Background: The role and influence of a positive psychotherapeutic relationship on the outcome of psychotherapy has been widely documented. Ruptures in the psychotherapeutic relationship are defined as a deterioration in the collaborative relationship between the psychotherapist and the client. Objective: The aim of the research is to shed light on the issue of subjective experiences of psychotherapists regarding the perception of the meaning and interpretation of rupture, to discover the unique ways in which psychotherapists work to identify, manage and overcome them during the psychotherapy relationship, and to discover the psychotherapist's strategies for dealing with successful or unsuccessful processes of resolving the process of rupture in the psychotherapy process. Methods: The sample of respondents consisted of a total of 6 qualified psychotherapists with different psychotherapy orientations, who have completed accredited psychotherapy training programs with at least two years of psychotherapy experience, and are actively conducting psychotherapy sessions. The research was conducted according to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) methodology of qualitative studies. Semi-structured interview questionnaire - When conducting research in focus groups, a semi-structured interview questionnaire was used, which contains the domains provided by the Theoretical Domains Framework and open-ended questions related to the research objective. Results: The role of the therapeutic relationship in working with clients is assessed as the most important component without which there is no psychotherapy treatment, and a good therapeutic relationship as a predictor of psychotherapy success. The following indicators are crucial in the identification of psychotherapy rupture according to therapists: lack of mutual respect, feeling of being let down, presence of conscious or unconscious transference or countertransference, failure to meet expectations and compliance. On the emotional level, in the identification of psychotherapy rupture, the feeling of fatigue and anger, helplessness is identified. Conclusion: The results of the theoretical review and data analysis indicate the existence of several unique points for creating an integrative approach to the resolution of a psychotherapeutic rupture: Identification of the rupture, open discussion about the situation and relationship that has arisen, negotiation, and establishment of a new relationship. Further studies in this direction are needed.

Background: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR), encompassing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, represents a major public health challenge in Bosnia and Herzegovina, where overweight and obesity prevalence is high. Objective: The study aimed to: a) examine the prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors in relation to age; b) analyze biochemical parameters, lipid indices, and body composition indices in association with cardiometabolic risk (QRISK3); and c) identify age-specific thresholds for elevated risk. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive–analytical study included 203 working-age participants (≤49, 50–54, 55–59, ≥60 years). The research instruments included: laboratory analysis, anthropometric and body composition parameters, and the Q3 risk calculator. Results: The prevalence of three or more metabolic risk factors increased with age, from <49 years to ≥60 years. Younger participants exhibited lower HDL and higher visceral fat, whereas older groups showed elevated glucose, ALT, and AST (p<0.05). The Q3 risk score increased significantly across age groups (median 8.15 to 24.80; p<0.001). Visceral fat, BMI, and body fat percentage emerged as strong predictors of risk in younger and middle-aged adults. Conclusion: Cardiometabolic risk develops already in early adulthood. Age-specific thresholds for visceral fat and biochemical markers may improve risk stratification, highlighting the importance of early screening and preventive interventions.

The main aim of this study is to measure the indoor gamma and beta radiation dose rates in the areas of Banovici and Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their dependence on meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and air humidity). During the research, emphasis was placed on measuring doses in private residential buildings. Using the Gamma-Scout device, gamma and beta radiation dose rates were measured inside the residential buildings. Annual effective doses were estimated, as well as the excess lifetime cancer risk resulting from gamma and beta radiation. The average estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation in the Banovici and Zivinice areas was 1.09 ? 0.20 mSv, and also for gamma + beta radiation, it was 1.14 ? 0.19 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to gamma radiation indoors was estimated to be (4.25 ? 0.77)?10-3, while this risk from exposure to gamma + beta radiation was estimated to be (4.47 ? 0.75)?10-3.

This paper presents a procedure for probabilistic analysis of joint load carrying capacity as a randomly variable quantity on the example of a cylindrical press fit joint of a bronze ring with teeth and a worm gear hub. By fitting the set of results obtained by a series of FEM simulations for characteristic values of input parameters (interference and material characteristics), the coefficients of a second-order multidimensional polynomial as a "response surface" for the output quantity - joint load carrying capacity were determined. By MC simulation, generating random parameters according to the known laws of statistical distributions and evaluating the previously obtained higher-order polynomial, a statistical set was obtained, the processing of which determines the distribution parameters of the randomly variable output quantity. The described procedure is applicable to a wide class of probabilistic design problems that are analyzed using FEM analysis.

Contemporary technologies, including digitalization and artificial intelligence, increasingly influence everyday life and social relations, often giving rise to new forms of criminal offenses. Consequently, the fight against cybercrime demands more sophisticated mechanisms for detecting and proving such offenses. On the other hand, technological advancements present additional challenges for the efficient administration of criminal procedures, particularly with the application of artificial intelligence. This paper examines the current and applicable forms of modern technologies in criminal law, with a particular focus on criminal procedural law, highlighting the use of digital tools and artificial intelligence. The first part of the paper presents concrete examples of their application in combating cybercrime, evaluating both their advantages and potential risks. The second part analyzes key international documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union, which outline principles for the application of modern technologies, with a particular emphasis on the protection of human rights, the rule of law, and the preservation of moral values.

The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonic extraction of nettle seeds (Urtica dioica) whose products can be used as potential metal corrosion inhibitors. Different solvents were used (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone) in terms of total phenol content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP). The results show that the aqueous extracts have the highest TPC and antioxidant capacity in both tests. The high correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (R ≈ 0.98) confirms that phenolic compounds are key contributors to antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that nettle seeds can be examined as a potential metal corrosion inhibitor.

Background: Community-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) remains a life-threatening infection with high morbidity and mortality, despite advances in antibiotic therapy and vaccination. Understanding local epidemiology is crucial for improving outcomes. Objective: To evaluate clinical and epidemiological characteristics and outcome of patients with bacterial meningitis in all age groups. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 78 cases of CABM treated at the University Clinical Center Tuzla from 2014 to 2024. Patients were divided by age and outcome. Clinical features, laboratory results, microbiological findings, and prognostic factors were examined. Results: Adults comprised 59% of cases, and children 41%, with a median age of 29 years. The most common symptoms were fever (91%), positive meningeal signs (76.9%), vomiting (69.2%), and headache (66.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (24.4%) and Neisseria meningitidis (14.1%) were the leading pathogens. Mortality was 14.1%, significantly higher in adults (19.6%) than in children (6.3%). Poor outcomes were associated with older age, coma, ICU admission, and complications such as cerebral abscess or shock. Laboratory indicators of worse prognosis included thrombocytopenia, elevated urea and creatinine, hypokalemia, and low CSF cell count. Conclusion: CABM remains a serious clinical problem in Tuzla Canton. Early recognition, appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment, ICU management, and preventive measures such as vaccination are essential for improving survival, particularly in high-risk populations.

Milk and dairy products are nutritionally rich foods, providing energy and high-quality proteins along with a number of essential micronutrients. In this way, the dairy sector supports the existence of people in food chains around the world. Human activities affect the Earth's climate because they cause the release of huge amounts of greenhouse gases, which are retained in the Earth's atmosphere along with the gases that are naturally present in it. Food and drink are considered to be responsible for 20 to 30% of the impact on the environment, in which meat and dairy products are the most important. Research and methodologies are mostly focused on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), but numerous other impacts on the environment must also be taken into account, such as impacts on land and water through various types of pollution. In addition, the consumption of scarce water reserves and energy resources is also taken into account. Therefore, a sustainable approach to food and beverage production has no alternative. The dairy sector faces challenges to which it responds with numerous organized and synchronized actions and projects in order to successfully restructure and fit into the overall human activities to reduce pollution. Sustainability itself has 3 dimensions, ecological, economic and social. The aim of this paper is to present the current situation of sustainability in the dairy sector in the world and numerous activities undertaken by various actors in the dairy sector, from farm entities and dairy companies to various associations and umbrella organizations such as the International Dairy Federation, the European Dairy Association as well as non-specific dairy-strictly unrelated bodies. All activities are carried out in coordination and under the auspices of the United Nations and its organizations, primarily the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Paper analyzes energy consumption and optimization potentials in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The paper focuses on identifying key factors affecting energy use across different treatment stages, including preliminary, primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment. Strategies for improving energy efficiency are also discussed, such as the implementation of advanced technologies, aeration optimization, real-time process control, and the utilization of by-products, especially sludge, for biogas production. Based on literature review and case studies, the paper highlights the potential for transforming WWTPs into energy self-sufficient systems, reducing operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining the quality of treated water.

Background: The oncogenic potential of HPV remains a major global public health challenge and various natural therapeutics are being investigated to prevent cancer. The natural components of the Alchemilla vulgaris plant have various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer effects. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to bioinformatically examine the potential inhibitory effect of A. vulgaris compounds on the HPV target protein. Methods: The structures of quercetin, catechin, apigenin, luteolin, caffeic and gallic acid were taken from the PubChem database, and the protein structure of the target HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein (PDB ID: 4XR8) from the Protein Data Bank. Virtual screening and docking analysis were performed in AutoDock Vina. Protein-ligand complexes were visualized using Discovery Studio. The molecular dynamics simulation of 4XR8 in complex with quercetin was performed using Desmond. Results: Docking analysis showed that quercetin has the strongest binding affinity with 4XR8 (quercetin -8.9 kcal/mol, apigenin -8.7 kcal/mol, luteolin -8.7 kcal/mol, catechin -8.4 kcal/mol, caffeic acid -7.3 kcal/mol, gallic acid -6.8 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation results reinforce the stability and strong binding affinity of quercetin within the HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein. Conclusion: Natural components of Alchemilla vulgaris, especially quercetin, have shown promising potential for the treatment of HPV infection and additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for their further research.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of combining a low-glycemic index carbohydrate diet with structured strength training on the morphological characteristics of recreational participants. The sample included 16 subjects (8 men and 8 women), aged 19 to 50. The program lasted an average of 87.56 days. Participants followed a low-glycemic dietary regimen six days per week, with a free-choice diet on the seventh day. Strength training was conducted five times per week in the afternoon and consisted of a warm-up, main workout, and cooldown. Morphological measurements were performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita BC-587) and a standard tailor's measuring tape. The results showed statistically significant improvements (p < .05) in all monitored parameters, including reductions in body weight, body fat percentage, circumferences, and metabolic age, as well as an increase in total body water. Sex-based analysis revealed that, aside from differences in height and metabolic rate (favoring males), there were no statistically significant differences in progress, suggesting similar program effectiveness across genders. The combination of a low-glycemic index diet and structured strength training can produce significant improvements in body composition among recreational exercisers, regardless of sex.

Background/Aim: Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Aiton) extracts are widely utilised in dietary supplements due to their rich content of polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are associated with antioxidative and antimicrobial activities. However, commercial products often lack detailed phytochemical characterisation, raising concerns about efficacy and stability, especially in the presence of additives such as vitamin C. This study aimed to characterise the polyphenolic content of a commercial dry cranberry extract by quantifying its anthocyanins and PACs using both the 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) and modified Bate-Smith assays to explore potential stabilising agents for improved extract stability. Methods: Anthocyanins and vitamin C were quantified using HPLC-DAD. PACs were quantified using two complementary colorimetric methods: DMAC (with catechin chloride as standard) and a modified Bate-Smith method (with procyanidin B2 standard). Antioxidative activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays. Literature-based evaluation of succinate and glutamate was conducted to assess their potential as polyphenol stabilisers. Results: Five major anthocyanins were identified, with total content of 9.95 mg/g. PAC content was determined as 53.57 % via DMAC and 36.31 % via Bate-Smith, underscoring the impact of method selection. Antioxidant assays confirmed strong activity (IC50 = 110 µg/mL ABTS, 92.85 µg/mL DPPH). Vitamin C content was low (1.2 mg/g), consistent with extract maturity. Literature suggests that succinate, due to its diacidic nature, may provide enhanced stabilisation compared to other additives. Conclusion: Analysed cranberry extract was rich in bioactive polyphenols and exhibited significant antioxidant potential. The comparison of analytical methods highlights the need for standard harmonisation. Stabilisation strategies such as succinate addition should be further evaluated to enhance the shelf-life and efficacy of cranberry-based nutraceuticals.

Background: Posterior pericardiotomy has been proposed to prevent postoperative pericardial effusion and tamponade in coronary artery bypass grafting, but its effect on pleural fluid accumulation during off-pump CABG (OPCAB) is not well defined. Objective: To compare intraoperative metrics and early postoperative outcomes—particularly rates of pleural and pericardial effusions—between OPCAB with and without posterior pericardiotomy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort, 68 patients underwent OPCAB from January to March 2025 and were stratified into pericardiotomy (n = 38) and control (n = 30) groups. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, left ventricular ejection fraction, operative time, and graft count were recorded. Postoperative outcomes included incidence of pericardial and pleural effusions (confirmed by echocardiography or chest radiography), new-onset atrial fibrillation (within seven days), chest-tube drainage volume, and in-hospital mortality. Results: Groups were similar in age (mean 66.5 ± 7.1 years), sex, and major comorbidities, though peripheral artery disease and multi-vessel coronary disease were more prevalent in the pericardiotomy group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017). Operative time and ICU stay did not differ significantly. Mediastinal drainage was higher after pericardiotomy (861 ± 551 vs. 764 ± 347 mL; p = 0.03). Pericardial effusion rates were low and comparable (10.5% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.72), and no tamponade occurred. Pleural effusions were significantly more frequent with pericardiotomy (42.1% vs. 6.6%; p = 0.001). Atrial fibrillation incidence and in-hospital mortality were similar between groups. Conclusions: Posterior pericardiotomy in OPCAB effectively prevents clinically significant pericardial effusion and tamponade, though it redirects fluid into the pleural space, increasing pleural effusion rates. These effusions are manageable with routine drainage and do not prolong recovery. Prospective studies should further define patient selection and long-term implications.