Introduction Prisoners are at a higher risk of communicable diseases (such as HIV and hepatitis) than the general population. Therefore, medical screening is crucial for early diagnosis, treatment, identifying those at higher risk of infection, and prevention of infection spread. Objective The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with hepatitis B and C seropositivity in the prison population in Montenegro in two consecutive study years. Method Prisoners of Prison for Short and Long prison terms in Spuž, Montenegro, were included in two cross-sectional studies during 2012 and 2021. Data on socio-demographic factors, risky behavior, and preventive measures related to blood-borne viruses were collected. The data were statistically processed by statistical testing of differences and applying regression models in SPSS Windows, version 19. Results A total of 506 prisoners (2012–298; 2021–208) were included in this study. One fifth of prisoners were seropositive for viral hepatitis B (2012–0.7%; 2021–3.4%) or C (2012–21.8%; 2021-20.7%) or both (2012–0.33%; 2021–0.0%). Factors associated with viral hepatitis B and C seropositivity in both years were shorter prison terms served and injection drug use. Additionally, factors associated with prisoners seropositivity in 2012 were ever drug use and lack of free hygiene kits in prison, and in 2021 were condom use with a permanent partner, non-condom use with non-permanent partner, and availability of free syringes and needles distribution. Conclusion and recommendation Prevalent risky behaviors and the lack of harm reduction interventions are more common among seropositive prisoners. Establishing a prison hospital, improving the surveillance system, introducing new or improving old harm reduction interventions is imperative.

My PhD research focuses on developing a highly accurate and explainable multi-output virtual metrology system for semiconductor manufacturing. Using machine learning, we predict the physical properties of metal layers from process parameters captured by production equipment sensors. Key contributions include a model-agnostic explanatory method based on projective operators, providing insights into the most influential features for multi-output predictions and feature selection algorithms for these tasks.

Methods: A experimental study involved the participation of 207 soccer coaches (B, A and PRO UEFA coaching license). The subscale of the questionnaire refers to coaching and leadership competencies, contains 47 items and was created from the existing questionnaires. Responses to the items of the third subscale are also given in the form of a five-point Likert scale, where respondents were required to indicate the level of agreement with the given statements. The questionnaire examines coaching and leadership competencies contained in 6 groups of competencies. Each competency (communication competencies, football and other competencies, organizational competencies, leadership competencies, technical and motivational competencies, training technology competencies - performance monitoring and training/match analysis) consists of 7 or 8 items. The validation of the developed instrument in this empirical study was conducted using two procedures: (1) factor analysis (PCA with oblique rotation) and (2) an internal consistency assessment (Scale Reliability Analysis – Cronbach's Alpha). Results: By applying principal component factor analysis to the data of the "coaching and leadership competencies" subscale with oblimin factor rotation, 7 significant factors with a Kaiser value greater than 1 and 64.671% of the total variance were identified. Conclusions: The non-objectivity of the respondents was established by applying a self-evaluation scale, and it was confirmed that such questionnaires cannot be used to assess the accuracy of an individual's assessment. It is noticeable that the general opinion of coaches about the importance of certain competencies is probably wrong.

Even when remission is achieved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastrointestinal symptoms may persist. These can be classified as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms in IBD in remission. Further scientific research and debate are required to clearly define this entity and to improve the quality of IBD care.

Abstract Developmental abnormalities in elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) are rarely documented, with reported cases primarily involving fin or cranial deformities. Monozygotic twinning, the formation of identical twins from a single zygote, is particularly rare in these species and has been observed overwhelmingly in viviparous elasmobranchs. Here, we document a rare case of monozygotic twinning in an oviparous shark, the Small‐spotted Catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (Linneaus, 1758). This case was characterized by two embryos connected to a single yolk sac via separate yolk stalks within the egg capsule. The embryos exhibited normal development until mortality at developmental Stage 31 (Ballard et al., 1993) or stage 4 (Musa et al., 2018), likely due to stressors such as oxidative stress and allostatic overload, resulting from shared resources within the capsule. This is the first confirmed instance of mortality in monozygotic elasmobranch twins, highlighting the plausible challenges of polyembryony in oviparous elasmobranchs. These findings underscore the importance of understanding reproductive abnormalities and their implications for fecundity, particularly in light of ongoing anthropogenic pressures that threaten elasmobranch populations globally.

Husein Đozo’s views on prophethood are particularly examined in the context of the Prophet's role as a messenger and his miracles. Indeed, belief in the Prophets is one of the six articles of faith. Denying the Prophets is considered an act of disbelief, as rejecting a Prophet means refusing to acknowledge what he has conveyed from Almighty God. According to Ahl al-Sunnah, believing in all Prophets without distinction is obligatory.

Mixing different cultivars has been recognized as a promising strategy for the reduction of pest pressure and the enhancement of crop performance. However, this applies only in specific combinations, creating a need to select cultivars that interact synergistically in mixtures. We propose a trait-based laboratory method to identify complementary pairs of cereal cultivars based on their ability to prime one another’s defense response through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we screened 25 locally-grown cultivars from six European countries to assess their responsiveness to volatile priming under controlled conditions. The tested cultivars exhibited three primary types of volatile interactions: no interaction, one-way interaction (where one cultivar responded to volatiles from another) and two-way interaction (where both cultivars reciprocally responded). Subsequently, the efficacy of these cultivar pairs was evaluated over a three-year period in field trials where aphid infestation, natural enemy abundance and plant traits (height, number of plants per 1-meter, Thousand Grain Weight (TGW) and yield) were assessed. Field trials results demonstrated that only specific cultivar mixtures led to a significant reduction in aphid infestation, indicating a robust genetic and environmental interaction. Mixtures in which both cultivars exhibited two-way interaction under controlled conditions, demonstrated reductions in aphid abundance in comparison to monoculture controls. In contrast, the abundance of natural enemies was not significantly affected by cultivar mixtures, and there were no notable changes in plant traits. We propose that the strategic pairing of cultivars, which actively engage in volatile interactions in the laboratory, can effectively reduce aphid pressure in the field without compromising plant traits or crop yield, thereby reducing reliance on chemical control. Given the role of aphids as vectors of economically significant viruses, reducing their population could also limit the spread of plant diseases in the field. This approach underscores the importance of understanding plant interactions at a chemical level to optimize cultivar pairing and develop sustainable pest management strategies.

We perform a systematic analysis of intrachannel quantum interference in laser-induced nonsequential double ionization with linearly polarized bichromatic fields, focusing on the recollision-excitation with subsequent ionization (RESI) mechanism and employing the strong-field approximation. We generalize and elaborate several analytic interference conditions for RESI in arbitrary driving fields, with a focus on the interference arising from the specific symmetries of bichromatic fields. For example, for waves of comparable strengths, multiple events per half-cycle for the direct electron must be considered. Furthermore, interference breaks some of the symmetries arising from the field. We detangle the superimposed interference fringes originating from phase differences related to symmetrization due to electron exchange, temporal shifts, and a combination of exchange and event interference. We show that the hierarchy between exchange-only and exchange-temporal interference is fluid and can be manipulated by an appropriate choice of driving-field parameters. This is enabled by different types of interference occupying specific regions of the plane spanned by the electron momentum components parallel to the driving-field polarization.

This work is part of the project “Humanity as a Forgotten Olympic Discipline” which represents a humanitarian expedition where an athlete will be enduring 13 days of a triathlon starting at the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finishing at the top of the Olympus Mountain in Greece. The primary goal of this project was to collect financial resources for the purpose of treating patients with cancer. Through his actions, the triathlon athlete faced extreme challenges which symbolically represent a battle full of ups and downs which these patients are fighting each day. A triathlon is a sport that requires skills, effort, endurance and motivation. It combines three sports disciplines: running, cycling, and swimming. The athlete was engaged in these disciplines during his venture to the Olympus Mountain. Most important aspect of this humanitarian expedition was the power of will. The will to succeed equals the will to get well. In these extreme circumstances, the athlete had support from his team: project coordinator, Doctor of Medicine, nutritionist, mountain climbing expert and photographer. Due to daily exhausting physical activity, the role of nutritionist played a significant part in his endeavor. Hence, the dietary plan was adapted to the conditions of staying in camper vans and facing unexpected challenges. Used methods were: Anthropometry (height, weight, BMI); instrument based on bioelectrical impedance method (BIA); software Program Prehrane 5.0; creating a dietary plan for 11 days including food preferences, energy needs and endurance parameters. Expected outcome refers to meeting the nutritional needs of the athlete with the aim of maintaining endurance and energy.

Triggered by advances in atomic-layer exfoliation and growth techniques, along with the identification of a wide range of extraordinary physical properties in self-standing films consisting of one or a few atomic layers, two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and other van der Waals (vdW) crystals now constitute a broad research field expanding in multiple directions through the combination of layer stacking and twisting, nanofabrication, surface-science methods, and integration into nanostructured environments. Photonics encompasses a multidisciplinary subset of those directions, where 2D materials contribute remarkable nonlinearities, long-lived and ultraconfined polaritons, strong excitons, topological and chiral effects, susceptibility to external stimuli, accessibility, robustness, and a completely new range of photonic materials based on layer stacking, gating, and the formation of moiré patterns. These properties are being leveraged to develop applications in electro-optical modulation, light emission and detection, imaging and metasurfaces, integrated optics, sensing, and quantum physics across a broad spectral range extending from the far-infrared to the ultraviolet, as well as enabling hybridization with spin and momentum textures of electronic band structures and magnetic degrees of freedom. The rapid expansion of photonics with 2D materials as a dynamic research arena is yielding breakthroughs, which this Roadmap summarizes while identifying challenges and opportunities for future goals and how to meet them through a wide collection of topical sections prepared by leading practitioners.

This work is part of the project “Humanity as a Forgotten Olympic Discipline” which represents a humanitarian expedition where an athlete will be enduring 13 days of a triathlon starting at the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and finishing at the top of the Olympus Mountain in Greece. The primary goal of this project was to collect financial resources for the purpose of treating patients with cancer. Through his actions, the triathlon athlete faced extreme challenges which symbolically represent a battle full of ups and downs which these patients are fighting each day. A triathlon is a sport that requires skills, effort, endurance and motivation. It combines three sports disciplines: running, cycling, and swimming. The athlete was engaged in these disciplines during his venture to the Olympus Mountain. Most important aspect of this humanitarian expedition was the power of will. The will to succeed equals the will to get well. In these extreme circumstances, the athlete had support from his team: project coordinator, Doctor of Medicine, nutritionist, mountain climbing expert and photographer. Due to daily exhausting physical activity, the role of nutritionist played a significant part in his endeavor. Hence, the dietary plan was adapted to the conditions of staying in camper vans and facing unexpected challenges. Used methods were: Anthropometry (height, weight, BMI); instrument based on bioelectrical impedance method (BIA); software Program Prehrane 5.0; creating a dietary plan for 11 days including food preferences, energy needs and endurance parameters. Expected outcome refers to meeting the nutritional needs of the athlete with the aim of maintaining endurance and energy.

Introduction Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (SCA), a deadly gynecologic cancer, often goes undetected until the late stages. Tissue proteomics unveils disease heterogeneity, enhancing tumor classification and enabling personalized treatments tailored to individual expression profiles. Material and methods Tissue samples from 46 serous ovarian tumors were quantified using label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 80 proteins differentiating SCA from borderline tumors, 277 distinguishing SCA from benign tumors, and 195 between borderline and benign tumors. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed increased cell proliferation and RNA processing in SCA and borderline tumors compared to benign tumors, with SCA showing greater oxidative phosphorylation than borderline tumors. Results Our comparative analysis indicates that upregulated (ASS1 – argininosuccinate synthase 1, CAPS, PPA1, BCAT1, MCM4) and downregulated proteins (MUC5B, SLC4A1, tenascin-XB – TNXB, carbonic anhydrase 1, hemoglobin β) may offer a robust panel for distinguishing SCA from benign and borderline ovarian tumors, potentially aiding in early diagnosis and disease monitoring. The cancer-associated proteins pyridoxal dependent decarboxylase domain containing 1 (AUC: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.66–1), GFPT1 (AUC: 0.84, CI: 0.70–0.89), and HYOU1 (AUC: 0.84, CI: 0.70–0.98) significantly differentiated between low-grade (LGSCA) and high-grade serous cystadenocarcinoma (HGSCA). Low-grade SCA showed significantly greater levels of MZB1 (log2 fold change (FC): –1.951, p-value: 0.0258), CRABP2 (FC: –2.34, p-value: 0.0016), and BCAM (FC: –1.945, p-value: 0.0197) than borderline cancers. Conclusions Argininosuccinate synthase 1 and TNXB showed potential as markers of disease progression. Elevated ASS1 was observed in borderline, LGSCA, and HGSCA tumors compared to benign tumors, while TNXB levels progressively declined from benign to borderline, LGSCA, and HGSCA tumors. Our study pinpoints critical biomarkers in serous ovarian tumors for HGSCA progression.