Physical literacy (PL) is the foundation for lifelong participation in physical activity. Most previous research concentrated on PL examinations in younger groups, while such research is scarce in the adult population. This study aimed to determine the PL levels of the Croatian adult population. Also, the aim was to investigate whether individuals with longer participation in organized physical activity have higher PL levels and do males and females differ in PL levels. The sample comprised 561 individuals (321 females, 240 males) aged 27.65±12.13 years. PL levels were assessed by the Croatian version of the Perceived Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPLQ-Cro). Demographic characteristics included age, gender, and years of involvement in organized physical activity. Gender differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test and effect sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between study variables. Males had significantly higher PL levels compared to females (83.10±16.17 for males and 74.27±20.07 for females, Z=-6.88, p=0.001). Years of organized physical activity were associated with PL levels (R=0.48, p=0.001) in the total sample as well in males (R=0.55, p<0.001) and females (R=0.24, p<0.01) separately. The finding that years of organized physical activity are associated with total PL supports the theory that PL is the cornerstone for participating in lifetime physical activity. The results of this study emphasize the importance of introducing the concept of PL in numerous institutions and organizations connected with organized physical activity.

Factors associated with doping in sports are frequently studied, but sport specific, gender-stratified investigations are rare. This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and sport factors associated with doping tendency (DT) in professional handball players. The participants were handball professionals from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n=173; 22.12±3.11 years of age, 64 females and 109 males) who were tested on sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education), sport factors (experience in sport, achievement at the junior and senior level), and doping factors (personal opinion on the problem of doping, doping knowledge, and personal DT). Logistic regressions with sociodemographic- and sport-factors as predictors were calculated for binarized outcome (positive DT vs. negative DT). A greater likelihood of having a positive DT was found for males than for females (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.16-2.12) and for those who achieved success at the junior level (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.95). Among females, positive DT increased with experience in handball (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.55). Male players who achieved better competitive/sport results at a younger age were more prone to doping (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83). While a greater tendency toward doping in males might be expected due to sociocultural factors, the gender-specific associations indicated specific factors that must be noted in the development of anti-doping strategies in this sport.

Abstract Digital technology has become inseparable from all core and supportive processes because of the intensive use of different digital tools. The paper aimed to determine teachers’ views on the impact of digital technology on business processes in higher education institutions - whether they recognize the impact and how they evaluate it. The survey was conducted among the teachers of the public University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that digital technology has a positive and mostly strong or medium impact on business processes in higher education institutions. The work on international research and educational projects and the teaching process are the most influenced by digital technology. It has a stronger impact on the core processes than on supportive activities. Teachers recognize the influence of digital transformation on all processes at universities, both core and supporting. The influence is stronger with core processes.

The estimation of distances and angles is a routine part of an orthopedic surgical procedure. However, despite their prevalence, these steps are most often performed manually, heavily relying on the surgeon’s skill and experience. To address these issues, this study presents a sensor-equipped drill system which enables automatic estimation of the drilling angle and channel length. The angular accuracy and precision of the system were tested over a range of inclination angles and proved to be superior to the manual approach, with mean absolute errors ranging from 1.9 to 4.5 degrees for the manual approach, and from 0.6 to 1.3 degrees with the guided approach. When sensors were used for simultaneous estimation of both the inclination and anteversion angles, the obtained mean absolute errors were 0.35 ± 0.25 and 2 ± 1.33 degrees for the inclination and anteversion angles, respectively. Regarding channel length estimation, using measurements obtained with a Vernier caliper as a reference, the mean absolute error was 0.33 mm and the standard deviation of errors was 0.41 mm. The obtained results indicate a high potential of smart drill systems for improvement of accuracy and precision in orthopedic surgical procedures, enabling better patient clinical outcomes.

Abstract The paper provides an overview of all freshwater red algae species recorded to date in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on fieldwork and analysis of all available previously published data, it was determined that a total of 15 taxa from eight genera have been recorded to date: Bangia (1), Audoinella (3), Batrachospermum (2), Peludicola (1), Shaethia (1), Lemanea (4), Paralemanea (2) and Hildenbrandia (1). All taxa were found in clear, cold, well-oxygenated water. Bosnia and Herzegovina is very rich in different types of aquatic habitats. More than 100 sites were visited during the field research, but there are still many potential habitats where freshwater red algae can be found, which will be explored in the coming years. This work is the first step toward establishing long-term monitoring and listing of protected and threatened red algae in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract This paper examines the potential for transforming the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering building in Mostar into a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The study assesses the building’s current energy consumption and explores feasible upgrades to achieve complete energy independence and zero CO2 emissions. The hybrid system, composed of rooftop solar panels, wind turbines, and a heat pump, has been thoroughly analyzed in this research to identify opportunities for optimization and expansion. Using software tools such as HOMER Pro and SUNNY DESIGN, the study models renewable energy capacities and simulates system performance to determine the investment potential and economic feasibility of achieving net-zero energy status. The findings offer valuable insights into practical strategies for implementing NZEB principles in public buildings across Bosnia and Herzegovina, contributing to broader sustainability goals and energy security in the region.

Abstract This paper investigates the potential application of neural networks for predicting electricity production in hybrid systems combining photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines. The research focuses on identifying key factors affecting the efficiency and reliability of these systems, including weather variability, PV panel temperature control, solar irradiation, and panel contamination by dust and other pollutants. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are used to predict power output, incorporating robust data filtering and parameter optimization techniques. Through case studies from Germany, the significant role of stochastic weather patterns on energy production is demonstrated, highlighting the need for accurate modeling and strategic management. The findings emphasize that accurate modeling and prediction are crucial for optimizing the operation and reliability of hybrid systems, facilitating a reduced dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable power accessibility in remote areas. By applying a Feed Forward Back Propagation Network (FFBPN), this research demonstrates improved prediction accuracy of power outputs, which is crucial for effective integration and management of renewable sources in the power grid. The study supports ongoing refinement of predictive models and system integration strategies to fully harness the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems.

Abstract In modern power systems, reliable electricity supply is crucial. This study analyzes the impact of small hydro power plants (SHPP) and photovoltaic (PV) systems on a low-voltage network using DigSILENT PowerFactory software tool. Results show that PV systems increase total harmonic distortion (THD), while sHPP reduces THD and significantly increases short-circuit currents during faults. These findings highlight the importance of strategic integration of distributed generation (DG) sources to maintain network quality and stability.

Aim: To assess Red blood cell Distribution Width (RDW) and platelet indices values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to verify its association with kidney dysfunction (KD). Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study included 149 T2DM subjects divided into two groups with (T2DM – KD; n=52) and without (T2DM-nKD; n=97) presence of kidney dysfunction and 30 healthy subjects. White Blood Cells (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, RDW, platelet indices, urea, and creatinine, were measured in all participants. Kidney function was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. Results: T2DM-KD subjects showed statistically significantly higher values of the parameters RDW (p<0.01), Mean Platelet Volume - MPV (p<0.01), Platelet Distribution Width-PDW (p<0.01), Platelecrit-PCT (p<0.01), and Platelet Mass Index-PMI (p<0.01) compared to T2DM-nKD subjects, and statistically significantly lower values of the WBC count in T2DM-KD subjects compared to subjects suffering from T2DM without kidney dysfunction (p<0.01). ROC curve analysis revealed that RDW (sensitivity of 80.8%, specificity of 78.3%), MPV (sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 78.4 %), and PDW (sensitivity of 80.8%, specificity of 83.5%) could be used as markers in distinguishing between T2DM subjects with and without kidney dysfunction. Conclusion: This study confirms the reliability of the RDW,MPV, and PDW as simple, low cost and useful markers in distinguishing between T2DM subjects with and without kidney dysfunction.

BACKGROUND As artificial intelligence within digital processes continues to advance and replace conventional manual workflows, it is crucial that digital data are consistent with analog data. The aim was to evaluate the validity and time efficiency of digital cast analysis on digital models in comparison with the manual, gold standard, cast analysis on plaster models. METHODS Cast analysis was performed on 30 patients in three various methods: manually measured variables on plaster models (MP), manually measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (MD), and automatically measured variables on digital three-dimensional models (AD) on digital models. Digital cast analysis was performed in CS Model+. Analyses included metrical and categorical variables and the required work time. Measurements in MD and AD were validated to MP. Validity of the metrical variables was analyzed with Bland-Altman, Dahlberg's formula, and paired sample t test. Categorical variables were validated by Cohen's Kappa. Work time was analyzed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Metrical variables had measurement errors ranging 0.4 to 1.4 mm between MP-MD, and 0.6 to 3.2 mm between MP-AD. Observations of categorical variables had a moderate to strong (0.65 to 0.9) level of agreement between MP-MD, and a weak to moderate (0.4 to 0.68) level of agreement between MP-AD. Data for dental stage, vertical, and transversal relation was not provided in AD. Cast analysis was performed quicker digitally, P ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Digital cast analysis is consistent with manual cast analysis for metrical variables. Analyses of categorical variables show a weak level of agreement with automatic digital analysis, such as space conditions and midline assessments. Digital cast analysis optimizes time compared with manual cast analysis, with automatic analysis being the fastest.

Abstract Guidewire loss is a rare complication of central venous catheterization. A 65-year-old male was hospitalized in a high-dependency unit for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, erythrocytosis, and clinical signs of heart failure. Upon admission, after an unsuccessful right jugular approach, a left jugular central venous catheter was placed. The next day, chest radiography revealed the catheter located in the left parasternal region, with suspected retention of the guidewire, visually confirmed by the presence of its proximal end inside the catheter. The left parasternal location of the catheter and the typical projection of the guidewire in the coronary sinus, later confirmed by echocardiography, raised suspicion of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Agitated saline injected into the left antecubital vein confirmed bubble entry from the coronary sinus into the right atrium. After clamping the guidewire, the catheter was carefully retrieved along with the guidewire without any complications. This is the first reported case of guidewire retention in PLSVC and coronary sinus. It underscores the potential causes of guidewire loss and advocates preventive measures to avoid this potentially fatal complication.

Abstract This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based method for overhead lines magnetic flux density estimation. The considered method enables magnetic flux density estimation for arbitrary configurations and load conditions for single-circuit, multi-circuit, and also overhead lines that share a common corridor. The presented method is based on the ANN model that has been developed using the training dataset that is produced by a specifically designed algorithm. This paper aims to demonstrate a systematic and comprehensive ANN-based method for simple and effective overhead lines magnetic flux density estimation. The presented method is extensively validated by utilizing experimental field measurements as well as the most commonly used calculation method (Biot - Savart law based method). In order to facilitate extensive validation of the considered method, numerous magnetic flux density measurements are conducted in the vicinity of different overhead line configurations. The validation results demonstrate that the used method provides satisfactory results. Thus, it could be reliably used for new overhead lines’ design optimization, as well as for legally prescribed magnetic flux density level evaluation for existing overhead lines.

Wet synthesis approach afforded four new heteroleptic mononuclear neutral diamagnetic oxidovanadium(V) complexes, comprising salicylaldehyde-based 2-furoic acid hydrazones and a flavonol coligand of the general composition [VO(fla)(L-ONO)]. The complexes were comprehensively characterized, including chemical analysis, conductometry, infrared, electronic, and mass spectroscopy, as well as 1D 1H and proton-decoupled 13C(1H) NMR spectroscopy, alongside extensive 2D 1H1H COSY, 1H13C HMQC, and 1H13C HMBC NMR analyses. Additionally, the quantum chemical properties of the complexes were studied using Gaussian at the B3LYP, HF, and M062X levels on the 6-31++g(d,p) basis sets. The interaction of these hydrolytically inert vanadium complexes and the BSA was investigated through spectrofluorimetric titration, synchronous fluorimetry, and FRET analysis in a temperature-dependent manner, providing valuable thermodynamic insights into van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding. Molecular docking was conducted to gain further understanding of the specific binding sites of the complexes to BSA. Complex 2, featuring a 5-chloro-substituted salicylaldehyde component of the hydrazone, was extensively examined for its biological activity in vivo. The effects of complex administration on biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated in both healthy and diabetic Wistar rats, revealing antihyperglycemic activity at millimolar concentration. Furthermore, histopathological analysis and bioaccumulation studies of the complex in the brain, kidneys, and livers of healthy and diabetic rats revealed the potential for further development of vanadium(V) hydrazone complexes as antidiabetic and insulin-mimetic agents.