Introduction Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive subtype of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers. Despite advancements in treatment, real-world clinical practice in developing countries often reveals less favorable outcomes than those observed in randomized clinical trials. Material and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients with extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) diagnosed or treated at a single center in Bosnia and Herzego-vina. Medical and electronic health records were reviewed to collect data on patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC between 2013 and 2023. The analysis included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and adverse events. Results Ninety-four patients with ES-SCLC were included in the study. Of these, 89.4% were prescribed first-line treatment, and 63.8% received first- line chemotherapy based on cisplatin and etoposide. The median progression- free survival in patients treated with first-line ES-SCLC was five months, with a response rate of 57.5%. The median overall survival of patients treated with first-line chemotherapy in our study was seven months. The most common side effect was hematologic toxicity. Conclusions Our results showed that the outcomes of patients with ES-SCLC in real clinical practice are poor. Further studies of real-world treatment outcomes are essential to validate the findings from randomized controlled trials. Ongoing research is needed to explore strategies for improving outcomes and addressing the unmet needs of patients with ES-SCLC.

Congenital lung malformations (CLMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the lung, including congenital pulmonary airway malformations, bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS), congenital lobar overinflation, bronchogenic cyst, and isolated congenital bronchial atresia. CLMs occur in 4 out of 10,000 live births. BPS can be intralobar or extralobar sequestration. The condition is often misdiagnosed; therefore, more research on the clinical characteristics of pulmonary sequestration should be carried out to improve the preoperative diagnosis rate. The goal of our case report is to increase awareness of this condition, to diagnose and treat it early, so that it is resected before the development of complications appear. We presented a case of a 32‐year‐old female patient who presented with a lung abscess and was diagnosed with pulmonary sequestration.

The diagnosis of extensive pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in young people, should take into account the possibility of an associated systemic autoimmune disease. Infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortalityin systemic lupus erythematosus. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing the association of systemic autoimmune diseases and infections and the need for a multidisciplinary approach.

Abstract Guidewire loss is a rare complication of central venous catheterization. A 65-year-old male was hospitalized in a high-dependency unit for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, erythrocytosis, and clinical signs of heart failure. Upon admission, after an unsuccessful right jugular approach, a left jugular central venous catheter was placed. The next day, chest radiography revealed the catheter located in the left parasternal region, with suspected retention of the guidewire, visually confirmed by the presence of its proximal end inside the catheter. The left parasternal location of the catheter and the typical projection of the guidewire in the coronary sinus, later confirmed by echocardiography, raised suspicion of a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Agitated saline injected into the left antecubital vein confirmed bubble entry from the coronary sinus into the right atrium. After clamping the guidewire, the catheter was carefully retrieved along with the guidewire without any complications. This is the first reported case of guidewire retention in PLSVC and coronary sinus. It underscores the potential causes of guidewire loss and advocates preventive measures to avoid this potentially fatal complication.