Uvod: Biotin, vitamin H ili vitamin B7, je topiv u vodi i neophodan je za reakcije karboksilacije, glukoneogenezu i metabolizam aminokiselina. Preporučena doza za odrasle je 0,03-0,06 mg/dan. Terapija visokim dozama biotina medicinski je indicirana za urođene pogreške metabolizma (nedostatak biotinidaze) i određene oblike alopecije, obično u dozama 5-10 mg/dan. U kliničkom ispitivanju je primjena biotina u dozi od 300 mg/dan kao tretman za progresivnu multiplu sklerozu. Materijal i metode: Streptavidin i manjim dijelom avidin nekovalentno se vežu za biotin s posebno jakim afinitetom, a trajnost te interakcije iskorištava se u laboratorijskim tehnikama kao što su western blot, protočna citometrija, imunohistokemija i imunohemijski testovi. Prema trenutačnim istraživanjima, poznato je da biotin uzrokuje interferencije u imunohemijskim testovima. Biotin ima sposobnost vezanja na različite molekule (biotinilacija) uz minimalne promjene u funkcionalnih ili antigenskih svojstava. Interferencije sa biotinom uključuju brojne imunohemijske testove kao što su proteini i steroidni hormoni, tumorski markeri, mikronutrijenti i lijekovi. Rezultati: Biotin može lažno povećati ili smanjiti rezultate u kompetitivnome i nekompetitivnome “sendvič” imunohemijskom testu. Niža povećanja vrijednosti obično se čine manje značajnima u usporedbi s visokim odstupanjima kod povišenih koncentracija biotina, ali mogu biti od terapijske i dijagnostičke važnosti. Osobito za procjenu hormona štitnjače (T3, T4, fT3, fT4), steroidnih hormona (kortizol, progesteron, testosteron i estradiol) kao i vitamina B12 i folne kiseline u slučaju postojeće interferencije biotina teško će se razlikovati deficit, referentna vrijednost odnosno povećanje. Interferencija sa biotinom mogla bi se ukloniti sa serijskim razblaženjem uzorka, ponavljanjem analize na drugoj metodi koja ne koristi biotin, utvrđivanjem koncentracije biotina i uklanjanjem biotina prije nego što se uzorak testira. Zaključak: Preporuka je da pacijent prestane sa terapijom biotina 3 dana prije uzorkovanja krvi odnosno 14 dana ako se koriste visoke doze biotina.

Introduction: Laboratory professionals (LP) are exposed to various hazards in the workplace, whose direct and/or cumulative effects can lead to the development of health disorders of varying severity. Our study aims to assess the level of occupational risk in biomedical laboratories. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021. The study included LP of all profiles in Europe, and the territorial affiliation of the respondents formed the basis for the formation of the groups studied. A validated questionnaire used for data collection was distributed online through the networks of professional associations. Based on the type of agent, frequency of exposure, characteristics of the workplace and work process, and individual factors, an occupational risk assessment matrix was created in categories ranging from low to very high. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods with a statistical significance threshold of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Significant differences in risk categorization were found between the groups studied (p < 0.001). Overall, 81.2% of LP in the European Union fall into the medium risk category, while more than half (52.1%) of LP and 1.7% of LP in Bosnia and Herzegovina fall into the high and very high risk categories. Higher education, service longer than 21 years, public sector, and biochemistry laboratory were identified as predictors of high risk, while predictors of very high risk were higher education, service of 21 to 30 years, public sector, and histopathology and molecular laboratories. Conclusions: Lack of equipment, organizational issues and working conditions were identified as weak points that directly correlate with risk levels in biomedical laboratory workplaces. Additional efforts to control exposure in biomedical laboratories are needed to maintain the health of LP.

Uvod: Heterogena priroda akutne mijeloične leukemije (AML) iziskuje primjenu specifičnih i pouzdanih laboratorijskih testova pri postavljanju dijagnoze. Istraživanja ukazuju na određene nedostatke konvencionalnih morfoloških i imunofenotipskih metoda, ali i potrebu za imple-mentacijom kompleksnog dijagnostičkog algoritma koji uz navedene metode inkorporira citogenetičke i molekularno-genetičke analize u integrirani dijagnostički pristup. Cilj: Predstaviti prednosti i nedostatke integriranog dijagnostičkog pristupa u dijagnostici akutne mijeloične leukemije. Metode: Za potrebe neeksperimentalnog kvalitativnog istraživanja, pretražene su relevantne baze podataka (PubMed, Scopus i Web of Science). Pretraga baza u širem opsegu provedena je uz pomoć ključnih riječi acute myeloid leukemia, cytomorphology, flow cytometry, cytogenetic abnormalities i molecular diagnostics. Za konačnu analizu, odabrani su naučni radovi koji zadovoljavaju kriterije relevantnosti i povezanosti s postavljenim ciljem i temom istraživanja. Rezultati: Integracija dijagnostičkih modaliteta u AML predstavlja veliki izazov zbog kontinuriane složenosti i opterećenja za zdravstvene profesionalce. Kao značajne prednosti izdvajaju se mogućnost umrežavanja rezultata različitih dijagnostičkih modaliteta, te detekcija nespecifičnih i izazovnih slučajeva AML. Prijavljeni nedostaci se odnose na potrebu za jedinstvenim protokolima, nepredvidiv turnaround time, validaciju i potrebu za visoko specija-liziranim osobljem. Danas se sve više pažnje pridaje AI (engl. artifical intelligence) i njenoj sposobnosti da obradi podatke s ciljem pružanja brzih i preciznih dijagnostičkih i prognostičkih informacija što predstavlja obećavajući koncept u AML-u. Usvajanje ove paradigme znatno bi olakšalo trenutne pristupe i unaprijedilo koncept zdravstvene zaštite. Zaključak: Integrirani dijagnostički pristup ima za cilj poboljšati kvalitet pojedinačnih metoda primjenom dosadašnjih saznanja i paralelnim testiranjem novih mogućnosti. S razvojem precizne medicine, ovaj dijagnostički model će u budućnosti dobiti dodatni značaj. Neovisno od utvrđenih prednosti i nedostatka, dostupna istraživanja ukazuju na nužnost dodatnih napora i primjenu AI za uspostavljanje standardiziranog integriranog pristupa na globalnom nivou.

The Aether-Scalar-Tensor (AeST) theory is an extension of General Relativity (GR) which can support Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) behaviour in its static weak-field limit, and cosmological evolution resembling ΛCDM. We consider static spherically symmetric weak-field solutions in this theory and show that the resulting equations can be reduced to a single equation for the gravitational potential. The reduced equation has apparent isolated singularities at the zeros of the derivative of the potential and we show how these are removed by evolving, instead, the canonical momentum of the corresponding Hamiltonian system that we find. We construct solutions in three cases: (i) in vacuum outside a bounded spherical object, (ii) within an extended prescribed source, and (iii) for an isothermal gas in hydrostatic equilibrium, serving as a simplified model for galaxy clusters. We show that the oscillatory regime that follows the Newtonian and MOND regimes, obtained in previous works in the vacuum case, also persists for isothermal spheres, and we show that the gas density profiles in AeST can become more compressed than their Newtonian or MOND counterparts. We construct the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) in AeST for isothermal spheres and find that it can display a peak, an enhancement with respect to the MOND RAR, at an acceleration range determined by the value of the AeST weak-field mass parameter, the mass of the system and the boundary value of the gravitational potential. For lower accelerations, the AeST RAR drops below the MOND expectation, as if there is a negative mass density. Similar observational features of the galaxy cluster RAR have been reported. This illustrates the potential of AeST to address the shortcomings of MOND in galaxy clusters, but a full quantitative comparison with observations will require going beyond the isothermal case.

This paper investigates the application of Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control in the context of car control using a bilateral teleoperator. A bilateral teleoperator allows the operator to operate a remote car using his own controls and at the same time receive feedback on the car’s condition. The goal of the research is the analysis and comparison of different control methods, including PID controller, Adaptive Fuzzy PID controller, and the use of energy and wave variables of the bilateral teleoperator. The paper presents a car control model by means of a bilateral teleoperator, which was implemented in a simulation environment. Then performance comparisons of different control methods were made. The PID controller was used as the basic method, while the Adaptive Fuzzy PID controller was additionally included to achieve system adaptivity. Also, the use of energy and wave variables of the bilateral teleoperator was additionally investigated. The results of the comparison show that the use of bilateral teleoperator wave variables gave the best response of the control system. The analysis of signal waveforms and frequencies enabled more precise monitoring of the car’s condition and the detection of possible problems or instability in the system. This knowledge can be of great importance for improving the performance of car control by means of a bilateral teleoperator.

Museum development is a side effect of tourism development since museums are significant components of cultural and tourist infrastructure, and tourism encourages infrastructure development in general. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, where tourism is a critical sector of the economy with a decades-long flow, the pattern of comparative development of tourism and museums has been recognized. The study provides a comparative review of the country's tourism and museum development, showcasing the multiple benefits of tourism and museums. Museums are one of the most important socio-cultural benefits of tourism because they preserve and present heritage, improve science, education, and cultural profiling, encourage employment and visitation, provide a better stay, generate income, and contribute to environmental urbanization and higher living standards. The identification of museums and museum resources revealed that, during the past three decades, approximately thirty museums of a predominantly thematic character have been established, particularly in the country's most visited destination (Sarajevo). Furthermore, an open-air museum (ethno-village) trend has begun. Museum visitation is increasing in tandem with tourist trips to the country, despite a lack of adequate monitoring (incomplete figures that are inconsistent with the situation in the field). Despite the fact that the global crisis disrupted tourism and museum development (COVID-19), both areas are key drivers of economic revitalization, as evidenced by new ideas and projects in this field. However, in addition to the benefits of increased museum activity, the study highlighted certain issues (e.g., lower engagement of professional staff and women etc.), which will encourage future research to provide more sustainable strategies for museum development.

Aimof this study was to present data on addicts with the imposed protective measure of compulsory treatment of addition that were sent to the Institute for Addiction Diseases for the period 2014-2020. The study compares artsof law violation, art of addiction as well as duration of the protective measure of compulsory treatment.Out of 61 patients, 59 (96 %) were males and 2 (4%) females. The only reason for compulsory treatment for all of them was domestic violence. Out of 61 patients 41 (67%) underwent compulsory treatment due to use of psycho-active compounds (PAS) and 20 (33%) due to use of alcohol. Incidence of alcohol or PAS was statistically significant higher in males than in females (19 vs 1, p<0.001; 40 vs 1, p<0.001, respectively). Duration of the treatment was significantly longer in patients who used PAS than in those who used alcohol (10.29 vs 7.4 months; p<0.05). There was not statistically difference between duration ofthe treatment in males and females (9.36 vs 9.00 months; p>0.05). Incidence of the compulsory measures was significantly higher in 2018, 2019 and 2020 than in 2014, 2015 and 2016 (p<0.001). In all analyzed years, except 2015, incidence of the mandatory measureswas significantly higher in patients who misused PAS than who misused alcohol. The most common difficulties are:lowmotivational capacity,inadequate way of thinking, inadequateway of behaving with the adoption of new models and, ultimately, inadequate independent functioning. Keywords: addiction, compulsory treatment, violation of the law, criminal behaviour.

The 2020 earthquakes that hit the Croatian capital city Zagreb and Petrinja revealed the (un)preparedness of the country once exposed to strong earthquake motion. Three years after, numerous buildings out of 25,000 that have been heavily damaged and destroyed still have not been reconstructed. The effect of the earthquake was felt as well in the bordering cities and towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH). Seismic assessment of the existing buildings in BIH is done by individual researchers and there is no defined methodology not policy for such activities. This paper aims to present the work that has been done in this field up to now and to give guidelines for the further work that needs to be conducted. The starting point was the calculation of the earthquake risk for the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the rapid assessment taking into account the vulnerability of buildings, seismic hazard, and population exposure. A more detailed assessment was conducted for the three largest cities in BIH, specifically Sarajevo, Banja Luka, and Tuzla. Typical residential masonry structures were identified, and detailed calculations were conducted, leading to the need for their strengthening. To have a more detailed picture much work has to be conducted.

Timber structures have been a popular choice for construction due to their natural and aesthetic appeal. However, with the increasing focus on sustainability and eco-friendliness, alternative building materials are gaining popularity. One such material that has gained attention is coconut wood. Coconut wood is a by-product of the coconut industry and has several unique properties that make it an excellent choice for timber structures. This paper reviews the properties and applications of coconut wood in timber structures and discusses its advantages, limitations, and challenges. We discussed the physical and chemical properties and durability of coconut wood. The average density of coconut palm wood ranges from 0.41-1.11g/cm3, while its moisture content ranges from 50% to 400%. Coconut wood has low shrinkage and swelling rates, reducing the risk of cracking or warping. The holocellulose content is about 67% while the lignin content is approximately 25%. Chemical and natural products, are effective in protecting coconut wood against decay and insect attack. Understanding such characteristics of coconut wood is critical for its optimal utilization in various industries. By employing appropriate preservation techniques and utilizing this versatile and sustainable resource, coconut wood can continue to provide significant benefits for communities and industries around the world.

It is known from theory and practice that the workability of wood depends on structural parameters that are closely related to the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the type of wood itself, and disturbance parameters that refer to the technological and geometric parameters determined by the specific processing regime. That machinability, in addition to the mechanical output sizes, is often expressed by the quality, that is, the roughness of the processed surface. By defining a mathematical model in the process of planing solid wood in which the input sizes are processing parameters: wood density (ρ), feed rate (m/min) and number of cutting spirals (z), and the spilled sizes are praamters of roughness of the treated surface (Ra and Rz), and by applying optimization methods, optimal solutions for the process of planing solid wood on planer machines will be determined, so that the obtained Yoptim model will aim to improve the workability of solid wood, specifically its roughness of the processed surface.

Abstract This paper presents a method for distributed generation (DG) allocation in medium voltage (MV) distribution system based on energy loss minimization. The main objective of the research is to design, implement and test a DG allocation (siting and sizing) method and to investigate how optimal DG allocation influence the operational parameters of the system from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. The problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem solved by using both genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Model of a realistic Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) and IEEE 37-bus EPDS are used as test systems. The results confirm that proposed algorithms can be used for practical DG allocation. The research presented contributes to the field as it provides a DG allocation method for energy loss reduction performed on a EPDS which can be applied in realistic planning and regulatory situations using open-source software.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of beech and fir finger joints under laboratory conditions. The samples were manufactured using a 9 mm finger joint with glued surfaces, in accordance with the EN 14 080 standard. Polyurethane adhesive of class D3, commonly used for the production of exterior wooden structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was applied to the samples. The specimens were subjected to destructive four-point bending tests according to the BAS EN 408 standard, and the achieved bending strength was statistically evaluated and compared to the results of unglued samples.

Abstract This paper addresses a underlying assumption of financial statements: going concern assumption. The going concern assumption constitutes a foundational premise presuming that the entity will conduct its operations in the forthcoming period (at least 12 months) without significant risk of business interruption. The primary objective of financial reporting is to provide information regarding the entity's financial position and performance to diverse users. Management is obligated to apprise users, and auditors are tasked with scrutinizing the assertion that the entity will continue its operations for a period exceeding 12 months. This paper meticulously examines the regulatory framework grounded in International Financial Reporting Standards and International Standards on Auditing. It particularly scrutinizes the role and significance of auditors in assessing the going concern assumption, encompassing an analysis of factors influencing the auditor's opinion on the going concern assumption and addressing criticisms directed at auditors. Furthermore, the paper explores past experiences in developing models for evaluating going concern assumptions, potentially aiding forensic accountants in uncovering irregularities in financial statements, given the correlation between a heightened bankruptcy risk and fraudulent activities.