Background: Rescue stenting (RS) is a bailout strategy for failed thrombectomy. Optimal platelet inhibition strategy after RS remains unclear. Objectives: We aimed to describe and compare different platelet inhibition strategies during/after RS. Design: Retrospective cohort study across 34 international centers. Methods: Patients with large vessel occlusion and RS after failed thrombectomy (2019–2023) were included. Periprocedural and postprocedural platelet inhibition strategies were described and compared, focusing on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) inhibitors, single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). We assessed the effects of platelet inhibition strategy and potentially covariates on the primary outcome of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) using ordinal shift analysis with proportional odds models. Results: RS was performed in 589 patients (mean age 67.9 years, 60.8% male). Numerous combinations of platelet inhibitors were administered. Periprocedural GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 61.5% of patients. Postprocedural DAPT was administered to 80.5% and SAPT to 13.3%. Functional independence (mRS 0–2) was achieved in 40.7%, while 26.3% died within 90 days. Stent occlusion occurred in 20.5%, with 67.6% of these occlusions within 24 h. Postprocedural stent-occlusion was independently associated with worse functional outcome at 90 days (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.3–7.2, p < 0.001). No significant association between periprocedural GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, and 90-day mRS or stent occlusion was found. Postprocedural SAPT was associated with worse functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.0, p = 0.02), higher mortality (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.05–4.0, p = 0.03), and increased stent occlusion rates (aOR 4.8, 95% CI 2.3–9.7, p < 0.001) compared to postprocedural DAPT. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 6.8% of patients, with no significant difference between antiplatelet regimens. Conclusion: Extensive heterogeneity exists in platelet inhibition strategies following RS. Stent occlusion is associated with worse clinical outcomes, and the first 24 h post-RS are critical for stent patency. Compared to SAPT, DAPT was associated with better functional outcome, lower mortality, and lower stent occlusion rates. Plain language summary When clot removal for stroke fails and a stent is placed, different blood thinner treatments affect risk of stent blockage and outcomes When doctors try to remove a blood clot during a stroke but are unsuccessful, they sometimes place a stent to reopen the blocked artery—a procedure called “rescue stenting.” After placing a stent, patients need blood-thinning medications to prevent the stent from becoming blocked again. However, the best way to manage these medications is unclear. In this study, we looked at 589 patients from 34 hospitals around the world who had rescue stenting between 2019 and 2023. We compared different strategies for using blood thinners, including strong drugs given during the procedure and either one (“single”) or two (“dual”) blood thinners given afterward. We found a lot of variation in how doctors used these medications. Using a strong blood thinner during the procedure didn’t seem to change long-term recovery or the risk of the stent blocking. However, after the procedure, patients who were treated with two blood thinners did better than those who got only one. Patients on dual therapy were more likely to recover well, less likely to die, and less likely to have their stent block again. Importantly, most stent blockages happened within the first 24 hours after the procedure, and patients with stent blockages did worse, highlighting the 24h period as critical for blood thinner treatment.

(BHS) Ovaj rad se fokusira na upotrebu mašinskog učenja i korištenje namjenskih baza podataka vještačke inteligencije u svrhu kreiranja rješenja zasnovanih na unaprijeđenom algoritmu za preventivno upravljanje rizicima i predikciju rizika u realnom vremenu. U radu se analiziraju postojeći standardi, njihovi nedostaci i moguća rješenja za unapređenje, kao i struktura i algoritamska osnova ovih sistema, te njihova integracija u postojeće sigurnosne arhitekture i platforme. Obuhvaćena je detekcija prijetnji na osnovu anomalija i analiza ustaljenog korisničkog ponašanja prema zadanim obrascima, procjena rizika i proaktivna detekcija napada. Pravovremena identifikacija i upravljanje rizicima postaju ključni faktori održivosti kompanija i sigurnosti poslovnih i informacionih sistema. Prediktivna analitika, zasnovana na vještačkoj inteligenciji, mašinskom učenju i analizi velikih skupova podataka, donosi transformacijske mogućnosti u oblastima poput industrije, finansija i zdravstva, koje su u savremenoj eri povezane sajber sigurnošću i predikcijom rizika, a koje pomažu donosiocima odluka da efikasnije upravljaju sistemima i zaštite ih. Integrativni pristup usklađivanju ovih tehnologija, posebno u kontekstu organizacione strukture i pravnog okvira, obuhvata pitanja pouzdanosti i transparentnosti modela, odgovornosti za automatizovane odluke, zaštite privatnosti i usklađenosti sa zakonodavstvom. Cilj rada je pružiti sveobuhvatan pregled tehnoloških i metodoloških inovacija u prediktivnoj zaštiti od sajber rizika, te identifikovati pravce budućeg razvoja sa posebnim fokusom na sigurnost, etiku i pouzdanost AI sistema. (ENG) This paper focuses on the use of machine learning and the use of dedicated AI databases to create solutions based on an improved algorithm for preventive risk management, and real-time risk prediction. The paper analyses the existing standard, its shortcomings and solutions for improvement, and the structure and algorithmic basis of these systems, as well as their integration into existing security architectures and platforms. The work includes the detection of threats based on anomalies and the analysis of established user behavior according to given patterns, risk assessment and proactive detection of attacks. Timely identification and management of risks are becoming key factors in corporate sustainability and security of business and information systems. Predictive analytics, based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data analytics, bring transformational opportunities in areas such as industry, finance, healthcare, which in the modern era are connected by cybersecurity and risk prediction that help decision makers to manage systems more efficiently and protect them. An integrative approach to harmonizing these technologies, especially considering the organizational structure and legal framework, includes issues of reliability and transparency of models, as well as accountability for automated decisions, privacy protection and compliance with legislation. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of technological and methodological innovations in predictive protection against cyber risks, and to identify directions for future development with a special focus on the security, ethics and reliability of AI systems.

Background: Legal certainty is a guiding principle in all European countries. One of the main tools for achieving legal certainty in Europe is the codification of law. In 2023, Saudi Arabia adopted its first codification of contractual and non-contractual obligations through the Civil Transactions Law (CTL), aiming to achieve greater legal certainty. This shift represents a major shift from a predominantly Shariah-based jurisdiction towards civil law. This research examines whether the enactment of the CTL has influenced the Saudi Commercial Court's interpretation of compensation claims. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted to track citation trends over time and to examine case law documents to confirm the quantitative results. Qualitative empirical analysis, specifically document analysis, was utilised to identify and extract Shariah jurists’ opinions, providing depth to the statistical results. Quantitative empirical methods, including interrupted time series (ITS), were applied to assess whether the compensation provisions in the CTL led to significant shifts in compensation claims decisions. Overall, 2,913 cases decided before the enactment of the CTL and 61 decided under the CTL were analysed in this study. Results and conclusions: The pre-law analysis indicates that courts cited Shariah jurists or general legal principles to establish the liability for compensation. In contrast, post-law analysis suggests a discernible shift, with courts increasingly citing civil law provisions directly, notably Articles 120 and 720 of the CTL. This shift is supported by an increase in overall article citations within compensation judgments, rising from 36% to 62%, supported by the examination of cases decided based on these articles. These findings indicate that the enactment of the Civil Transactions Law has contributed to enhancing the legal certainty in Saudi commercial courts.

This paper presents a mathematical model for the calculation of transient current distribution in grounding systems, based on antenna theory. The modeling of grounding electrodes relies on a system of coupled integro-differential equations of the Pocklington type, applied to complex wire structures buried in a semi-space with finite conductivity. The Pocklington equation is derived directly from Maxwell’s equations, and the paper thoroughly describes the entire procedure, including the influence of the boundary between two media using Fresnel reflection coefficients. The system of equations is solved using the indirect boundary element method, resulting in the determination of current distribution along grounding structures of various geometries, which represents a fundamental parameter for analyzing the transient response of grounding systems.

Background: Suicide is a major public health issue and a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Assessing suicide risk remains challenging due to multifactorial risks. Objective. The aim of the study was to present ten-year trends in suicides in the Zenica-Doboj Canton and to describe the methods of suicide by gender, age, and year of occurrence, with the goal of better understanding this complex and deviant form of behavior. Methods: In the article has been included a retrospective analysis of suicide data collected from the suicide reporting form in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, obtained from the Institute for Health and Food Safety Zenica for the period 2015–2024. Results: Resuzlts are based on 147 processed cases of suicide over a ten-year period. The distribution of suicides by age group was: under 1 year: 0 (0%), 1–4: 0 (0%), 5–9: 0 (0%), 10–14: 0 (0%), 15–19: 4 (3%), 20–29: 16 (11%), 30–39: 13 (9%), 40–49: 20 (15%), 50–59: 26 (18%), 60–64: 27 (19%), 65–69: 9 (6%), 70–79: 20 (14%), 80+: 12 (8%). The average number of suicides per age group was x̄ = 11.3. Yearly suicide cases: 2015: 19 (12.9%), 2016: 19 (12.9%), 2017: 22 (14.9%), 2018: 29 (19.7%), 2019: 29 (19.7%), 2020: 8 (5.4%), 2021: 1 (0.68%), 2023: 0 (0%), 2024: 0 (0%). The average number of suicides per year was x̄ = 14.7. The gender distribution was 73% male and 27% female, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. The most common method was intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation; 93 (63.2%). Conclusion. Understanding suicide trends, mechanisms, and methods in the Zenica-Doboj Canton can help in the development of early-prevention programs and prevention strategies, as well as in better understanding the contributing factors and suicidal individuals’ attitudes that lead to such fatal decisions.

Background: According to laws on health care in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and AKAZ standards hospital health care includes a set of measures, activities and procedures, which are undertaken with the aim of diagnosing, treating and medically rehabilitating patients in appropriate inpatient health care institutions. Objective: The aim of this study was to explain influence of appropriate helath management standards for hospital healthcare activities and diagnostic services in the praxis. Methods: We used published books and papers with health management standards and also AKAZ standards for our description. Results and Discussion: Acute hospitalization according to the standards of the World Health Organization treats acute disease states or acute exacerbation of chronic diseases with a shorter duration of treatment. This type of hospitalization is carried out in: general, cantonal and clinical hospitals. General hospitals provide basic hospital care in general internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, gynecology and obstetrics and diagnostics for this level. Cantonal hospitals provide healthcare services in basic specializations, namely: pediatrics, pneumophthisiology, neurology, psychiatry, infectology, dermatovenerology, internal medicine, medical rehabilitation and physiatry, surgery, urology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, gynecology and obstetrics. Clinical centers provide services from a wide range of subspecialties, where the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods and equipment are used for diagnosis and treatment in these centers, and at the same time, clinical centers are also educational bases for individual clinical disciplines: cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology, nuclear medicine, pneumophthisiology, hematology, neurology, psychiatry, pediatrics, infectology, dermatovenerology, oncology, angiology, neurosurgery, abdominal surgery, urology, thoracic surgery, orthopedics, reconstructive and plastic surgery, vascular surgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, transplantology, cardiac surgery, children\'s surgery, toxicology, gynecology, obstetrics and emergency medicine. Conclusion: Health management aims to fulfill the task of meeting the needs of users of the health system in the process of providing services. The belief that good management is the key to the success of any company, school, development program, or health institution has led to the development of management as a field in recent years

Background: Relationship between preoperative anemia (PA) and postoperative delirium (POD) is not still completely clear and totally proven for surcigally treated patients. This study tries to unveil that connection in patient surgically treated for colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: The aim of this study is to examine relationship between PA and POD in patients surgically treated for CRC and improve preoperative preparation and recognition of critical risk groups of patients for POD. Methods: Out of 62 patient were analysed in prospective method. All patient have been operated for CRC in Surgical clinic of University clinical centre Tuzla from june until december of 2024. Patients were divided in 2 groups depending on presence of PA. Presence of PA is defined as blood hemoglobin concentration (HGB) lower than 130 g/L (<13 g/dL) or hematocrite (HCT) lower than 39% in grown up men and HGB <120 g/L (<12 g/dL) or HCT<37% in grown up women. Incidence of POD was observed and noted postoperatively. POD was diagnosed and confirmed with CAM test (Confusion Assessment Method), which was done inside first 2 hours after surgery and patient extubation. Noted datas were analysed with descriptive and analytic statistic methods. Results: POD incidence was 27% (17/62) on the first postoperative day. After analysis statitically significant realtionship was found between PA and POD (ρ=0.324; p<0.05). Realised corellation is on the significance level of 0.05 (95%), it has positive direction and waek intensity. POD occurs 4,5 times more often in patients with PA. (OR= 4,500; 95% IP: 1.355–14.944). Conclusion: PA is connected with increased number of patients with POD who have been surgically treated for CRC. PA can be defined as one important preoperative risk factor that affect onset of POD . Identification of all preoperative risk factors and its correction represent best way of POD prevention.

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential regulators of energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and body composition. Although overt thyroid dysfunction is well known to alter basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass, emerging evidence suggests that even hormonal variations within the reference range may exert measurable effects on metabolic and body composition profiles. Women of reproductive age represent a population particularly sensitive to hormonal oscillations due to the interplay between endocrine, reproductive, and cardiometabolic health. Objective: The study aimed to a) analyze thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, FT4) alongside anthropometric and body composition parameters in women of reproductive age; b) examine thyroid hormone levels, BMR, and body composition parameters across age groups; and c) investigate associations of thyroid hormones with BMR, body composition components, and unfavorable body composition patterns (visceral adiposity, elevated metabolic age, obesity) as well as metabolic indicators.. Methods: A total of 117 women aged 18–45 years were included in this cross-sectional, observational study conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina between September 2023 and November 2024. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence assays, while body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analyses included descriptive methods, Pearson’s correlation, and Chi-square testing, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: TSH showed significant positive associations with fat-free mass, muscle mass, and BMR (p<0.05). FT3 was inversely correlated with metabolic age and visceral fat, while FT4 demonstrated weak negative associations with fat-free mass and metabolic age (p<0.05). Significant age-related differences were observed in fat percentage, fat mass, BMI, visceral fat, and metabolic age, with the most unfavorable profiles in women aged 31–40 years. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones, even within the reference range, are associated with body composition and metabolic parameters in women of reproductive age. Their role as early indicators of unfavorable metabolic patterns highlights potential implications for reproductive and cardiovascular risk assessment.