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BACKGROUND Real-world mobility involves walking in challenging conditions. Assessing gait during simultaneous physical and cognitive challenges provides insights on cognitive health. RESEARCH QUESTION How does uneven surface, cognitive task, and their combination affect gait quality and does this gait performance relate to cognitive functioning? METHODS Community-dwelling older adults (N = 104, age=75 ± 6 years, 60 % females) performed dual-task walking paradigms (even and uneven surface; with and without alphabeting cognitive task (ABC)) to mimic real-world demands. Gait quality measures [speed(m/s), rhythmicity(steps/minute), stride time variability (%), adaptability (m/s2), similarity, smoothness, power (Hz) and regularity] were calculated from an accelerometer worn on the lower back. Linear-mixed modelling and Tukey analysis were used to analyze independent effects of surface and cognitive task and their interaction on gait quality. Partial Spearman correlations compared gait quality with global cognition and executive function. RESULTS No interaction effects between surface and cognitive task were found. Uneven surface reduced gait speed(m/s) (β = -0.07). Adjusted for speed, uneven surface reduced gait smoothness (β = -0.27) and increased regularity (β = 0.09), Tukey p < .05, for even vs uneven and even-ABC vs uneven-ABC. Cognitive task reduced gait speed(m/s) (β = -0.12). Adjusted for speed, cognitive task increased variability (β = 7.60), reduced rhythmicity (β = -6.68) and increased regularity (β = 0.05), Tukey p < .05, for even vs even-ABC and uneven vs uneven-ABC. With demographics as covariates, gait speed was not associated with cognition. Gait quality [lower variability during even-ABC (ρp =-.31) and uneven-ABC (ρp =-.28); greater rhythmicity (ρp between.22 and.29) and greater signal-adaptability AP (ρp between.22 and.26) during all walking tasks] was associated with better global cognition. Gait adaptability during even (ρp =-0.21, p = 0.03) and uneven(ρp =-0.19, p = 0.04) walking was associated with executive function. SIGNIFICANCE Surface and cognitive walking tasks independently affected gait quality. Our study with high-functioning older adults suggests that task-related changes in gait quality are related to subtle changes in cognitive functioning.

We investigated the relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels and psychopathological symptoms, clinical and socio-demographic characteristics and antipsychotic therapy in individuals with schizophrenia. TNF-α levels were measured in 90 patients with schizophrenia and 90 healthy controls matched by age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychopathology in patients. No significant differences in TNF-α levels were detected between the patients and controls (p=0.736). TNF-α levels were not correlated with total, positive, negative, general, or composite PANSS scores (all p>0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between TNF-α levels and the PANSS cognitive factor (ρ=-0.222, p=0.035). A hierarchical regression analysis identified the cognitive factor as a significant predictor of the TNF-α level (beta=-0.258, t=-2.257, p=0.027). There were no significant differences in TNF-α levels among patients treated with different types of antipsychotics (p=0.596). TNF-α levels correlated positively with the age of onset (ρ=0.233, p=0.027) and negatively with illness duration (ρ=-0.247, p=0.019) and antipsychotic treatment duration (ρ=-0.256, p=0.015). These results indicate that TNF-α may be involved in cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, and would be a potential clinical-state marker in schizophrenia.

Aim To investigate the influence of irregular shifts on increased emotional, physical, and cognitive exhaustion and decreased working performance expressed by the phenomenon of presenteeism. Methods The study sample of 405 healthcare workers from Family medicine centres completed questionnaires in two measurement time points, in 2014 (TP1) and repeated in 2019 (TP2), when 301 respondents remained in the study. Healthcare workers completed questionnaires assessing demographics, work schedules, job burnout, and presenteeism. Results Repeated long-term exposure to rotating day-evening shifts was a significant risk for increased presenteeism (OR=1.689, 95%CI 1.042-2.739; p=0.001) and burnout (OR=1.705, 95%CI 1.237-2.352; p=0.001). Extended working hours are a predictor of presenteeism (OR=1.989, 95%CI 1.042-2.739; p=0.008). Conclusion The adverse effects of rotating day-evening shifts on burnout and presenteeism among healthcare workers in a family medicine centre was little researched, particularly the issue of managing the risks of exposure to rotating day-evening shifts and extended working hours. This study reflects a situation of uncertainty, in which the logic of precaution is imposed on mental health, and keeps working engagements in health care workers. Appropriate management of shift work and better organization of work schedules in the primary healthcare sector protects the wellbeing of healthcare workers and patients, efficient work, and quality of health care, and invites for future research on better working schedules and introducing preventive interventions with available flexibility of working times.

Aim Compare the efficacy of nebulized hypertonic saline and normal saline in the treatment of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis. Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology, Paediatric Clinic, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, covering the period from January 2015 to December 2019 and comprising 380 children aged between 1 and 12 months having bronchiolitis. One group received nebulized hypertonic saline (NHS, 3% NaCl)), and another group received nebulized normal saline (NNS, 0.9% NaCl). The control group did not receive any of these treatment options. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups regarding length of hospital stay (LOS) and Clinical Severity Score (CSS) at admission and discharge as well as in oxygen therapy duration and antibiotic use, the duration of symptoms before hospital admission, frequency of nasal discharge, elevated temperature, dyspnoea, cough and dehydration. Conclusion The results of this study are consistent with several recent studies or meta-analyses and support the evidence against the use of NHS in hospitalized infants with mild or moderate bronchiolitis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to conduct antimicrobial analysis on novel Schiff base-derived cobalt(II) complexes (Co(L1) 2 and Co(L2) 2 )