number of swaths if the growth is faster, and obtaining a higher yield, if the plants are of a higher age, at the same crop density. Sown lawns, usually called grass-leguminous mixtures in practice, comprise different types of grasses and legumes. Depending on the variety, growing conditions, vegetation cycle and the like, in principle, the plants of the first vegetation cycle (first cutting) reach the highest height. Considering the mentioned facts, the proposed research aimed to analyse the influence of the vegetation cycle and the mixture on the height of grasses and legume plants in the plant community under different defoliation regimes. The three-year research results showed that the height of the plants at mowing depended on the species (mixture), year (age of plants and weather conditions) and vegetation cycle. In general, the plants of all species are the lowest in the year of sowing. In the second and third years, the plants of the first cut are the tallest, with almost all mowing regimes. However, the tallest plants in the first swath are in the flowering phase of the plants, where among the tested species, the tallest plants are orchard grass in all mixtures (average 91.99 cm), followed by Italian ryegrass (average 82.77 cm). The lowest plants are bird's foot trefoil (average 48.97 cm).

In this paper, we analyze the role and activities of the Supreme Defense Council (SDC) of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) according to the Constitution of FRY from 1992. The decision to establish the FRY, encompassing Serbia and Montenegro, as well as the provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina, represented a continuation of the political and territorial restructuring of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ), as well as a basis for further military and political actions aimed at realizing expansionist project. Through the establishment of the SDC and its role in managing the military, especially during the period of aggression, it is evident how political decisions directly influenced military operations, as well as the international position and sanctions that followed in response to the aggressive policy of the FRY. SDC sessions were important for making decisions on military issues, including the appointment, promotion, and dismissal of officers, as well as decisions on military activities. Analysis of SDC session transcripts reveals details about FRY's military involvement in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the formation of the so-called Army of Republika Srpska (VRS). SDC members, the President of FRY, and the Presidents of Serbia and Montenegro, along with other attendees including the Minister of Defense and the Chief of the General Staff of the Yugoslav Army (VJ), actively participated in military matters and decision-making. This paper also explores the role of FRY in the wars in the former Yugoslavia during the early 1990s, with a particular focus on its relationship with the self-proclaimed Republika Srpska (RS) and participation in the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Through the lens of logistical, military, and comprehensive support provided by FRY, including attempts to conceal the involvement of military personnel through the 30th Personnel Center, we shed light on its direct involvement in military operations that had a decisive impact on the course of the war. Despite efforts to conceal the role of FRY and its structures in the aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, documents and SDC transcripts reveal enough evidence confirming FRY's crucial role in the preparation, support, and execution of aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina through RS. The SDC organized and supported activities aimed at supporting the VRS and other military formations, often with a conspiratorial approach. Discussions at SDC sessions covered funding for the VRS, logistics, organization of soldier training, and defense strategy. Military operations, as well as political and military relations within Bosnia and Herzegovina, were particularly analyzed. „Controversial topics“ such as arming the population in Serbia and crimes committed against Bosniaks in Sandžak and Bosnia and Herzegovina were also discussed at the sessions. Relations with the political leaderships of RS and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK), as well as reactions to losses and defeats, were also important topics at SDC sessions. The sessions also included analysis of political and military events and presentations of the views of FRY President Slobodan Milošević on peace negotiations, military operations, and territorial goals achieved. SDC transcripts provide insight into Slobodan Milošević's acknowledgment of the involvement of the State Security Service (SDB) in the formation, arming, and support of „paramilitary units“ sent to Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition to the direct involvement of VJ in the aggression, plans for joint military operations were extensively documented, aiming to create a „united state of the Serbian people“. Key figures, such as Ratko Mladić, who were in VRS, remained members of VJ even after the aggression. The SDC continued to exist until 2001 but lost its significance compared to the period from its establishment to the end of 1995.

Birdsfoot trefoil is a perennial legume for the production of high-quality forage. Improving the production and quality of forage is one of the strategic objectives of breeding programs. The genotypes for this trial were selected from promising offspring collected from local populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. A trial with eight genotypes (7 promising lines and 1 variety) was designed in a randomized block system with four replicates. In the first growth, 11 components of yield and quality of biomass were analyzed, and in the second growth, four additional parameters for seed production. In the first growth, highly significant correlations were found between plant height and the proportion of leaves (0.85**) and the yield of green matter and dry matter (0.81**), while a high negative correlation was found between the nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and the crude protein content (-0.79**). In the regrowth, statistically highly significant (p<0.01) positive correlations were found between the content of NFE and ash (0.77**). Statistically significant (p<0.05) positive relationships were found between green matter yield and dry matter yield (0.81**), green matter yield and stem diameter (0.79*), seed yield and number of pods (0.83*), and cellulose content and plant height (0.73*). The identification of positive correlations for certain productive and nutritional traits will be used in breeding programs for the creation of new varieties with improved forage quality.

: Within this research, the focus was on analyzing the effectiveness of Computer Vision (CV) in detecting vehicles and pedestrians in traffic. The YOLOv5 model was utilized for object detection, along with publicly available, unmodified libraries like OpenCV and TensorFlow. The approach involved a careful selection of three different traffic scenarios: a rainy day, daytime, and night-time, with the intention of creating realistic conditions for testing the performance of vehicle and pedestrian detection systems. An algorithm for detecting pedestrians and vehicles was implemented, contributing further to road safety. Through experiments, exploration was conducted into how various factors, such as weather conditions and lighting, influence the accuracy of the system. Following a meticulous analysis of the results, situations in which the system exhibits high detection accuracy, as well as those that pose a challenge to the system were identified, in order to provide a profound understanding of different aspects of pedestrian tracking and vehicle detection. Through the application of image analysis techniques, the focus was on identification of key features of pedestrian crossings, contributing to the recognition of potentially dangerous situations. The objective was to draw accurate conclusions regarding the system's performance under actual traffic conditions, thus enhancing the overall comprehension of how these technologies effectively contribute to improving road safety.